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XIX. Of the Wisdom of the Antient Egyptians; a Discourse concerning their Arts, their Sciences, and their Learning: their Laws, their Government, and their Religion. With occasional Reflections upon the State of Learning among the Jews; and some other Nations

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Extract

The progress made by the antient Egyptians in Arts and Sciences, beyond other nations their contemporaries, has been much insisted on by various writers, and by some chiefly with a view to depreciate the characters of Moses and the Israelites. But a very ingenious writer, the late Robert Wood, esq; in a posthumous work of his, lately published [a], has given his opinion, and some reasons for it, that “the high “compliments which have been so long paid to the knowledge “and wisdom of the antient Egyptians have not been so well “founded as is generally imagined.”

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Research Article
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Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1777

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References

page 212 note [a] An essay on the original genius and writings of Homer, 4to. 1775.

page 213 note [b] P. 118.

page 213 note [c] 8vo. 1726.

page 213 note [d] P. 108.

page 213 note [e] Chron. Canon. Saec. 9.

page 213 note [f] De Legib. Hebraeor. l. iii.

page 214 note [g] Mr. Herbert, of Cheshunt.

page 214 note [h] Nat. hist. of the earth, p. 55. and 94. 2d edit.

page 217 note [i] Nat. Hist. of the Earth, part ii. p. 83. et seqq.

page 217 note [k] V. Herodot. l. ii. c. 48, 49. 60. 89. et 111. Strabo, l. xvii. p. 801. a. Ammian. Mar. l. xxii. c. 16. alios.

page 217 note [l] Nat. Hist. of the Earth, p. 85. et seqq.

page 218 note [m] Ventosa et insolens natio. Plin. de Aegyptiis in Panegyr. p. 350. a.

Aegyptii viri ventosi, furibundi, jactantes, injuriosi, atque adeo vani, &c. Fl. Vopiscus in Saturnino, p. 718.

page 218 note [n] . Herodot. l. ii. c. 121. Conf. etiam c. ii. . Philo Jud. de Agricult. 196,

I am the son of the wise, Isai. xix. II.

—Became vain in their imaginations, prosessing themselves to be wise. Rom. i. 21, 22.

page 219 note [o] Obeliscos—Antiqui reges—Diis superis in religione dicarunt. Ammian. Marcellin. l. xvii. c. 5.

page 219 note [p] Rerum naturae interpretationem Aegyptiorum opera philosophiae continent. Plin. l. xxxvi. c. 9.

page 219 note [q] Sacerdos Aegyptius ap. Tacit. Annal. l. ii. c. 60. Hermapion ap. Ammian. Marcellin. l. xvii. c. 4. et Strabo, l. xvii. p. 816. c.

page 219 note [r] . Manetho ap. Josephum contra Apion. l. i. p. 1053. d.

page 220 note [s] V. Canop. ab Ant. Lafrerio ed. Rom. 1547. et alium ap. J. J. Boissard. Antiq. Tom. vi. Tab. 6.

page 220 note [t] V. Nardium in Lucret. tab. iii. fig. 1.

page 220 note [u] V. Nard. ib. fig. 2. et alios.

page 220 note [w] Harum egregiam descriptionem concinnavit Cl. Alexandr. Strom. l. vi. p. m. 633. V. Pompam Isaicam in Marm. antiq. Romae ap. Jac. Spon. Miscell. Eruditae Antiquitat, p. 306. De et , confer Plut. de Isid. et Osir. p. 352. b.

page 221 note [x] De Deorum , v. Clem. Alexand. . l. v. p. 567. et Th. Gale. V. Cl. in Not. ad Iamb. de Myst. p. 252, 253.

page 221 note [y] Bibl. Hist. l. iii.

page 221 note [z] De Isid. et Osir.

page 221 note [a] . l. v. p. 566. et seqq.

page 221 note [b] . l. ii.

page 221 note [c] Hieroglyphica.

page 221 note [d] De Symb. Aegypt. Sapientia.

page 221 note [e] Oedip. Aegypt. et. Obelisc. Pamph.

page 222 note [f] ii. 36.

page 225 note [g] Hor. de Arte Poet.

page 225 note [h] Spaccio della Bestia triumphante, 8vo. p.….

