Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:39:30.643Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Relatives and passive object relatives in Italian-speaking children and adults: Intervention in production and comprehension

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2013

CARLA CONTEMORI*
Affiliation:
University of Siena
ADRIANA BELLETTI
Affiliation:
University of Siena
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE Carla Contemori, Interdepartmental Center of Cognitive Studies on Language, University of Siena, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

We investigate the production of relative clauses in Italian children aged 3 years, 4 months to 8 years, 10 months and in adults, focusing on object relatives (ORs). For both adults and older children, we test the production of passive ORs (PORs) as an alternative to the production of active ORs. We also test the comprehension of active ORs and PORs in older children, showing that the comprehension of the latter is significantly more accurate than the former. The persistent difficulty that children experience with ORs is interpreted as due to intervention, following Friedmann, Belletti, and Rizzi (2009). We assume Collins’ (2005) approach to passive and account for the increasing use and more accurate comprehension of PORs as a consequence of lack of intervention, as in Belletti (2009a).

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adani, F. (2011). Rethinking the acquisition of relative clauses in Italian: Towards a grammatically based account. Journal of Child Language, 38, 141165.Google Scholar
Adani, F., van der Lely, H. K. J., Forgiarini, M., & Guasti, M. T. (2010). Grammatical feature dissimilarities make relative clauses easier: A comprehension study with Italian children. Lingua, 120, 21482166.Google Scholar
Arosio, F., Adani, F., & Guasti, M. T. (2006). Processing grammatical features by Italian children. Paper presented at the 30th Boston University Conference on Language Development.Google Scholar
Arosio, F., Adani, F., & Guasti, M. T. (2009). Grammatical features in the comprehension of Italian relative clauses by children. In Brucart, J. M., Gavarrò, A., & Solà, J. (Eds.), Merging features: Computation, interpretation, and acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Arosio, F., Guasti, M. T., & Stucchi, N. A. (2010). Disambiguating information and memory resources in children's processing of Italian relative clauses. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 40, 137154.Google Scholar
Belletti, A. (2005). Extended doubling and the VP periphery. Probus, 17, 135.Google Scholar
Belletti, A. (2008). Acquisition meets comparison. In Gavarro, A. & Freitas, M. J. (Eds.), Language acquisition and development. Proceedings of GALA 2007. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Belletti, A. (2009a). Notes on passive object relatives. In Svenonius, P. (Ed.), Functional structure from top to toe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Belletti, A. (2009b). Structures and strategies. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Belletti, A. (2011). Considering the complexity of relative clauses and passive from the Italian perspective. In Ferré, S., Prévost, P., Tuller, L., & Zebib, R. (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the Romance Turn IV. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Belletti, A., & Chesi, C. (2011). Relative clauses from the input: Syntactic considerations from a corpus-based analysis of Italian. Paper presented at GLOW 34, Vienna.Google Scholar
Belletti, A., & Contemori, C. (2010). Intervention and attraction: On the production of subject and object relatives by Italian (young) children and adults. In Costa, J., Castro, A., Lobo, M., & Pratas, F. (Eds.), Language acquisition and development, 3. Proceedings of Gala 2009. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Belletti, A., Friedmann, N., Brunato, D., & Rizzi, L. (2012). Does gender make a difference? Comparing the effect of gender in Hebrew and Italian. Lingua, 122, 10531069.Google Scholar
Belletti, A., & Rizzi, L. (2010). Ways of avoiding intervention: Object relatives, passive and control. In Berwick, R. & Piattelli Palmarini, M. (Eds.), Rich grammars from a poor input. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bianchi, V. (1999). Consequences of antisymmetry: Headed relative clauses. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Bianchi, V. (2002). Headed relative clauses in generative syntax. Part I and Part II. Glot International, 6, 235247.Google Scholar
Brown, H. (1972). Children's comprehension of relativized English sentences. Child Development, 42, 19231936.Google Scholar
Cecchetto, C. (2000). Doubling structures and reconstruction. Probus, 12, 134.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2000). Minimalist inquiries. In Martin, R., Michaels, D., & Uriagereka, J. (Eds.), Step by step. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2001). Derivation by phase. In Kenstowicz, M. (Ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Collins, C. (2005). A Smuggling approach to the passive in English. Syntax, 8, 81120.Google Scholar
