The European catfish Silurus glanis has been cultivated in extensive ponds in central and Eastern Europe in association with carps for more than 100 years. The total production of S. glanis in aquaculture from ten European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, France, Hungary, Greece, Macedonia, Poland, Czech Republic and Romania) was 602 t in 1993 and presently is about 2000 t. Production is increasingly from intensive pond culture or in heated/geothermal waters. The flesh is white, boneless, easy to prepare, and low in fat (6 to 8%). The taste is mild but is subject to off-flavour. The fish are filleted (yields about 40% without skin) and the flesh is cut into steaks or smoked). During the last 10 years, research in Czech Republic, France and other European countries have developed technologies for artificial reproduction, evaluated population genetics and addressed problems of conservation. Growth is higher in males and research is in progress to produce triploids fish. While propagation techniques have progressed, production remains low and the cost of production is still high. Thus availability is low and the product remains poorly known.