page 226 note [i] The Newcastle coal, which is the chief fuel in London, contains in it a considerable quantity of vitriol; which, being thus, in form of smoak, buoyed up into the atmosphere, whenever there is any considerable fog, or humidity in it, this vitriolic master immediately liquifies, and so constitutes a sort of menstruum, which, hovering about, and lighting upon the bodies within its verge, fretts and erodes those that are liable to be wrought upon by it. This it is that makes the efforts we see upon our buildings; causing the iron-work to rust and shiver, the stones to moulder, and in time to fall to pieces. It is now known to be this likewise, that, along with the air in which it is dissolved, entering the lungs, contributes greatly to the coughs that are so frequent here, and is very troblesome and offensive to those persons that are phthisical, asthmatic, or labour under any indisposition of the lungs. And they suffer more from it when the fogs are the thickest, and there is the greatest quantity of this floating low and in the region of the atmosphere wherein they breathe. Nor does any thing give them the relief that a brisk wind does, by its dissipating and removing this matter. Its effects are indeed proportioned to the quantity of it. Where the houses stand thick, and the hearths are many, these effects are so much the more quick and sensible. Some of the churches built since the fire, that are in the throng and center of the city, have already suffered more from these erosions than the banqueting house at Whitehall, that is built of the very same sort of stone, and has stood three times as long. That therefore this, so noble a pile, is likely to stand firm, and a great while, is what will be reflected upon with pleasure by those that think this, of the fort, the finest piece of architecture in England. At the same time that all the well-wishers to History and Chronology cannot but greatly regret it should so unhappily fall out, that the Marmora Arundelliana and other ancient monuments brought from Greece apd Anatolia, and now reposited at Oxford, have suffered more in seventy or eighty years there, than in perhaps two thousand in the countries from whence they were first fetched. But these vitriolic salts are not so detrimental to the buildings here, as our frosts sometimes happen to be. It is known that water in freezing expands itself, taking up a sensibly greater room than before and its expansive power is so great as to force all obstacles; nor do we know any body strong enough to resist it. And therefore whenever a building is exposed to rain, and frost follows, the water that happened to light in the joyntings and intervals of the stones, in freezing, distances and enlarges them, and that which sunk into the pores bursts and shatters the stone but this more or less, answerably to the laxity and porousness of the stone, to the quantity of the water, and the depth that it penetrates. Upon this account it is that builders are so careful in covering their stone work, and securing it, as much as may be from the fall of rain. Now there falling very little rain in Egypt, and it. being besides a country so excessively hot as not to be subject to frost, it being likewise not liable to the other inconvenience, the vitriolic salts in the air; we have a very assignable reason, to say nothing of the great hardness of the stone and marble there, why their buildings have endured so long, and stood firm thorough so many ages.

page 227 note [k] . Diodor. l. i. p. 58. e.

page 228 note [l] Diodor. ibid.

page 228 note [m] . Diodor. l. i. p. 60. b.

page 229 note [n] Barbara Pyramidum fileat miracula Memphis. Martialis, l. i. Ep. 1.

page 229 note [o] Pyramides in Aegypto Regum pecuniae otiosa ac stulta ostentatio. Plinz l. xxxvi. c. 12.

page 229 note [p] Observ. l. ii. c. 42. et de Op. adm. l. i.

page 229 note [q] De Herm. Med. c. xii. p. 122.

page 229 note [r] Portentosissimum opus, l. xxxvi. c. 13.

page 229 note [s] Not. in Loc.

page 229 note [t] . l. xvii. p. 811. a.

page 230 note [u] L. xvii. p. 805, 806.

page 230 note [w] L. i. p. 43, 44.

page 230 note [x] Ap. Diodor. ib.

page 230 note [y] L. ii. c. 175.

page 230 note [z] . Diodor. l. i. p. 41. b.

page 230 note [a] Ibid.

page 230 note [b] . Diodor. l. i. p. 47. d.

page 231 note [c] . Manetho ap.Joseph. c. Apion. l. i. p. 1053. d.

page 231 note [d] Varias. Idolorum Aegyptiorum Icones exhibuerunt, J. B. Casalius, de veterib. Aegypt. ritibus; & A. Kircher, Oedipus Aegypt. Tom. iii. Synt. 17.

L. Pignorus. Mensa Isiaca.

G. Cuperus. Harpocrates.

J. Nardius. Animadv. in Lucretium.

Oct. Ferrarius. De re vestiaria. Par. ii. l. 2. c. 7.

Donatus. Roma vetus et recens.

Ol. Wormius. Museum, p. 348.

Cl. du Moulinet Cabinet de la Biolioth. de S. Genevieve, p. 7. et seqq.

Museo Cospiano, l. v.

Museo Moscardo, l. i.

page 232 note [e] Aegyptii effigies compositas venerantur. Tacit. Hist. v. 5. Conf. Porphyr. . l. iv. §. 9. p. 259. a.

page 232 note [f] Deorum Simulachra, Regum Statuae, monstrificae effigies. Plin. N. H. l. xxxvi. c. 13. p. 657. agens de Labyrintho Aegyptio. Et Lactant. Portentificas Animalium figuras colerent. De Orig. Erroris, l. ii. § 13.

page 234 note [g] Herodot. l. ii. c. 123.

page 234 note [h] Diodor. l. i. p. 82. Herodot. l. ii. c. 86. Porphyr. de Abst. l. iv. § 10. Sextus Empir. . l. iii. c. 24. p. 156. e.

page 235 note [i] L. ii. c. 86.

page 235 note [k] L. i. p. 81. et seqq.

page 236 note [l] Josephus . l. ii. c. 5. sub initio.

page 236 note [m] De Iside et Osir.

page 236 note [n] Metamorph. l. xi.

page 236 note [o] In Museo Fr. Gualdi Romae, v. J. Oiselii Thesaur. Numismat. p. 566. Tab. ii. 7. Dans le Cabinet de Ste. Genevieve. Cl. du Moulinet, p. 7.

page 236 note [p] Conser Bacchini, l. de Sistris, 4to.

page 236 note [q] Patrio vocat agmina Sistro. Aeneid. viii.

page 236 note [r] Sistra jubentia luctus. Lucan. l. viii. p. 210. a.

page 237 note [s] Per tua Sistra precor— Atque mox

Et comes in pompa corniger Apis eat.

