^{page 244 note a} It is true that M. de Beauchamp says, “the Ruins extend several leagues to the north of Hillah; and incontestably mark the situation of Ancient Babylon:” but this is so vaguely and indistinctly given, that the Idea has been applied, exclusively, to the Mujelibé, and the other Mounds near it. M. de Beauchamp does not appear to have observed the Mounds between the Mujelibè and Mohawill.

^{page 244 note b} The details concerning those Remains, will be found in page 7, and page 20, & seq. of the Memoir of Mr. Rich.

In the line between Mohawill and Hillah, which is supposed to pass thro' the centre of the Area of Ancient Babylon, from North to South, traces of buildings are discovered in detached Mounds of Rubbish, strewed with the fragments of bricks and bitumen, through a space of about 9 Miles.

Towards the centre of this space, besides a remarkable ruin, taken for that of the Tower of Belus, Mounds of vast magnitude and extent, are seen, formed of the ruins, and decomposed materials of buildings; all of which have been dug into, more or less, in search of Bricks; and have their surfaces strewed with fragments of brick, bitumen, and pottery; and are deeply furrowed by channels, made by the running off of the rain water.

One of these Mounds in particular, appears to be composed of the remains of buildings, far superior to all the rest, by the fineness of the bricks, and the goodness of the lime mortar: and the surface has on it, in addition to the substances generally found on the other Mounds, fragments of alabaster vessels, fine earthen ware, marble, and great quantities of varnished tiles. And notwithstanding that in latter times, the greatest supplies of bricks have been drawn from this Mound, they appear still to be abundant.

It is conceived that the Mound in question, contains the ruins of the Great Palace, described by Herodotus and Diodorus.

^{page 244 note *} See the accompanying Sketch.

^{page 245 note a} See the accompanying Plan of the site of the principal Remains of Babylon, by Mr. Rich: as also the Sketch of the general extent of those Remains; and of the supposed change in the course of the Euphrates.

^{page 246 note a} See again the Plan, of Babylon.

^{page 247 note a} This description of traces of buildings, occurring at intervals, appears to agree with the ancient accounts of Babylon—that the ground inclosed by the walls was only partially built on. The heaps, no doubt, are, made up of decomposed bricks, bitumen, and mortar: the whole Bricks having generally disappeared, in places where tbey were easily got at; and from the nature of the cement used, (that is, bitumen), easily separated.

^{page 248 note b} See the drawings of its four fronts, at the end of the Memoir, of Mr. Rich.

^{page 249 note a} It must certainly be taken into the Account, that the ground adjacent to this ruin must have been raised, by the matter washed down from it by the Rain; particularly on the west side. Yet the Southeast angle is still more than 140 feet above the Plain. The height of the other parts, we are not told. Much more is required to be known, concerning it.

^{page 250 note a} That is, if the River had, at the time he saw it, deviated from its straight course, through the City: or had not originally been made so.

^{page 250 note b} See the Memoir of Mr. Rich, pages 28, and 4Q. The Base must confessedly be larger now, than in its original state; and yet it is no more in circumference than 2111 English feet. Consequently, in its present state, it would give no more than 528 English feet, to the Stade; and probably, in its perfect state, less than 500. The Stade of Strabo was about 530.

^{page 252 note a} M. de Beauchamp says, “Black Stones with Inscriptions engraved on them, are also “met with,” there. One of these, a species of Jasper, so well polished, and so distinctly engraved, that it printed like a Copper Plate, was sent home by Sir Harford Jones. It is in the Possession of Sir Hugh Inglis.

^{page 253 note a} The present course of the Euphrates, through the Ruins, is Southwardly. It is rot known whether Mr. Rich allowed the Variation of the Magnetic Needle in his Plan. This may be about 9 or 10 degrees, westerly, in that quarter. So that, if it be not allowed, the North of the Plan must be reckoned N. 9½^o West.

^{page 254 note a} Signor Balbi, in his navigation down the Euphrates in 1579, found the Navigation very much impeded by the ruins of buildings fallen into the River, above Annah.

^{page 254 note b} He says that the breadth of the River varies, in its course thro' the Ruins. On the Plan, It is commonly 200 yards.

^{page 255 note a} As Mr. Rich had no opportunity of correcting the Press, it is possible that the numbers may be wrong. They evidently appear to be so, in some parts of the Memoir.

^{page 255 note b} A part, perhaps, of too great solidity for the Stream to dissolve, or to remove.

^{page 256 note a} I have seen in the Ganges, far out in the strongest part of the Stream, a building which had stood there for a great number of years; and may perhaps, be still there.

^{page 256 note b} See also the Plan of Mr. Rich.

^{page 257 note a} In a series of Maps of the Rhine, by Mr. Wiebeking of Darmstadt (1706), these Changes are admirably illustrated. It appears that the Rhine has so much varied its Course, within no great length of time, that Patches of Ground, now far removed from its banks, were known to have been Islands in its bed.

^{page 259 note a} An ancient Aqueduct of this kind occurs on the Arabian Desert.

^{page 259 note a} It has been already remarked, that Mr. Rich had no opportunity of correcting the Press.

^{page 259 note c} See the Drawings of its four fronts at the end of Mr. Rich's Book.

^{page 259 note d} A Traveller through the Desert, remarked a conical hill, with a building on if, situated at about 43 British miles to the south of Hillah. It is named Al Athy: and is probably one of the two Mounts, seen by Mr. Rich, from the top of the Mujelibé, at a great distance, (page 40. i The other is perhaps the Hill of red Gravel, seen by the same Traveller.

^{page 260 note a} On the Sketch, I have placed the Birs according to M. Niebuhr's Bearing from Hilteh; which is West, 27½ degrees Southerly. Mr. Rich reckons it Southwest; in which case, it would be no less than 9½ miles from the Mujelibé.

Mr. Rich has made an Observation respecting an Appendage to the Nimroud Birs, which is common also to two other Structures in the same Quarter. He says, page 38, “at a“trifling distance from the Birs, and parallel with its eastern face, is a Mound, not inferior to “the Kasr, in elevation, but much longer than it is broad.” Al Heimar, which bears on a smaller Scale, some resemblance to the Birs; and Alerkouf, a ruin in the quarter of Bagdad; have similar dependent Mounds, (p. 41, and 55.) None is mentioned at the Mujelibé.