Contemori, C., & Garraffa, M. (2010). Comparison of modalities in SLI syntax: A study on the comprehension and production of non-canonical sentences. Lingua, 120, 19401955.Google Scholar
Contemori, C., & Marinis, T. (in press). The impact of number mismatch and passives on the real-time processing of relative clauses. Journal of Child Language.Google Scholar
Correa, L. M. S. (1995). An alternative assessment of children's comprehension of relative clauses. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 24, 183203.Google Scholar
Crain, S., Thornton, R., & Murasugi, K. (1987). Capturing the elusive passive. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Boston.Google Scholar
de Villiers, J. G., de Villiers, P. A., & Hoban, E. (1994). The central problem of functional categories in the English syntax of oral deaf children. In Tager-Flusberg, H. (Ed.), Constraints on language acquisition: Studies of atypical children (pp. 947). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
de Villiers, P. A. (1988). Assessing English syntax in hearing-impaired children: Elicited production in pragmatically motivated situations. Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 21, 4171.Google Scholar
De Vincenzi, M. (1991). Syntactic parsing strategies in Italian. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Ferreiro, E., Othenin Girard, C., Chipman, H., & Sinclair, H. (1976). How do children handle relative clauses? Archives de Fsychologie, 44, 229266.Google Scholar
Fox, D., & Grodzinsky, Y. (1998). Children's passive: A view from the by-phrase. Linguistic Inquiry, 29, 311332.Google Scholar
Friedmann, N., Belletti, A., & Rizzi, L. (2009). Relativized relatives: Types of intervention in the acquisition of A-bar dependencies, Lingua, 119, 6788.Google Scholar
Friedmann, N., & Novogrodsky, R. (2004). The acquisition of relative clause comprehension in Hebrew: A study of SLI and normal development. Journal of Child Language, 31, 661681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedmann, N., & Szterman, R. (2006). Syntactic movement in orally trained children with hearing impairment. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11, 5675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, P., Hendrick, R., & Johnson, M. (2004). Effects of noun phrase type on sentence complexity. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 97114.Google Scholar
Grillo, N. (2008). Generalized minimality: Syntactic underspecification in Broca's aphasia. Utrecht: University of Utrecht.Google Scholar
Guasti, M. T. & Cardinaletti, A. (2003). Relative clause formation in Romance child production. Probus, 15, 4748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guasti, M. T., Dubugnon, C., Hasan-Shlonsky, S., & Schnitter, M. (1996). Les relatives que nous apprenons [Relatives we learn]. Rivista di Grammatica Generativa, 21, 107128.Google Scholar
Håkansson, G., & Hansson, K. (2000). Comprehension and production of relative clauses: A comparison between Swedish impaired and unimpaired children. Journal of Child Language, 27, 313333.Google Scholar
Hyams, N., & Snyder, W. (2007). Young children never smuggle: Reflexive clitics and the universal freezing hypothesis. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles, and University of Connecticut.Google Scholar
Labelle, M. (1990). Predication, Wh-movement, and the development of relative clauses. Language Acquisition, 1, 95119.Google Scholar
Labelle, M. (1996). The acquisition of relative clauses: Movement or no movement? Language Acquisition, 7, 6582.Google Scholar
McDaniel, D., McKee, C., & Bernstein, J. (1998). How children's relatives solve a problem for minimalism. Language, 74, 308334.Google Scholar
McKee, C., McDaniel, D., & Snedeker, J. (1998). Relative children say. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27, 573596.Google Scholar
Novogrodsky, R., & Friedmann, N. (2006). The production of relative clauses in SLI: A window to the nature of the impairment. Advances in Speech–Language Pathology, 8, 364375.Google Scholar
Pérez-Leroux, A.-T. (1995). Resumptives in the acquisition of relative clauses. Language Acquisition, 4, 105138.Google Scholar
Rizzi, L. (1990). Relativized minimality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rizzi, L. (2004). Locality and the left periphery. In Belletti, A. (Ed.), Structures and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures (Vol. 3, pp. 223251). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Starke, M. (2001). Move dissolves into merge: A theory of locality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Geneva.Google Scholar
Tavakolian, S. L. (1981). The conjoined-clause analysis of relative clauses. In Tavakolian, S. L. (Ed.), Language acquisition and linguistic theory (pp. 167187). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Utzeri, I. (2007). The production and acquisition of subject and object relative clauses in Italian. Nanzan Linguistics, 3, 283314.Google Scholar
Warren, T., & Gibson, E. (2002). The influence of referential processing on sentence complexity. Cognition, 85, 79112.Google Scholar
Warren, T., & Gibson, E. (2005). Effects of NP-type on reading English clefts. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20, 751767.Google Scholar