Atque ipsa Itaco certarunt fulmina Sistro. Manilius, l. i. in fine p. 29. a.

“Sistrum sacerdotes Isidis portant.” Vet. Scholiast. in Juvenal, Sat. v. 136.

page 237 note [t] L. xvii. p. 814. c.

page 237 note [u] L. ii. c. 48.

page 237 note [x] . ib. c. 60.

page 238 note [y] Exod. xx. 2, 3.

page 238 note [z] Herodot. l. ii. c. 42.

page 238 note [a] Ibid. c. 144.

page 238 note [b] Diodor. l. i. p. 49.

page 239 note [c] Diodor. l. i. p. 76. e.

page 239 note [d] Bos in Aegypto etiam Numinis vice colitur, Apim vocant. Plin. l. viii. c. 46. p. 557. e.

page 239 note [e] Plin. l. viii. c. 46. p. 558. b. Pausan. l. vii. p. 579. d.

page 239 note [f] Plin. l. viii. c. 46.

page 239 note [g] . Herodot. l. iii. c. 27.

page 239 note [h] Ammian. Marcellin. l. xxii. c. 15. p. 260. e. Conf. Plin. l. viii. c. 48. p. 558. e. Pomp. Mela, l. i. c. 9. p. 13. d.

page 239 note [i] Plin. l. viii. c. 46. p. 558. a.

page 240 note [k] Apis populorum omnium numen est. Pomp. Mela, l. i. c. 9. 13. d.

page 240 note [l] Strabo, l. xvii. p. 812. c.

page 240 note [m] Herodot. l. ii. c. 65.

page 240 note [n] . Porphyr. de Abstin. l. iv. 155. b.

page 240 note [o] Bestias adversantes naturae colitis, multa diligentia nutrientes. Rufinus Josephi interpres. l. ii.c. Ap. p. 10. 65. b.

page 240 note [p] Porph. ibid. p. 154. e.

page 240 note [q] Herodotus, l. ii. c. 67.

page 240 note [r] Diodor. l. i. p. 74. b. . ibid. 80. a.

page 240 note [s] Herodotus, l. ii. c. 74. Minutius Fel. Oct. p. 267. Philo Bibl. ex Sanchon. ap. Euseb. Pr. l. i. c. x. Serpentes–Aegyptus alit inmumeras, ultra omnem perniciem faevientes. Ammian. Marcell. l. xxii. c. 15. p. 262. c.

page 241 note [t] Eos, qui Aspidibus mordentur, et a Crocodilis rapiuntur, felices et deo dignos arbitrantur. Rufinus Interpres Josephi, l. ii. c. Apion. p. 1065.

page 241 note [u] Diodor. l. i. p. 78. d.

page 241 note [x] Diodor. ib. p. 77. e.

page 241 note [y] Juvenal, xv. 4.

page 241 note [z] Diod. ib. 78. e. Strabo, l. xvii. 802. b. Herod. l. ii. c. 46.

page 241 note [a] Diod. ib. p. 77. e.

page 241 note [b] Gen. xlvi. 34. Conf. I. M. Dilherri Disp. Philolog. tom i. p. 110. I. C. Dieterici Antiquit. Bibl. to. i. p. 23. 136. et seqq. et Bochart. Hierozoie, l. ii. c. 53. p. 644.

page 241 note [c] Juvenal, Sat. xv. 11.

page 241 note [d] Gen. xliii. 32.

page 242 note [e] Pecus, quod Aegyptii colunt Ebraei comedunt. Onkelos ap. Dieter. ib. p. 138. Conf. etiam Bochart. l. ii.

page 242 note [f] Porph. . l. iv. p. 155. Conf. Theodoreti Orat. c. Graec. 3.

page 242 note [g] Octavius, p. 281.

page 242 note [h] Aegyptii magna pars Scarabaeos inter numina colit. Plin. l. xxx. c. 11. p. 322. e. Conf. Porph. l. c.

page 242 note [i] Minutius Fel. Oct. p. 278. Diodor. l. i. p. 80 d. Plin. l. xix. c. 6. Sex. Empir. , l. iii. p. 156. e. Plutarch, de Iside, p. 353.

page 242 note [k] Plutarch. de Iside. 380. b. Rufinus Interpres Josephi c. Apion. l. ii. p. 1065. d.

page 243 note [k] v. Salmasii Exerc. Plin. ad. Solin.

page 243 note [l] Juvenal, Sat. xv. 33.

page 243 note [m] Plutarch. de Iside, p. 380. b.

page 244 note [n] Strabo,1. xvii. p. 812, 813. Clem. Alexand. . p. 25.

page 244 note [o]. Sextus Empt. . 11. iii. p. 155. d.

page 244 note [p] L. i. p. 17. et seqq.

page 245 note [q] ibid. p. 81. b.

page 245 note [r] . Diodor. I. i. p. 74. b. Natio Aegyptiorum turpiffimas beftiarum & pecudum figuras colunt. Lactan.-Div. Inftit. l. v. c. 20. , , l. 17. p. 805. e.

page 245 note [s] Juvenal, xv. 8. Per Canem Anubin intelligit, quern canino capite effingebant, vel quemvis. alium. Lubin. in loc. De Fele Plinius, Oppidum Rhodata, in quo felis aurea pro Deo colebatur. l. vi. c. 29. p. 375.

