Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T09:43:06.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The development of phonemic awareness in reading-disabled children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 1999

Jamie L. Metsala*
Affiliation:
University of Maryland
*
Jamie L. Metsala, Department of Human Development, 3304 Benjamin Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-1131.

Abstract

Reading-disabled children display a phonemic awareness deficit when compared with normally achieving children matched for word reading ability. However, previous research has not examined phonemic awareness deficits in reading-disabled children when compared with children matched on pseudoword reading. This article examines phonemic awareness ability in both a traditional design and a pseudoword reading level match design. The results show that a group of reading-disabled children who show typical pseudoword reading and phonemic awareness deficits in the traditional reading level match design nonetheless have phonemic awareness skills commensurate with their level of pseudoword reading ability.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baddely, A. D., Logie, R. H., & Ellis, N. C. (1988). Characteristics of developmental dyslexia. Cognition, 29, 197228.Google Scholar
Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1983). Categorizing sounds and learning to read: A causal connection. Nature, 301, 419421.Google Scholar
Bruck, M. (1992). Persistence of dyslexics’ phonological awareness deficits. Developmental Psychology, 28, 874886.Google Scholar
Bruck, M., & Treiman, R. (1990). Phonological awareness and spelling in normal children and dyslexics: The case of initial consonant clusters. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 156178.Google Scholar
Cunningham, A. E. (1990). Explicit versus implicit instruction in phoneme awareness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 429444.Google Scholar
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Ehri, L. C. (1984). How orthography alters spoken language competencies in children learning to read and spell. In Downing, J. & Valtin, R. (Eds.), Language awareness and learning to read (pp. 119147). New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Ehri, L. C. (1985). Effects, of printed language acquisition on speech. In Olson, D., Torrance, N., & Hildyard, A. (Eds.), Literacy, language, and learning (pp. 333367). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ehri, L. C., Wilce, L., & Taylor, B. B. (1987). Children's categorization of short vowels in words and the influence of spellings. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 393421.Google Scholar
Elbro, C., Nielsen, I., & Peterson, D. K. (1994). Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in nonword reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 205226.Google Scholar
Fox, R., & Routh, D. K. (1983). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word-attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 10591064.Google Scholar
Goswami, U., & Bryant, P. (1988). The interpretation of studies using the reading level design. Journal of Reading Behavior, 21, 413424.Google Scholar
Holligan, C., & Johnston, R. S. (1989). The use of phonological information by good and poor readers in memory and reading tasks. Memory & Cognition, 16, 522532.Google Scholar
Ijzendoorn, M., & Bus, A. (1994). Meta-analytic confirmation of the nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia. Reading Research Quarterly, 29, 266275.Google Scholar
Jackson, N. E., & Butterfield, E. C. (1989). Reading-level match designs: Myths and realities. Journal of Reading Behavior, 21, 413424.Google Scholar
Jastak, S., & Wilkinson, G. S. (1984). The Wide Range Achievement Test–Revised. Wilmington, DE: Jastek Associates.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F., & Share, D. (1983). Phonological recoding and reading acquisition. Applied Psycholinguistics, 4, 103147.Google Scholar
Landerl, K., Frith, U., & Wimmer, H. (1996). Intrusion of orthographic knowledge on phoneme awareness: Strong in normal readers, weak in dyslexic readers. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17, 114.Google Scholar
Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Peterson, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263284.Google Scholar
Metsala, J. L. (1997). Spoken word recognition in reading disabled children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 159169.Google Scholar
Morais, J. (1991). Constraints on the development of phonemic awareness. In Brady, S. & Shankweiler, D. (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabel Liberman. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Olson, R. K., Kliegel, R., Davidson, B. J., & Foltz, G. (1985). Individual differences and developmental differences in reading disability. In MacKinnon, G. E. & Waller, T. G. (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 4, pp. 164). New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Perfetti, C. A., Beck, I., Bell, L., & Hughes, C. (1987). Phonemic knowledge and learning to read are reciprocal: A longitudinal study of first grade children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 283319.Google Scholar
Pratt, A. C., & Brady, S. (1988). Relation of phonological awareness to reading disability in children and adults. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 319323.Google Scholar
Rack, J. P., Snowling, M. J., & Olson, R. K. (1992). The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review. Reading Research Quarterly, 27, 2953.Google Scholar
Share, D. L. (1995). Phonological recoding and self-teaching; Sine qua non of reading acquisition. Cognition, 55, 151218.Google Scholar
Share, D. L., & Stanovich, K. E. (1995). Cognitive processes in early reading development: Accommodating individual differences into a model of acquisition. In Carlson, J. S. (Ed.), Issues in education: Contributions from educational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 157). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Siegel, L. S., & Ryan, E. B. (1988). Development of grammatical-sensitivity, phonological, and short-term memory skills in normally achieving and learning disabled children. Developmental Psychology, 24, 2837.Google Scholar
Siegel, L. S., Share, D., & Geva, E. (1995). Evidence for superior orthographic skills in dyslexics. Psychological Science, 6, 250254.Google Scholar
Snowling, M., Goulandris, N., & Defty, N. (1998). Development and variation in developmental dyslexia. In Hulme, C. & Joshi, R. M. (Eds.), Reading and spelling: Development and disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C. (1994). The development of phonological skills. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 346, 2127.Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. (1988). Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: The phonological-core variable-difference model. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, 590612.Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E., & Siegel, L. S. (1994). Phenotypic performance profile of reading-disabled children: A test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 2453.Google Scholar
Vellutino, F. R., & Scanlon, D. M. (1989). Some prerequisites for interpreting results from reading level matched designs. Journal of Reading Behavior, 21, 361385.Google Scholar
Woodcock, R. W. (1987). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests–Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar