^{page 127 note 1} Rolls Series, 14 (ii), Political poems and songs relating to English History, composed during the period from the accession of Edw. Ill to that of Richard III, ed. Wright, Thomas, 1861; p. 221, On the Popular Discontent at the Disasters in France, written c. 1448-1449, from Cotton Rolls, ii. 23Google Scholar.

^{page 127 note 2} See, however, p. 137 for evidence of use of the swan by Edward III. Our Fellow Mr. J. L. Nevinson informs me that the palace of the kings of Portugal at Cintra contained a room painted with swans, the Sala dos Cisnes, from the time of John I (d. 1433), the son-in-law of John of Gaunt. In its present, reconstructed forms it is illus trated in pl. v (description on p. 87) of Quatro Palavras Sobre Os Pacos Reais da Vila de Sintra, by Raul Lino, Lisbon.Google Scholar I owe this reference to our Fellow Sir Thomas Kendrick.

^{page 127 note 3} PI. XL.

^{page 128 note 1} Wagner, A. R., Catalogue of English Mediaeval Rolls of Arms, 1950, p. 29.Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 2} Siege of Carlaverock, ed. Nicolas, , pp. 42–43, 249.Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 3} This seal bears the legend Chevaler Au Cing.

^{page 128 note 4} Op. cit. pp. 369-70.

^{page 128 note 5} ‘Ashmole's MSS. Dugdale G. 2’, i.e. Bodleian MS. Dugdale G. 2, see Catalogue of English Mediaeval Rolb of Arms, p. 117. The text of the original is now in many places illegible, but I have been kindly allowed by Sir William Dugdale, Bt., to examine the beautiful transcript made by his namesake and ancestor in 1636.

^{page 129 note 1} Rous Roll, ed. Courthope, 1859, no. 18 and introduction. Anne was countess of Warwick from 1449 to 1493.

^{page 129 note 2} Testamenta Vetusta, p. 153.

^{page 129 note 3} British Antiquity, 1950, p. 24.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 4} Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, 2nd ed. 1767, vol. ii, pp. 272–3.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 5} 1842, pp. 353-69.

^{page 130 note 1} Complete Peerage, vol. xii, pt. i, 1953, p. 772.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 2} Romania, xix, 1890, p. 326.Google Scholar Gaston Paris on Todd, La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne.

^{page 130 note 3} Todd, Henry Alfred, ‘La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne ou les enfants changés en cygnes’. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. iv, Baltimore, 1889.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 4} For a full discussion and bibliography see Anmerkungen zu den Kinder u. Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm, ed. Bolte, J. und Polivka, G., Leipzig, 1933, Band I, no. 49, pp. 427–34Google Scholar.

^{page 131 note 1} Ed. Oesterley, 1873.

^{page 131 note 2} G. Huet discusses the relationships and origin of these early versions in Romania, xxxiv, 1905, 206–14Google Scholar.

^{page 131 note 3} Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, tome i, Paris, 1844, p. 371.Google Scholar ‘Praeterimus denique studiose, licet id verum fuisse plurimorum astruat narratio, Cygni fabulam, unde vulgo dicitur sementivam eis fuisse originem, eo quod a vero videatur deficere talis assertio.’

^{page 131 note 4} Monuments pour servir à l'histoire des provinces de Namur, de Hainaut et de Luxembourg, recueillis et publiés pour la première fois par Le Baron de Reiffenberg, Bruxelles, 1846Google Scholar; tome iv. Division, Deuxième. Légendes Historico Poétiques. Le Chevalier au Cygne et Godefroid de Bouillon,Google Scholar tome i, Introduction.

^{page 131 note 5} , Reiffenberg, op. cit. p. 205,Google Scholar from C. Lachmann's edition, 1833, p. 387.

^{page 132 note 1} Kleinere Dichtungen Konrads von Würzburg, herausgegeben von Eduard Schröder, Berlin, 1925.Google Scholar II. ‘Der Schwanritter’, p. 38, 11. 1320-3.

von Gelre beide und (ouch) von Cleven

die grâven sint von in bekomen,

und wurden Rienecker genomen

ûz ir geslehte verre erkant.

^{page 132 note 2} Dr. Paul Adam-Even of Paris has drawn my attention to a painting of the arms of this Duke Adolf of Cleves (d. 1448), supported by a swan, in the armorial of John of Luxemburg by the herald Hainault: Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS. 6567, p. 220.

^{page 132 note 3} Mémoires d'Olivier de la Marche, pub. pour la Soc. de l'histoire de France, par Henri Beaune et d'Arbaumont, J., tome ii, 1884, pp. 341–2.Google Scholar

^{page 132 note 4} Favine, André, Le Theatre d'honneur et de chevalerie, Paris, 1620Google Scholar (English translation, Favine, A., The Theater of Honour and Knighthood, printed by Jaggard, William, London, 1623, bk. vii, chap, xi, pp. 248–57),Google Scholar gives the Swan Knight legend and the genealogy of the house of Cleves from Helias and Beatrix of Cleves, through their eldest son Thierry, count of Cleves, their second son being ‘Godfrey, Counte of Lotier’. No details are, however, given here of the foundation of the Order. Dr. Paul Ganz in his important article in the Archives Héraldiques Suisses, 1905-1906,Google Scholar ‘Die Abzeichen der Ritterorden und Turniergesellschaften’, accepts the Order of the Swan, as an order, but his data seem really to indicate a livery collar.

^{page 133 note 1} Mémoires, tome iv, pp. 161-3.