page 245 note [t] Exod. xxxii. 4. Conf. Philon. de Vita Mosis, p. 677. c. et Selden de Dîs Syris, Synt. i. c. 4.

page 246 note [u] Exod. xx. 4, 5.

page 246 note [x] ib. v. 23. Conf. etiam Philon. de Decalogo, p. 756.

page 246 note [y] Diodor. l. i. p. 75. e.

page 246 note [z] Ευχας, Diodor. 74. c.

page 246 note [a] Piutarch. de Iside, p. 380. c.

page 246 note [b] Diodor. ib. p. 76.

page 246 note [c] . Diod. ib. p. 74, e. Conf. Herodot. l. ii. c. 65.

page 246 note [d] ibid.

page 247 note [d] . p. 76. b.

page 247 note [e] . ib.

page 247 note [f] Plutarch, de Iside, p. 359. d.

page 247 note [g] Diodor. ib. 76. a. Conf. Herodot. l. ii. c. 65.

page 247 note [h] Diodor. l. i. p. 74. c.

page 247 note [i] ibid. 74. e. et Herodot. l. ii. c. 65.

page 247 note [k] An hawk, or Ibis. Herodot. ib.

page 247 note [l] Diodor. ibid. 75. a. Conf. Pomp. Mela, l. i. c. 9. p. 13. c.

page 247 note [m] Diodor. ibid.

page 248 note [n] Diodor, ibid.

page 248 note [o] ibid.

page 248 note [p] L. ii. c. 45.

page 248 note [q] Ap. Porphyr. . l. iv. p. 94. a.

page 248 note [r] L. i. p. 79. c.

page 248 note [s] De Iside, p. 380. c.

page 248 note [t] Octavius, p. 293.

page 249 note [u] Exod. viii. 25, 26.

page 249 note [x] Bos quoque immolatur quern Egyptii Apim colunt. Tacitus, de Judaeis, Hist. l. v. c. 4. Conf. Bochart. Hierozoic. l. ii. c. 53, p. 644. c.

page 249 note [y] Ap Josephi. i. c. Apion. p. 1053. a. g.

page 249 note [z] . ibid. p. 1051. f.

page 249 note [a] G. Bosman, Voy. de Guinée, Let. xix p. 402.

page 250 note [b] G. Bosman, p. 408.

page 250 note [c] Herodot. l. ii. c. 66. Pomp. Mela, l. i.c. 9. p. 13. c.

page 250 note [d] ibid.

page 250 note [e] Diodor. l. i. p. 74. e. 76. b. Conf. Herodot.1. ii. c. 66.

page 250 note [f] Diodor. l. i. p. 17. e. Conf. Herodot. l. ii. c. 66.

page 250 note [g] Plutarch, de Iside, p. 380. c.

page 251 note [h] It may not be wholly foreign to take notice that in China they have to this day a custom not very unlike that set forth above. When they are to enter upon any undertaking of importance, they first apply to their idols, and make them promises of great oblations if they succeed, and entreat them to favour and to be auspicious to the enterprize. To find out the disposition of the idol, they cast lots before it. In case the lot proves right, all is well; but otherwise they fall foul upon the idol, traduce it, call it dog, villain, and all the ill names they can muster up. Then they cast lots again; and, if in conclusion they fall not right, they fling the idol down, whip it, beat, roast it at a fire, and use all the indignities to it that they can invent, till the lot becomes affirmative, when they speak the idol fair again, and make a feast with great offerings to it, singing, and musick. Gonçalez de Mendoça, Hist. del gran Reyno de la China, l. ii. c. 4.

page 252 note [i] Herodot. l. ii. c. 63, 64.

page 252 note [k] . ib. c. 6r.

page 252 note [l] v. Diodor. l. i. p. 78. e.

page 252 note [m] Herodot. l. ii. c. 48, 49.

page 252 note [n] Plutarch, de Iside, p. 355. e. 358. b. 365. b.

page 252 note [o] . Theodoret. Ser. iii. c. Graec. p. 51.

page 252 note [p] Quaedam etiam pudenda dictu tanquam Deos adorant. Lactant. de Justitia, l. v. p. 485. Ita quoque et Theodoret l. c.

page 253 note [q] Diodor. l. ii. p. 76. e.

page 253 note [r] L. ii. c. 47, 48, 132, &c.

page 253 note [s] Vid. Gen. xli. 8. Exod. vii. 11. Isai. xix. 3. Herodot. l. ii. c. 49.

