Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T00:16:55.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lipid composition of Mytilus edulis reared on organic waste from a Gadus morhua aquaculture facility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2011

Adrianus Both ,
Christopher C. Parrish ,
Randy W. Penney  and
Raymond J. Thompson
Adrianus Both*
Affiliation:
Ocean Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7 Canada
Christopher C. Parrish
Affiliation:
Ocean Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7 Canada
Randy W. Penney
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Science, Oceans, and Environment Branch, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Raymond J. Thompson
Affiliation:
Ocean Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7 Canada
*
a Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine biochemical changes occurring in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) fed effluent from an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) aquaculture facility over a period of ten weeks, compared to those in mussels fed a commercial shellfish diet and those supplied only filtered seawater. The total lipid and fatty acid content (mg g-1 wet weight) significantly decreased for mussels fed effluent during the experiment. The only change in the lipid class composition (% total lipid) at the end of the experiment was a significant increase in the proportion of acetone mobile polar lipids. There were several significant changes in the fatty acid composition (% total fatty acid) including an increase in the proportion of 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6, 20:4ω6, 21:5ω3 and the dienoic non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids 20:2a and 22:2b and significant decreases in the proportions of 16:0, 18:4ω3 and 20:5ω3. The increase in non-methylene interrupted dienes suggests that the amount of essential fatty acids in the effluent may be insufficient for optimal mussel growth. The presence of the terrestrial plant marker 18:2ω6 in both the fish feed and the effluent and its increased proportion in mussels fed effluent suggest that this fatty acid may have potential as a marker for aquaculture wastes.

Keywords

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)CodMusselsLipid classesFatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 24 , Issue 3: Physiomar10 , July 2011 , pp. 295 - 301
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alkanani, T., Parrish, C.C, Thompson, R.J., McKenzie, C.H., 2007, Role of fatty acids in cultured mussels, Mytilus edulis, grown in Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 348, 33–45. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlaine, G., Rosenthal, H., 1995, Aquaculture in the next century: opportunities for growth, challenges for stability. World Aquac. Soc. Mag. 26, 21–25. Google Scholar
Chopin, T.R., Buschmann, A.H., Halling, C., Troell, M., Kautsky, N., Neori, A., Kraemer, G.P., Zertuche-Gonzalez, J.A., Yarish, C., Neefus, C., 2001, Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key towards sustainability. J. Phycol. 37, 975–986. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa-Pierce B.A., 1996, Environmental impact of nutrients from aquaculture: towards the evolution of sustainable aquaculture systems. In: Baird J., Beveridge M., Kelly L., Muir J. (Eds.), Aquaculture and Water Resource Management, Blackwell, pp. 81–109.
Fernandez-Jover, D., Jimenez, J.A.L., Sanchez-Jerez, P.S., Bayle-Sempere, J., Casalduero, F.G., Lopez, F.J.M., Dempster, T., 2007, Changes in body condition and fatty acid composition of wild Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneaus Steindachner, 1868) associated to sea cage fish farms. Mar. Environ. Res. 63, 1–18. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G.H., 1957, A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J.Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509. Google Scholar
Hawkins, A.J.S., Salkeld, P.N., Bayne, B.L., Gnaiger, E., Lowe, D.M., 1985, Feeding and resource allocation in the mussel Mytilus edulis: evidence for time averaged optimization. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 20, 273–287. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irazu, C.E., Pollero, R.J., Brenner, R.R., 1984, Occurence of 22:2 nonmethylene interrupted dienoic fatty acid and its seasonal distribution among lipids and tissues of the fresh water bivalve Diplodon delodontus from an isolated environment. Lipids 19, 649–655. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M.A., Parrish, C.C., Shahidi, F., 2006, Effects of environmental characteristics of aquaculture sites on the quality of cultivated Newfoundland blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Food Chem. 54, 2236–2241. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klingensmith, J.S., 1982, Distribution of methylene and non methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids in polar lipids and triacylglycerols of selected tissue of the hard-shell clam (Mercenaria mercenaria). Lipids 17, 976–981. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H., Troell, M., 2000, Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405, 1017–1024. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parrish C.C., 1999, Determination of total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acids in aquatic samples. In: Arts M., Wainman B. (Eds), Lipids in freshwater ecosystems. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 4–20.
Pirini, M., Manuzzi, M.P., Pagliarani, A., Trombetti, F., Borgatti, A., Ventrella, V., 2007, Changes in fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk) fed on microalgae and wheat germ diets. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 147, 616–626. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pond, D.W., Bell, M.V., Dixon, D.R., Fallick, A.E., Segonzac, M., Sargent, J.R., 1998, Stable-carbon-isotope composition of fatty acids in hydrothermal vent mussels containing methano-trophic and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 370–375. Google ScholarPubMed
Prato, E., Danieli, A., Maffia, M., Biandolino, F., 2010, Lipid and fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis cultured in the Mar Grande Taranto (Southern Italy): Feeding strategies and trophic relationships. Zool. Stud. 49, 211–219. Google Scholar
Redmond, K.J., Magnesen, T., Hansen, P.K., Strand, Ø., Meier, S., 2010, Stable isotopes and fatty acids as tracers of the assimilation of salmon fish feed in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Aquaculure 298, 202–210. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid G.K., Robinson S.M.C., Chopin T.R., Mullen J., Lander T., Sawhney M., MacDonald B.A., Haya K., Burridge L., Page F., Ridler N., Boyne-Travis S., Sewester J., Marvin R., Szmerda M., Powell E., 2008a, Recent developments and challenges for open-water, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Bull. Aquac. Assoc. Can. 12.
Reid, G.K., Liutkus, M., Robinson, S.M.C., Chopin, T.R., Blair, T., Lander, T., Mullen, J., Page, F., Moccia, R.D., 2008b, A review of the biophysical properties of salmonid faeces: implications for aquaculture waste dispersal models and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. Aquac. Res. 40, 1–17. Google Scholar
Ridler, N., Wowchuk, M., Robinson, B., Barrington, K., Chopin, T.R., Robinson, S.M.C., Page, F., Reid, G., Szemerda, M., Sewuster, J., Boyne-Travis, S., 2007, Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA): a potential strategic choice for farmers. Aquac. Econ. Manage. 11, 99–110. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, J., Angel, A., Farkas, J., 1974, Metabolic fate of leucine: a significant sterol precursor in adipose tissue and muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 226, 411–418. Google Scholar
Skog, T., Hylland, K., Torstensen, B., Berntssen, M., 2003, Salmon farming affects the fatty acid composition and taste of wild saithe Pollachius virens L. Aquac. Res. 34, 999–1007. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorgeloos, P., 1999, Challenges and opportunities for aquaculture research and development in the next century. World Aquac. Mag. 30, 11–15. Google Scholar
Stirling, H.P., Okumus, I., 1995, Growth and production of mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) suspended at salmon cages and shellfish farms in two Scottish sea lochs. Aquaculture 134, 193–210. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhukova, N.V., 1991, The pathway of the biosynthesis of non methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids in molluscs. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 100, 801–804. CrossRefGoogle Scholar