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XIX. Observations on our antient Churches. By the Rev. Mr. Ledwich, F.A.S. In a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Norris, Secretary
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2012
Extract
There is great reason to apologize for offering observations on our ecclesiastical architecture, which has already been so ably discussed by many eminent members of this Society. But as a minuter attention to it, than was consistent with their more general plans, has suggested ideas different from those advanced, and presented new views of the subject, I am emboldened, through your obliging intervention, to submit them to the candour and judgement of this learned and respectable body.
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References
page 166 note [a] As is remarked by Mr. Essex; Archaeologia, vol. IV. p. 79.
page 166 note [b] Mr. Gibbon's Roman History, chap. 38.
page 167 note [c] Bed. Hist. Abb. Wirem. pag. 295. & alibi. Edd: apud XV Scriptor; pag. 62. Ric. Prior. Hagulst. pag. 290, 291.
page 168 note [d] It is probable he was a Roman, as he was taken from the monastery of St. Andrew at Rome. Cressy's Church History.
page 168 note [e] Qui erat Romæ regulariter fidem et mysteria veritatis edoctus. Bed. l. iii. c. 4.
page 168 note [f] Ecclesiam juxta Romanorum, quem semper amabat morem. Et tantum in operando studii præ amore Beati Petri. Bed. Hist. Abb. Wirem. p. 295.
page 168 note [g] Bed. l. v. c. 21.
page 169 note [h] Gregor. Turon. Hist. Franc. l. ii. c. 14.
page 169 note [i] De Roma quoque, et Italia et Francia, et de aliis terris ubicunque invenire poterat, cæementarios, &c. secum retinuerat. Ric. Hagulst. l. i. c. 5.
page 170 note [k] Codex Evangeliorum antiquissimus, &c. Biblioth. Med. Laur. tom. i. pag. 44.
page 170 note [l] See plate XIII.
page 170 note [m] Goguet sur l'origine des loix. Tom. ii. p. 251, 252.
page 171 note [m] . L. i. c. 8.
page 171 note [n] . Eustath. in Iliad. 1. Strab. l. 4. Athenæi Deip. l. 11. & Casaubon. in loco. Dio. l. 40. Val. Max. Herodian. Lactant. &c.
page 171 note [o] .
page 171 note [p] Salmas. Plin. Exerc. p. 1310, who shews Rhodiginus is much mistaken in the account of the Ciborium.
page 171 note [q] Poculi vicem et usum præbebat. Salmas. ubi supra
page 172 note [r] Li Pitture d'Ercolano, tom. ii. p. 211.
page 172 note [s] Vit. Constant. l. i. c. 8.
page 172 note [t] Wren has well observed in his Parentalia, that Orders were Hebræan, Phœnician, &c. The account of the Jewish tabernacle is a proof.
page 173 note [u] Describit prolixe Ciborium Germanus, et dictis propheticis ita conquadrare opinatur, ut fine illo, quo modo Deus operetur per altaris sacraficium salutem hominum in medio terræ non probe intelligi affirmet. Goar. Eucholog. P. 15.
page 173 note [w] Ciborium ex Pario marmore quatuor columnis, &c. De fac. ædific. p. 15.
page 173 note [x] Epist. 88. ad Theophil.
page 173 note [y] . Phot. . Silentiar. Descrip. æd. Soph.
page 174 note [z] . Meurs. Gloss.
page 174 note [a] De glor. Consess. c. 20, 21. 30. Et de Mirac. l. i. c. 72. The “sepulchrum sub analogio” of this writer, and the “Tumba in modum domunculi” of Bede, were types of the Ciborium. Mallet, who alludes to the custom of the Franks, supposes it of Scandanavian origin, but it is clearly derived from their acquaintance with Christian practices. Northern Antiq. vol. I. p. 345.
page 174 note [b] Clavem pro toto pono Ciborio—Factum est itaque Ciborium inter quatuor pilarios principales, &c. Gerv. Dorob. p. 1298.
page 174 note [c] I. p. 57.
page 174 note [d] See plate XIV.
page 175 note [e] Les Monuments de la Monarchie Franc. p. 276.
page 175 note [f] There are two round towers at Grymbald's crypt.
page 175 note [g] De Templis, p. 36, 37.
page 176 note [h] Apud Wharton. Anglia Sac. vol I. p. 75.
page 176 note [i] Strab. l. 17. Diod. Sic. l. 1. Montfaucon, tom. 2. p. 310.
page 176 note [k] Felis ob varietatem, &c. Isidem indicabat. Pignor. Mem. Is. p. 31.
page 177 note [l] . De Is et Osis. p 371. He tells us Osiris was depicted as a hawk, ibid.
page 177 note [m] Plutarch. Symp. l. 4. quæst. 5. Voss. de Idol. l. iii. c. 100.
page 177 note [n] Pignor. p. 15.
page 177 note [o] Fuit individuus Isidis comes. Pignor. p. 32, who produces an antient inscription, wherein Isis, Serapis, Anubis, and Harpocrates, are called .
page 178 note [p] Canino capite et Ieonino, et de bove et ariete. Ad Nat. l. i. c. 14.
page 178 note [q] Salmas. Plin. Exerc. p. 454.
page 178 note [r] Porphyr. De Abstinent. l. iv. § 9.
page 178 note [s] Jamque expectatur in hortis,
Aut apud Isiacæ potius sacraria lenæ. Juv. VI. 487, 488.