Diodor. l. i. p. 66. d. Plutarch, de Iside, p. 366. e. Porphyr. , ap. Theodoret. Ser. iii. c. Graecos.

page 253 note [t] Conf. Kircheri Oedip. Aegypt. To. iii. Synt. 19. L. Pignorium, Cuperum, & reliquos supra allegatos.

page 253 note [u] Infantum etiam remediis ex cervice suspenduntur. Plin. l. ii. c. 28. de Scarabaeis. Conf. Salmasii Exercit. in Solin.

page 253 note [w] Grandinem quoque avertere, et Locustas precatione addicta quam de monstrant. Plin. l. xxxvii. c. 9. p. 734. c.

page 254 note [x] Oedip. Aegypt.

page 254 note [y] , &c. Herodot. l. iii. c. 29.

page 254 note [z] . ib. c, 37. & infra .

page 254 note [a] Herodot, 1, iii.

page 255 note [b] Plut. de Iside, p. 355. c. 365. c. Aelian. var. Hist. l. iv. c. 8.

page 255 note [c] Vide supra.

page 256 note [d] Lib. de Iside et Osir.

page 256 note [e] . De Iside, p. 379. e.

page 257 note [f] . Diodor. l. i. p. 65. e.

page 257 note [g] Aegyptiorum ridetis aenigmata, quod mutorum animantium formas divinis inseruerint causis, easdemque, quod species multo ture accipiant, et reliquo coeremoniarum paratu. Arnob. adv. Gentes, l. iii. p. 109.

page 257 note [h] — Accepimus Isin,—

Semideosque Canes.—Lucan. viii. 831.

page 257 note [i] —Qualia demens

Aegyptus portenta colat.—Juven. Sat. xv.

page 257 note [k] Omnigenumque Deum monstra, et latrator Anubis.

Aeneid. l. viii. 698.

page 257 note [l] Ausa jovi nostro latrantem opponere Anubin.—Propertius, L.iii. Eleo.xi, 41.

page 257 note [m] Inter sacrisiculos vanae superstitionis. Suetonius in Domit. l. i. c. i. p. 664. a.

page 258 note [n] . Dio Cass. l. li. p. 520. e.

page 258 note [o] Quae quidem eos scripsisse non sine contemtu et irrisu generis humani: arbitror. Plin. l. xxxvii. c. 9.p. 734. d.

page 258 note [p] Rom. i. 21, 22, 23.

page 259 note [q] Apologia.

page 259 note [r] Orat. ad Graecos.

page 259 note [s] Ad Autolicum.

page 259 note [t] Contra Celsum, l. i. p. 16.

page 259 note [u] . Serm. iv. p. 51.

page 259 note [x] Octavius.

page 259 note [y] Apolog. c. 6.

page 259 note [z] . Clem. Alexandr. . l. iii. c. 2. p. 216.

page 260 note [a] Templa felibus, scarabaeis, et buculis, sublimibus sunt data fastigiis; silent irrisae numinum potestates, nec livore afficiuntur ullo quod sibi comparatas animantium vilium conspiciunt sanctitates. Adv. Gent. l. i. p. 15. e.

page 260 note [b] Ezech. viii. 9, 10.

page 260 note [c] ibid. xxx. 13.

page 260 note [d] Jerem. xliii. 12, 13.

page 260 note [e] Psalm cvi. 19, 20, 21.

page 261 note [f] Contra Apion. l. i. p. 1054. c.

page 261 note [g] Honorem, Potestatem, Crocodills et Aspidibus. Rufinus Josephi interpres, c. Apion. l. ii. p. 1065. i.

page 261 note [h] . De Decalogo. p. 755.

page 261 note [i] ibid.

page 261 note [k] . ibid.

page 262 note [a] . Act. vii. 22.

page 263 note [b] Rom. i. 25. Conf. ver. 22. and 23.

page 263 note [c] . Philo. L. de Josepho, p. 562. d.

page 263 note [d] Exod. v. 12.

page 263 note [e] Isaiah xix. 19.

page 264 note [f] Isai. xix. 21.

page 264 note [g] Decalogue Praecept. i. Exod. xx. Conf. Manethon. ap. Joseph. i. e. Apior. p. 1053. a.

page 264 note [h] ib. Praecept. ii. The Jewish nation had been so exaci in their observance of this precept, and so much avoided the use of images, that none among them seem to have had any skill in imagery; nor so much as understood any thing of the art of casting of metals. Insomuch, that Solomon was obliged to send abroad for one that lived in Phoenicia, a country where imagery was as much in use as in Egypt. For the figures employed for the adorning of the temple, and the molten sea, were all cast and wrought by Hiram, the son of a Jewish widow, bred in Tyre, is not born there. I Kings, c. vii.

page 264 note [i] Deuteron. xii. 30, 31.

page 265 note [k] Ezek. xx. 18

page 265 note [l] Ibid. ver. 7. 18. Conf. Euseb. Prep. Evang. l. vii. c. 8.

page 265 note [m] Psalm cvi. 21. Conf. Philon. de Vita Mos.p.677. c.

page 265 note [n] Exod. xxxii. 8.

page 265 note [o] Ibid. ver. 32.

page 265 note [p] Numb. xix. 5. Spencer. de Legg. l. ii. c. 15. sect. 2.

page 265 note [q] Deut. xvi. 21. Vid. Spen. ib. c. 16.

page 265 note [r] Levit. xix. 26, 31.

page 265 note [s] Ezek. xliv. 20. V. Spen. ib. c. 25. sect. 2. et Philon. Jud. de Circumcis. p. 810. e.

page 266 note [t] . Diodor. l. i. p. 23. c. conf. sext. Empir. . l. iii. c.24.p.158. b.

page 266 note [u] Uti Philo Jud. de Legil. p.779. b. 780. a.

page 266 note [x] Levit. xviii. 6. 9. conf. 2Sam. xiii.12.

page 266 note [y] Deuter. xxii.5. Conf. Witfii Aegypt. l. iii. c. 14. sect. 7. et spencer, l. ii. c. 17.