^{page 133 note 2} Ewald, W., Rheinische Siegel.Google Scholar

^{page 133 note 3} Roman, J., Inventaire des sceaux des pièces originales du cabinet des titres, Paris, 1920, no. 3258.Google Scholar

^{page 133 note 4} Bib. Nat. MS. fr. 24,182.

^{page 133 note 5} Chev. au Cygne, ed. Reiffenberg, , p. xxxiii.Google Scholar

^{page 133 note 6} , Ganz, op. cit. fig. 10.Google Scholar

^{page 133 note 7} Sir Burke, Bernard, The Book of Orders of Knighthood, 1858, p. 212Google Scholar; Count Stillfried-Rattonitz & Hänel, Das Buck vom Schwanenorden, Berlin, 1881Google Scholar.

^{page 133 note 8} Histoire de l'Ordre héréditaire du Cigne, dit I'Ordre Souverain de Cleves. Ou du Cordon d'Or, par M. le Comte de Bar, A Bâle, et se trouve A Clèves, chez Hoffman, MDCC.LXXX. The only copy I have located in this country is in the Bodleian Library.

^{page 134 note 1} Studies in Peerage and Family History, 1901, iii,Google ScholarThe Counts of Boulogne as English Lords.

^{page 134 note 2} Armorial de Sicile-Urfé, no. 2789.

^{page 134 note 3} Walford's Roll, no. 71; cf. Armorial de France composé à la fin du XII^e siècle ou au commencement du XIV^e, ed. Prinet, Max, 1920, no. 33Google Scholar.

^{page 134 note 4} d'Arcq, Douet, Collection des sceaux des archives de l'Empire, Paris, 1863-1868, no. 564Google Scholar; Demay, G., lnventaire des sceaux de la collection Clairambault, Paris, 1885-1886, no. 6336.Google Scholar I am much indebted to my friend Dr. Paul Adam-Even of Paris for help and information in regard to these examples and to my friend Baron Meurgey de Tupigny of the Archives Nationales for help in identifying and obtaining photographs of seals there.

^{page 134 note 5} , Demay, op. cit. no. 473.Google Scholar

^{page 134 note 6} d'Arcq, Douetop. cit.Google Scholar

^{page 134 note 7} , Baluze, Histoire d'Auvergne, p. xx.Google Scholar

^{page 134 note 8} d'Arcq, Douet, op. cit. no. 396.Google Scholar

^{page 134 note 9} Baluze.

^{page 135 note 1} Information from Dr. Paul Warming of Copenhagen.

^{page 135 note 2} Information from Count H. C. Zeininger.

^{page 135 note 3} The Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hall, Hubert (Rolls Series), 1896, pt. ii, pp. 753–4.Google Scholar

^{page 135 note 4} Its genealogy of the house of Blois ends with the marriage of Louis VII of France to Blanche of Castile, which took place in 1200.

^{page 135 note 5} Op. cit. p. cclvi.

^{page 135 note 6} British Birds, xvii, 1923-1924, 174–82.Google Scholar‘The Early History of the Mute Swan in England’, by Ticehurst, N. F.Google Scholar.

^{page 135 note 7} Giraldus Cambrensis, Rolls Series, vol. vii. Life of St. Remigius, c. xxix, Life of St. Hugh, c. x.

^{page 136 note 1} Round, J. H. in the Genealogist, N.S., vol. xxii, pp. 145-51 p. 134.Google Scholar

^{page 136 note 2} p. 134.

^{page 136 note 3} p. 128.

^{page 136 note 4} Flores Historiarum (Rolls Series, 95), iii, 131-2.

^{page 137 note 1} Studies in Medieval History presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke, Oxford, 1948, p. 266.Google Scholar

^{page 137 note 2} Speculum, vol. xxviii, Jan. 1953, pp. 114–27.Google Scholar

^{page 137 note 3} The Thirteenth Century, 1216-1307, Oxford, 1953, p. 515, n. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 137 note 4} Geoffrey Plantagenet (whose own mother was the daughter of Helias, count of Maine) was the stepson of Queen Melisande daughter of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, the cousin and successor of Baldwin the brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, being grandson of Ida, countess of Rethel, a sister of Eustace II of Boulogne. Rous in the Warwick Roll converts this into a direct descent.

^{page 137 note 5} Op. cit. p. 266, n. 3.

^{page 137 note 6} Froissart, Chroniques, ed. Luce, S., tome iii, pp. 37–38;Google ScholarScalacronica, ed. Maxwell, , 1907, p. 113Google Scholar; Adam of Muremuth, ed. Thompson, Maunde, 1899, pp. 155–6Google Scholar.

^{page 137 note 7} Ashmole, Elias, The Institution of the Order of the Garter, 1672, p. 185Google Scholar; Beltz, G. T., Memorials of the Order of the Garter, 1841, p. 380;Google ScholarSir Nicolas, Harris, History of the Orders of Knighthood of the British Empire, 1842, vol. ii, App. p. 7Google Scholar; quoting Roll of the Great Wardrobe from Michaelmas, 22 Ed. III to 31 Jan. 23 Ed. III; P.R.O. King's Remembrancer Office of the Exchequer E/101/391/15.

^{page 138 note 1} Since this was written our Fellow Mr. John Harvey drawn my attention to Miss Jenkins's, C. K. article in Apollo of March 1949,Google Scholar ‘Collars of SS: A Quest’, which suggests that S. is for Signus = Cygnus. I cannot here discuss this but other parts of Miss Jenkins's argument link with my own.