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III. Observations on the circumstances which occasioned the Death of Fisher, Bishop of Rochester; in a Letter from John Bruce, Esq. F.S.A. to Thomas Amyot, Esq. F.R.S., Treasurer
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 June 2012
Extract
Few men have suffered the extreme penalty of the law under circumstances more calculated to arouse general commiseration, than those which attended the death of Fisher, Bishop of Rochester. It has nevertheless happened, that whilst the most trifling circumstances relating to his illustrious companion in misfortune have been dwelt upon with great minuteness, the fall of Fisher has not been investigated with any thing like a proportionable diligence. The chief reason for this marked difference may be found, I imagine, in the personal character of Sir Thomas More, compounded as it was of qualities more showy and attractive than the meek and Christian virtues of Bishop Fisher. The discrepancies and contradictions in the accounts of the proceedings against Fisher given by our best historians are so numerous, that I have thought a careful statement of the circumstances which accompanied his fall, partly derived from MSS. which do not appear to have been printed, would probably be acceptable to you, and if you think the matter of sufficient general interest to merit the attention of the Society of Antiquaries, you will oblige me by submitting the following remarks to their notice.
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References
page 61 note a The acts of parliament and other legal matters mixed up with the question seem to have confounded most of our historical writers. Many have shunned the question of Fisher's legal crime altogether; several have imagined that he was executed in pursuance of one of the acts of attainder against him, although they were merely for misprision of treason; and others have attributed his conviction to a refusal to take the oath of supremacy, which had no existence until the 1st year of Elizabeth. It would be an ungracious task to trace these errors home, or they might be assigned to names of considerable celebrity.
page 62 note b Butler's Life of Erasmus, pp. 65, 118. Erasmi Epist. p. 353. ed. Lond. 1642.
page 62 note c Harl. MS. No. 7047. p. 17, “He bad the notablest library of books in all England, two long galleries full. The books were sorted in stalls, and a register of the names of every book at the end of every stall.”
page 62 note d Eiasmi Epist. 522, 526.
page 62 note e See the Letter in the Appendix to “the Funeral Sermon of Margaret Countess of Richmond.” Ed. 170S, p. 41.
page 63 note f Apol. Pol. p. 95, quoted in Lingard's Hist, of England, vol. vi. p. 274. Second edit.
page 63 note g Erasmi Epist. p. 96, 515, 516.
page 63 note h Lord Herbert, p. 40.
page 63 note i Cott. MS. Vitellius, B, iv. fol. 111.
page 63 note k p. 193.
page 63 note l Hall, p. 758, edit. 1809.
page 64 note m Hall, p. 803. His account is taken from the Act of Parliament by which she was attainted.
page 65 note n Roper's More, Appendix, p. 106. Singer's edit.
page 65 note o Ibid.
page 65 note p Hall, p. 806.
page 66 note q Cleop. E, iv. fol. 85. Burnet's Appendix, vol. i. p. 123.
page 67 note r Stat. 25 Henry VIII. cap. 12.
page 67 note s Vespasian, F. xm. fol. 154 b.
page 67 note t Appendix, I.
page 67 note u The compiler of the Cott. Catalogue appears to have had some doubt as to this letter. I imagine it is indisputable that the signature is that of Fisher, and the body of the letter agrees in the character of the hand-writing with other documents signed by Fisher.
page 68 note x Cleopatra E. vi. fol. 161. Appendix, II.
page 68 note y Book of the Church, vol. ii. p. 43.
page 68 note z Lords', Journals, i. p. 68.Google Scholar
page 69 note a Cleopatra, E. vi. fol. 166. Collier's Eccles. Hist. ii. p. 87.
page 69 note b Lords', Journals, i. p. 69.Google Scholar
page 69 note c Cleopatra, E. vi. fol. 162. Appendix, III.
page 69 note d Roper's More, p. 68.
page 69 note e Burnet, vol. i. p. 345.
page 70 note f Lords', Journals, i. p. 72.Google Scholar
page 70 note g p. 63, Singer's edit.
page 70 note h Journals, i. p. 74, 76, 77, 78.
page 70 note i Appendix, III.
page 71 note k Stat. 26 Hen. VIII. cap. 2. Lords', Journals, i. 812Google Scholar.
page 71 note l Strype's Cranmer, p. 26. Roper's More, p. 122.
page 72 note m Cleopatra, E. vi. fol. 181, Strype's Cranmer, Appendix, p. 14.