page 179 note [t] . Plutarch. de Isid. et Osir. p. 6. 0.
page 179 note [u] History of Music, vol. I. p. 246.
page 179 note [x] Ibid, p. 515.
page 179 note [y] A similar instance, and in point, are the vaults at Hexham, wherein are many fragments of Roman inscriptions, grotesque figures, which are true sigillaria or sigilliola, and much carved stone work. Hexham and Canterbury were Roman stations. Hutchinson's Excursion to the Lakes. p. 303—307.
page 180 note [z] Quorum studium in id magis incumbebat, ut picturas miras expriment, quam ut venustatem affectarent. Pignor. p. 7. Vitruv. l. vii. c. 5. et Not. in loco. Li Pitture d'Ercolano, tom. iii. p. 296. n. 2. and p. 312.
page 180 note [a] Italis dictas grottescas credo, quod in terra obrutis veterum ædificiorum sornicibus, quas grottas, quasi cryptas vocant, primum invenerint. Pignor. Supra.
page 180 note [b] Ten years before the Incarnation Drusus conquered and colonized the country of the Anglo-Saxons. Tacit. l. iv. c. 12. Camden and Stillingfleet.
page 180 note [c] Vix ovum ovo similius deprehendes. Fast. Dan. p. 45, 46. Mon. Dan. 92.
page 180 note [d] The popular fiction of Gathelus and Scota was very convenient for explaining these Scottish hieroglyphics.
page 181 note [e] Et ne quis Apim esse nesciret, adjectæ suerant apes aureæ plusquam trecentæ ut ex harum nomine illius intelligeretur. Huet. Dem. Evang. p. 147 edit. 8vo.
page 181 note [f] Monum. de la Monarch. Fran. p. 10. 15.
page 181 note [g] Mosheim ad Cudworth, c. iv. et Bruker, Hist. Philos. tom. i. p. 246, are ample on this subject.
page 182 note [h] . Oneiroc. l. ii. c. 44.
page 183 note [i] Bruker, tom. ii. passim. Mosheim's Ecc. History.
page 184 note [k] Montesquieu l'esprit des loix. Camden de Offic. Mareschal. Baxter. Gloss. Antiq. Rom. voce, Aurum.
page 184 note [l] Ciampini de Sac. Ædif. tom. i. p. 19.
page 184 note [m] Le lieu qui parut le plus propre sut celui ou selon l'opinion commune reitoient encore les anciens vestiges du temple d'Isis. Brouillart Hist. de l'Abbè de St. Germain, p. 4. This was A. D. 556.
page 185 note [n] Tom. ii. p. 366.
page 186 note [o] Collectanea de reb. Hib. N° 6.
page 187 note [p] Cibum mensæ suæ impositum Odinus duobus lupis distribuit, qui vocantur Geri et Freki. Itaque cum lupi cadaveribus impense delecentur, nihil usitatius Scaldis antiquis. Bartholin. de contempt. mort. p. 424.
page 187 note [q] Corvus Odino peculiariter facratus erat, ut et Deus Corvorum nominaretur. Barth. sup. p. 429. 475. A Scaldic poem in Wormius mentions the slaughter of the Danes at Vedrafiord or Waterford, probably about the time of Alfred. It is full of the fierce and bloody ideas of those northerns.
Gaudebat pugna lætus
Accipiter, ob gladiorum ludum.
Non fecit aquilam aut aprum,
Qui Irlandiam gubernavit.
Conventus fiebat ferri et clypei.
Marstanus rex jejunis.
Fiebat in Vedræ sinu
Præda data corvis.
page 188 note [r] Cave says they were written by Hilarius, A. D. 354. Hist. Liter, p. 119. Cuperi Harpocrates, p. 70.
page 188 note [s] Arcbaeologia, vol. VII. p. 409.
page 188 note [t] Antiq. Septent. p. 465. Sunt enim Runæ victoriales, fontanæ, cerevisiariæ, auxiliatrices, cordiales, arboreæ: the seventh he calls Logo Runæ.
page 189 note [u] Fabric. Cod. Pseudepig. tom. ii. p. 1007.
page 189 note [x] Ames's Typog. Antiq. by Herbert, I. p. 309.
page 189 note [y] Hutchinson's Excursion to the Lakes, p. 244.
page 189 note [z] Remains, p. 32.
page 190 note [a] Mr. Riou's Grecian Orders of Architecture.
page 190 note [b] Philostorg. l. ii. c. 5. Soz. l. ii. c. 6.
page 190 note [c] Page 83.
page 191 note [d] Cassiod. Var. p. 217, 218.
page 191 note [e] Ut antiqua in nitorem pristinum contineas, et nova simili antiquitate producas. Cassiod. supra.
page 191 note [f] “The most general forms of architecture may be comprehended under the triangle, the square and the circle; and the several parts which constitute a complete order are of a similar construction with those geometrical figures.” Kirby's Perspective of Architecture.
page 191 note [g] Ut ab opere veterum sola distet novitas fabricarum.
page 192 note [h] .
page 193 note [i] The same may be said of the strait arches in round towers, in Ireland.
page 193 note [k] Infra millesimum tertio jam fere imminente anno contigit, in universo pene terrarum orbè, præcipue tamen in Italia et Galliis innovari ecclesiarum basilicas. III. c. 4. Apud du Chesne, Hist. Francor. Scriptores, IV. p. 27, 28.
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