page 266 note [z] Levit. xviii.3, 4.

page 267 note [a] Judaei à gentibus Sacerdotium acceperint. Epist. ad. Evagr.

page 267 note [b] 2 Chron. xiii. 9.

page 267 note [c] . Hom. 6. in Math.

page 267 note [d] De Invent. rerum, l. iv. c. 8.

page 268 note [e] De Invent. rerum, l. iv. c. 7.

page 268 note [f] Not. ad. Levit. i. 9. et xii. 3.

page 268 note [g] Sir John Marsham. Mansisse aliquas disciplinae Aegyptiacae reliquias non immerito suspicari possumus. Chronicus-Canon. ad Sec. 9. p. 149. et seqq. agens de Ebraeis.

page 268 note [h] Legem praecipue in remedium Idololatriae traditam. De Legibus Hebraeorum, l. i. c. l. sect. 2.

page 268 note [i] ib. l. ii. c. 2. et alibi.

page 268 note [k] ib. l. ii. c. 15. sect. 2. et l. ii. c. 25.

page 268 note [l] Deum ritus non paucos, inter Gentes usitatos, emandasse, tolerasse, et in Legem cultumque suum transtuliffe, Praei. vol. ii. p. 5, Differt. l.

page 269 note [m] L. iii. c. II. p. 107, 108.

page 269 note [n] Deo penè necesse esset—rituum aliquorum veterum usum iis indulgere, et llius instituta ad eorum normam et modulum accommodare, l. iii. c. II. p. 107. a.

page 269 note [o] Deus itaque ritus Aegypti plurimos splendore praesertim aliquo plebem fascinantes, Israelitis concessit conservavit, l. iii. c. 2. sect. 2. p. 16. d.

page 269 note [p] Clare patet, Aegyptios durante Mosis tempore, Religionis aeque ac Scientiae sama claruisse, l. iii. c. 2. sect. 2. p. 16. e.

page 269 note [q] Aegyptii, moribus et ingenio eleganti populus, l. iii. c. 4. sect. 2. p. 392. c.

page 269 note [r] Populo, barbaro, rudi, &c. l. iii. c. 11. p. 108. e.

page 269 note [s] Hebraei, omni pene Literatura distituti: artium humaniorum rudes, et vixquicquam supra lateres et allium Aegypti sapuisse, l. iii. c. 11. p. 108. e.

page 269 note [t] Israelitae non apud Aegyptios tantum, sed et alias e vicinia gentes, bipedum vilissimi et despicatissimi habebantur, l. iii. c. 2. sect. 2. p. 17. b.

page 270 note [u] Quasi Judaeos, simiarum ad instar, ad risum solummodo movendum natos existimarent. ib.

page 270 note [x] Eluto tam crasso ficta erat Hebraeorum Natio, et a brutorum indole tam exiguo remota intervallo. l. iii. c. l. fect. I. p. 321. a.

page 270 note [y] Exod. c. I. et seqq.

page 271 note [z] Burnet, Archaeolog. Philosoph. p. 313. a. Conf. p. 323. c.

page 271 note [a] ib. p. 195. c.

page 271 note [b] ib. p. 78. e. 193. d.

page 272 note [c] L. ii. c. 8.

page 272 note [d] Pro inquilinis, vilibus, & nullius numeri, p. 43. c.

page 272 note [e] Ignarum, hebetemque, p. 121. d.

page 273 note [f] Tardum et rude ingenium, crassam hebetemque fuisse populi istius indolem; neque rebus naturalibus contemplandis aut divinis percipiendis idoneam, p. 332. d. Conf. p. 330. a.

page 273 note [g] Prae caeteris, hujusce populi inculta & semibarbara erat conditio, p. 333. e.

page 273 note [h] Omnes antiquae gentes, saltem ex sententia nostra, sapientiae cujusdam reconditae custodes essent, p. 43.

page 273 note [i] Populus enim Aegyptius et perantiquus est, et percelebris sapientia, p. 71.

page 273 note [k] Tanta rerum divinarum et naturalium cognitio, p. 99.

page 273 note [l] Philosophorum scholam et divinioris literaturae fontem, p. 72.

page 273 note [m] Servitus non solum mores et disciplinam, sed tantum non ipsam humanitatem exuerat. Erat colluvies quaedam hominum : coetus mancipiorum ex Ergaslulis Aegyptiacis nudiusteitius eductorum, Qui nullas artes praeter latericiam : nullas literas, nullum animi culturm, possidebant, p. 333.

page 274 note [n] Quae autem apud ipsos erant scholae et academiae pristinae non tam ad Encyclopaediae studia, ut solent hodiè, formatae & compositae erant, quam ad religionis instituta, & dona prophetica imbibenda. Nulla enim gens per terrarum orbem, nullus populus, tantum abundabat Prophetis, ac viris caelesti spiritu tactis, quantum Judaei: ut ipsi folo & climati vis aliqua divina inhaesisse videretur? p. 44. a.

page 276 note [o] P. 280. 296. 325. 349.

page 277 note [p] Natural History of the Earth, Pt. 3 and 6.

page 277 note [q] Ibid. Pt. 2, 3.

page 277 note [r] Pt. 3. and 6.

