^{page 114 note a} I am not aware whether any author or commentator has particularly explained the meaning of the term Eeward. It was certainly something paid in addition to wages, and is of continual occurrence in the various instruments of military retainer which occur in the collection of Rymer. Thus in the letters patent addressed by King Edward the Third in 1347 to John de Coupland, who had taken King David (Bruce) of Scotland prisoner, by which that fortunate captain was raised to the rank of Banneret, with the yearly grant of five hundred pounds to maintain that dignity, and further retained to keep twenty men-at-arms in the King's service, receiving on that account another hundred pounds, it is added that he was also to receive the wages and rewards usually paid to other Bannerets of his rank being in the King's service—” Volentes et concedentes quod vadia et rewarda prsefato Johanni et hominibus suis, pro tempore quo ipsos in obsequio nostro morari contigerit, sicut aliis Banerettis de suo statu in hujusmodi obsequio nostro existentibus solvantur.”

It appears not improbable that the reward was originally an allowance made for expenditure in traveling or otherwise. In another Latin document in Bymer's collection, of the date 1443, one Rosencrans, a merchant of Cologne, is said to have served the King in many voyages and journeyings for five years, “et de suo magnanimiter expendit absque aliquo Eegardo sive recompensatione (any reward or recompence) proinde de nobis habito.”

^{page 115 note a} By the marriage treaty of Henry V. and Katharine of France, 21st May, 1420, the dower of the princess was fixed at 60,000 crowns, “two of which are of the value of an English noble.”

^{page 116 note a} A note may here be made that, among the large number of original documents relating to the occupation of France by the English, which was added to the collection of Manuscripts in the British Museum by purchase in the year 1856, there are at least sixteen in which Sir John Fastolfe is a party. They range from the year 1422 to 1436, and show him to have held commands at Meullant in Provence, at Verneuil, Honfleur, Caen, Alencon, Fresnoy le Vicomte, &c. They are preserved among the Addit. MSS. 11,481 to 11,966. An original probate copy of the will of Sir John Fastolfe, which related to his foundation of a college at Castor in Norfolk, dated in November 1459, is now the Addit. MS. 22,927. It was purchased in 1859 from the library of the late Mr. Dawson Turner, and it is accompanied by remarks in MS. by that gentleman and his son-in-law Sir Francis Palgrave. A folio cartulary of evidences concerning the manors of Castlecombe and Oxendon, A.D. 1422–35, with which Fastolfe had much to do, has also found its way into the national collection, Addit. MS. 28,206.

^{page 116 note b} Printed for the Roxburghe Club in 1860, at the expense of the late Lord Delamere, and edited by the present writer.

^{page 117 note a} See the date of this battle correctly ascertained in The Herald and Genealogist, vi. 101.

^{page 117 note b} Vol. i. chap, ccxxxviii.

^{page 117 note c} Monstrelet states that the Duke of Exeter, collecting six score soldiers, chiefly archers, fired on the populace, and succeeded in safely lodging the sieur de l'lsle Adam in the Bastille ; but not that the Duke himself took refuge in that fortress.

^{page 117 note d} This word is probably equivalent to the “howve,” or hood, of Chaucer and Piers Plouhman. See Mr. Albert Way's notes to the Promptorium Parvulorum (Camd. Soc.) p. 249, in the text of which occurs, Howe, or hure, heed-hyllynge, Tena, capedulum, sidaris. The parti-coloured hube was probably something more than a mere head-covering—a light cloak or great-coat.

^{page 118 note a} That translation is supposed to have been made by the well-known William of Wyrcestre, and it is directly stated to have been made before the death of Sir John Fastolfe in 1459, although not printed by Caxton until 1481. An accurate copy of the passage relating to Sir John Fastolfe, though familiar to many readers, may not inappropriately be here appended:—

—whiche book was translated and thystoryes openly declared, by the ordenaunce & desyre of the noble Auncyent knyght Syr Johan Fastolf of the countee of Norfolk banarette. lyvyng the age of four score yereexcercisyng the warrys in the Koyame of Fraunce and other countrees, ffor the diffence and vnyuersal welfare of bothe royames of englond and ffraunce by fourty yeres enduryng, the fayte of armes hauntyng. And in admynystryng Justice and polytique gouernaunce vnder thre kynges, that is to wete Henry the fourth. Henry the fyfthe. Henry the syxthe, And was gouernour of the duchye of Angeou and the coūtee of Mayne, Capytayn of many townys, Castellys and fortressys in the said Eoyame of ffraunce, hauyng the charge and saufgard of them dyuerse yeres. ocupyeng and rewlynge thre honderd speres and the bowes acustomed thenne, And yeldyng good acompt of the forsaid townes castellys & fortresses to the seyd kynges and to theyr lyeutenauntes, Prynces of noble recomendacion, as Johan regent of ffraunce Due of Bedforde, Thomas due of excestre, Thomas due of clarece, & othir lyeutenautes.

^{page 117 note b} Paston Letters, iii. 269.

^{page 117 note c} Archæologia, xxi. 240.

^{page 118 note a} The following is a note of the only impressions of the Privy Seals of our earlier monarchs, which appear to exist in the British Museum.

1. Edward 1. Seal 1 inch in diameter, exhibiting a shield with rounded base, bearing the arms of England, with the legend,

appended by a slip cut from the bottom of the instrument, to a writ in the form of letters patent, empowering Robert de Sales to receive into the King's peace all the men of Moray (homines de Moravid) who may choose to come in. Dated at Aberdeen, July 18, 24 Edw. I. (Cart. Harl. 43 B. 8.)

2. Edward III. Small seal, with a shield of France ancient and England quarterly, within a rich border of tracery. Legend,

appended to a document in French, “donné soubs nostre privé seal devant Calais, le sisme de Mars l'an de nostre regne de France oytisme et dengleterre vintisme premier,” being a grant of 1000 marks sterling to Jehan de Chalouns, Seignour de Arlay. (Add. Ch. 11,307.)

3. Edward III. A fragment of a larger seal than the preceding, with a shield of France and England quarterly. To an instrument dated ann. 44 of England, 31 of France. (L. F. C. iii. 19.)

4. Richard II. Seal inch in diameter. Pointed shield almost like that of the “spade guinea” of George III., bearing France ancient and England quarterly, ensigned with a crown of three fleurons. Lions couchant under the shield, each holding up an ostrich feather scrolled. Legend,

To a French domiment, dated in the 3rd year of the king. (Add. Ch. 7378. Three detached impressions of the same seal, xxxvi. 187.)

5. Henry V. A poor fragment of a seal, of which enough remains to show the shield of France modern and England. (Cart. Earl. 43 E. 39.) C. S. P.

^{page 120 note b} The word “le” is erased, probably with the intention of inserting “n're.”

^{page 121 note a} lui in MS. by error.