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Vocabulary size and native speaker self-identification influence flexibility in linguistic prediction among adult bilinguals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2018

RYAN E. PETERS ,
THERES GRÜTER  and
ARIELLE BOROVSKY
RYAN E. PETERS*
Affiliation:
Purdue University
THERES GRÜTER
Affiliation:
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
ARIELLE BOROVSKY
Affiliation:
Purdue University
*
*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE
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Abstract

When language users predict upcoming speech, they generate pluralistic expectations, weighted by likelihood (Kuperberg & Jaeger, 2016). Many variables influence the prediction of highly likely sentential outcomes, but less is known regarding variables affecting the prediction of less-likely outcomes. Here we explore how English vocabulary size and self-identification as a native speaker (NS) of English modulate adult bi-/multilinguals’ preactivation of less-likely sentential outcomes in two visual-world experiments. Participants heard transitive sentences containing an agent, action, and theme (The pirate chases the ship) while viewing four referents varying in expectancy by relation to the agent and action. In Experiment 1 (N=70), spoken themes referred to highly expected items (e.g., ship). Results indicate lower skill (smaller vocabulary size) and less confident (not identifying as NS) bi-/multilinguals activate less-likely action-related referents more than their higher skill/confidence peers. In Experiment 2 (N=65), themes were one of two less-likely items (The pirate chases the bone/cat). Results approaching significance indicate an opposite but similar size effect: higher skill/confidence listeners activate less-likely action-related (e.g., bone) referents slightly more than lower skill/confidence listeners. Results across experiments suggest higher skill/confidence participants more flexibly modulate their linguistic predictions per the demands of the task, with similar but not identical patterns emerging when bi-/multilinguals are grouped by self-ascribed NS status versus vocabulary size.

Keywords

bilingualismeye trackinglocal coherencepredictionsentence comprehension
Type
Original Article
Information
Applied Psycholinguistics , Volume 39 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 1439 - 1469
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

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