page 72 note n Cleopatra, E. vi. fol. 165. Strype's Cranmer, Appendix, p. 13.
page 73 note o Roper's More, p. 74.
page 73 note p 26 Henry VIII. cap. 2.
page 74 note q 26 Henry VIII. cap. I.
page 74 note r ibid. cap. 13.
page 74 note s Appendix, VI.
page 75 note t Howell' s State Trials, vol. i. p. 401.
page 75 note u Authentic edit, of the Stats, vol. iii. p. 527.
page 75 note x Strype's Cranmer, p. 13, Appendix.
page 75 note y Bayley's Hist. Tower, vol. i. p. 136.
page 75 note z Appendix, IV.
page 76 note a Cott. MSS. Titus, B. I. fol. 155.
page 76 note b Appendix, IV.
page 76 note c ibid.
page 76 note d The charge for the “bord-wages” of Sir Thomas More and his Servant was fifteen shillings per week, to pay which his wife states, in a letter to Cromwell, that she had been “compelled of verey necessyte to sell part of her apparell for lack of other substance to make money of.” Howard's Collection of Letters, 4to. 1753, p. 271.
page 76 note e Herbert's Henry VIII. p. 566.
page 76 note f Had. MS. No. 7047, p. 207.
page 76 note g Ibid. p. 16.
page 77 note h Harl. MS. No. 7047, p. 17.
page 77 note i Ibid. p. 21.
page 77 note k Ibid. p. 15 b.
page 77 note l Appendix, VI.
page 77 note m Hist, of Henry VIII. vol. ii. p. 382, 390.
page 77 note n Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. vol. ii. p, 204. More's Life of More, Hunter's edit, p, 260. State Papers, vol. i. p. 434.
page 77 note o Appendix, VI.
page 78 note p Harl. MS. No. 7028, p. 111.
page 78 note q ibid. No. 7030, p. 230.
page 80 note r Appendix, No. VI. This document is copied from the original in the handwriting of John Ap Rice, the notary who was present at the examination. It is signed by Fisher at the bottom of every page, and it will be remarked that he still used his episcopal title, although by the Act of the 26th Henry VIII. cap. 22, he had been deprived of his see from the 2d of January preceding. This examination is a document of some interest, and will be found to be my authority for many of the facts I have stated. Annexed to one of Fisher's Letters (Cleopatra, E. vi. p. 172) is a series of answers to another set of interrogatories, all written by the Bishop himself in Latin. They seem to have reference chiefly to the authorship of some works respecting the divorce; the handwriting, however, is to me so nearly illegible, that I have been able to acquire but a scanty knowledge of their contents. In early life Fisher was noted for the neatness of his writing, and some of his later letters are intelligible enough; but this document was written, I suppose, during his sickness and imprisonment, which may account for its illegibility.
page 80 note s P. 431.
page 80 note t ibid. p. 432.
page 81 note u Roper, p. 80. Roper does not mention the precise day; but it is clear that it was immediately after the second visit of the Lords of the Council to examine Fisher and More as to the Supremacy; and that appears, from Letters XI. and XII. in Roper's Appendix, to have been two or three days after the 4th of May.
page 82 note x Turner's Henry VIII. vol. ii. p. 387, 2d. edit.
page 82 note z Lord Herbert, p. 392.
page 83 note z No.V.
page 84 note a Cleopatra, E. vi. fol. 204.
page 85 note b Turner's Henry VIII vol. ii. p. 387; 2d edition.
page 85 note c Herbert, p. 393.
page 85 note d Wharton's Anglia Sac, vol. i. p. 383.
page 85 note e Harl. MS. No. 7047, p. 21.
page 85 note f It was known before the date of the document VI. in the Appendix.
page 86 note g Appendix VI.
page 86 note h p. 817, edit. 1809.
page 86 note i Poli Apolog. ad Carolum, p. 96.
page 87 note k Life of Fisher, p. 210.
page 87 note l Fuller's, Church History, p. 205.Google Scholar
page 87 note m Newcourt's, Repertorium, vol. i. p. 529.Google Scholar
page 87 note n Life of Fisher, p. 213.
page 87 note o Dodd's, Church History, vol. i. p. 161.Google Scholar
page 88 note p Life of Fisher, p. 212.
page 88 note q Cott. MS. Titus, B. I. fol. 535.
page 88 note r Harl. MS. No. 7047, p. 16 b.