page 277 note [s] Whiston's new Theory of the Earth, 8vo.

page 279 note [t] Burnet and Whiston.

page 281 note [u] L. iii. c. 2. sect, 2.

page 281 note [v] L. iii. c. 11. p. 107, 108.

page 281 note [w] L. iii. c. 2. sect. 2. p. 16, 17.

page 282 note [x] L. iii. c. 12. p. 113.

page 282 note [y] L. iii. c 11. p. 107.

page 282 note [z] Ibid. p. 107.

page 282 note [a] L. iii. c. 11. p. 106. e.

page 283 note [b] L. iii. c. 2. sect. 2.

page 284 note [c] The king having first caused him to be arrayed in royal vestures, put his own ring upon his hand, and a gold chain about his neck, made him ruler over all the land of Egypt; declaring to him, According unto thy word shall all my people be ruled; only on the throne will I be greater than thou. And he made him to ride in the second chariot; and they cried before him, and made proclamation as was usual to their princes, as they passed along, Bow the knee. Gen. xli. ver. 40 to 44.

page 284 note [d] Gen. xlv. 16 to 23.

page 284 note [e] Gen. xlvii. 6.

page 285 note [f] Gen. xlvii. 25.

page 285 note [g] Ibid. ver. 26.

page 285 note [h] Gen. xli. 55.

page 285 note [i] Ver. 39.

page 285 note [k] Ver. 38.

page 286 note [l] Differt. ii.

page 286 note [m] L. iii. c. 9.

page 286 note [n] Ibid. c. 7.

page 286 note [o] Dissert. vi. c. l. et Dissert. vii. c. 4. sect. 2. p. 390.

page 286 note [p] L. iii. c. 8.

page 286 note [q] Dissert. iii.

page 286 note [r] L. iii. c. 5.

page 287 note [s] L. iii. c. io.

page 289 note [t] Gen. xvii.

page 289 note [u] Gen. xvi. 25.

page 289 note [x] Ibid. xxv. 25, 30.

page 289 note [y] Herodot. l. ii. c. 104. Conf. Diodor. l. i.

page 289 note [z] Diodor. l. iii. 165. d.

page 289 note [a] Strabo, l. i. Ammian. Marcell. l. xxii. Dionys. , v. 689.

page 289 note [b] Ibid.

page 289 note [c] Aegyptiaca, l. iii. c. 6. b. 10.

page 289 note [d] , Ibid.

page 289 note [e] Jud. xiv. 3. & 1 Sam. xvii. 36. & xxxi. 4. Conf. Joseph, i. c. Apion.

page 289 note [f] Conf. Herodot. & Diodor. l. c.

page 290 note [g] Diser. de Guinée par les Hollandois, Pt. ii. c. 2. p. 8. & G. Bosman Deser. de Guinée, p. 472.

page 290 note [h] O Lopez, Hist. de Congo, c. 5.

page 290 note [i] De Legib. Hebr. l. i. c. 4.

page 290 note [k] Ap. Euseb. Prep. l. i. c. 10.

page 290 note [l] L. ii. c. 104.

page 290 note [m] Ap. S. Cyril, c. Julian.

page 290 note [n] Ap. Origen. l. i. p. 17.

page 290 note [o] , l. ii. c. 104.

page 291 note [p] Gen. xvii. 12.

page 291 note [q] , l. i. p. 24. c.

page 291 note [r] , Ibid.

page 291 note [s] , Serm. ad Graec. p. 6. c.

page 291 note [t] Joseph. . l. i. c. 11.

page 291 note [u] Circumcidere genitalia instituere ut diversitate noscantur. Tacitus, de Judaeis, Hist. 1 v. c. 5.

page 291 note [x] Deus—circumcisionem, in signo dedit, ut non similes essent Egyptiis. Irenaeus, adv. Haeres. 1, iii. c. 12. p. 230. Conf. l. iv. c. 30. p. 318.

page 292 note [z] Jos. v. 4, 5.

page 292 note [a] Ibid. ver. 2.

page 292 note [b] Ibid. ver. 9.

page 292 note [c] Gen. xxxiv. 14.

page 292 note [d] Jud. xiv. 3.

page 292 note [e] I Sam. xvii. 36.

page 293 note [f] Gen. xvii.

page 293 note [g] Witf. 228. a.

page 293 note [h] Serm. i. ad. Graecos, p. 6. c.

page 293 note [i] Ap. Euseb. Praep, l. iv. c. 27. Wits. 226. e.

page 293 note [k] Exod. v. et seqq.

page 294 note [m] v. Spencer. de Legib. Hebr. l. i. c 4. p. 22.

page 294 note [n] . Orig. c. Celsum, l. v. p. 265.

page 294 note [o] . l. ii.c. 37.

page 294 note [p] De Circumcis. p. 810. e.

page 294 note [q] Gen. xvii. 2.

page 295 note [r] Consuetudine quadam, citra rationem. Epiphaq, Haeres. xxxvi. 3. Marsh, 168. e.

Ils se font circoncire sans en savoir d'autre raison, si non que cest une coutume ancienne. M. de la Croix Relat. de l'Afrique, To. ii. Pt. 2. c. 3. § 3.

page 295 note [s] Exod. xxviii. 30.

page 295 note [t] L. iii. c. l. sect. l. p. 320. c.

page 295 note [u] v. Tullii, lib. de Divinatione.

page 295 note [x] Cone, Prodigies, [Praef, & p. 162, &c.]

page 296 note [y] Urim—simulacrum forte parvulum effigiem humanam referens Theraphim antiquitus appellatum, l. iii. c. 3. sect. 2. p. 331. e. Voce formata, Ibid.

page 296 note [z] Num. xxvii. 21. Conf. 1 Sam. xxviii. 6.

page 296 note [a] L. iii. c. 4. sect. 2.

page 296 note [b] Gen. xxxi. 19, 30.

page 296 note [c] Aegyptiaca, five de Aegyptiacorum Sacrorum cum Hebraicis collatione, 410. l. ii. c. 10.

page 297 note [d] L. ii. c. 10. et seqq.

page 297 note [e] L. iii. c. 12.

page 297 note [f] 2 Kings xxxiii. 24.

page 297 note [g] . Aelian. Var. Hist. l. xiv. c. 34.

page 297 note [h] L. i. p. 68. e.

page 297 note [i] Conf. Witsium, l. iii. c. 2. sect. 9.

page 298 note [k] . Aelian. l. C.

page 298 note [l] . Diodor. l. c.

page 298 note [m] Aelian. hist. var. xiv. 34.

page 299 note [n] Exerc. de Urim et Thum. ii. De recentioribus, v. I. C. Dieterici Antiq. Bibl. p. 654.

page 299 note [o] L. iii. c. 4. sect. I, 2.

page 299 note [p] L. iii. c. 3. sect. l. p. 329. c. et c. 5. sect. l. p. 401. d.

page 299 note [q] Conf. Buxtorfii exercit. de Urim, c. 2. p. 276. e.

page 299 note [r] De vita Mosis, p. 670.

page 299 note [s] Thummim dici, quia perficiunt sacerdotem magnum, qui per ea quaerit doctrinam a domino. Jonathan, ap. Buxtorf. ib. p. 279.

page 300 note [t] Ad Aegyptios tanquam primos authores referamus, l. iii. c. 4. sect. ii. P. 394.

page 300 note [u] Credamus, Israelitas illam Gemmam ab Aegyptiis mutuatos fuisse, Deumque—Pontifici Israelitico in ornamentum concessisse, &c. ibid.

page 300 note [x] Exod. xx. 4.

page 300 note [y] Deut.xv. 15, 16.

page 301 note [z] Deut. xxvii. 15.

page 301 note [a] Not. in lib. de Verit. Christ. Relig. n. m. sect. 16.

page 301 note [b] De Antiquorum Torquibus, sect. 5. p. 21.

page 301 note [c] De Hermet. Aegypt. Med. c. xii. p. 142.

page 301 note [d] Apol. ii.

page 301 note [e] Strom. l. i. et v.

page 301 note [f] Praep. l. xiii.

page 301 note [g] Contra Apion. l. ii. p. m. 1081. a. b.

page 302 note [h] Tom. iv. Serm. 7.

page 302 note [i] De Legib. Hebr. l. iii. c. i. p. 10.

page 302 note [k] . ad Graec. Serm. i. p. 10.

page 302 note [l] Vide supra.

page 302 note [m] L. iii. Dissert. ii.

page 303 note [n] Deut. xxxii. 16, 17. 1 Corinth. x. 20.

page 303 note [o] 2 Kings, xxi. 2, 3. Conf. 2. Chron. xxxvi. 14.

page 303 note [p] 2 Kings, xvii. 15.

page 303 note [q] Ver. 16 et 17.

page 303 note [r] Psalm lxxix. 6.

page 303 note [s] Jer. x. 25.

page 303 note [t] ibid.

page 305 note [t] An heathen man and a publican, Matth. xviii. 17.

page 306 note [u] Quern unquam Graecorum legimus adiisse Judaeam ad capiendum ingenii cultum : quem non in Egyptum descendisse? D. Tho. Burnet, Archaeol. c. vii. p.43.

page 306 note [x] Argumentum non obscurum Gentem istam, tunc temporis literarum nomine non claruisse. ibid.

page 306 note [y] Notum est vero in disciplinis mathematicis aut philosophicis nunquam praecelluisse hanc gentem, neque in caeterarum artium studiis, aut id genus ullo humani ingenii eximio foetu. Archaeol. p. 43. Conf. p. 195. e.

page 306 note [z] ibid. p. 44.

page 306 note [a] L. ii. contra Apion. p. 1069, e.

page 306 note [b] Vide supra.

page 307 note [c] Particularly Ezek. xl. et seqq.

page 307 note [d] I Kings vii.

page 307 note [e] Conf. 2 Kings xxiv. 14. 16.

page 307 note [f] I Kings vi. 7. 9.

page 309 note [g] Non enim circa solos Graecos discordia Legum dignoscitur: sed maxime versus Aegyptios, et plurimos alios. Joseph. contra Apion. l. ii. p. 1066. Rufino Interpreter.

page 309 note [h] . De decalogo, p. 756. a.

page 309 note [i] Prafana illic omnia quae apud nos sacra. Tacit. Hist. l. v. c. 4. de Judaeis.

page 310 note [k] . Ap. Josephum. c. Apion. I. i. p.1053. a.