The term ‘horse’, usually taken by the lay mind to apply only to the domesticated animal, has a much wider connotation for the zoologist, who extends it also to include the zebra, the grey African ass, and the Asiatic dziggetai which varies in colour from yellow to reddish brown. The latter derives its name (hemionus) from its appearance, which is something between that of the ass proper and of the horse proper, although actually it is not closely related to either group, and in fact is better regarded as quite independent.

The main purpose of this article is to put on record material from two collections of photographs, made by Mr O.G.S. Crawford and by the writer. As the ‘ exhibits ’ were varied and numerous, it seemed desirable to make a selection that would link up with what has already been published on the subject in ANTIQUITYpr, oducing in the process some shadow of an evolution. For any opinions that are advanced, however, the writer, and not Mr Crawford, must be held entirely responsible.

This note describes megalithic grave-monuments among the Mise tribe to the west of the Nile in Amadi District of Mongalla Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. I visited this tribe in the early part of 1927.

The megalithic monuments described are typical of Mise country. They may be found occasionally among other members of the southern group, the Oggi and Endri, but there possibl they mark the graves of Mise who have died out of their count . The Kederu have probably adopted the heaps of stones and carveTwooden posts which they and their neighbours set up over graves.

As measurements play a certain art in this article it is as well, before dealing with the pyramid of Khufu, to consider the ancient Egyptian measures.

Different values of the cubit or ell (referred to as E), are found in different sites, and in different structures of the same site and period ; but it seems quite certain that the Pyramid Age ell had a value between 20.58 and 20.6 in. In later times the variation is much wider. Opinions differ on the division of the ell, since there was also a ‘ short ell ’ of 6 palms or hands (referred to as H), whereas the normal ell was divided into 7 hands.

In a stimulating lecture recently published in ANTIQUITY (1933, VII, 410–18) Gordon Childe raises the question : is Prehistory practical ? He suggests that the disastrous social consequences of applying ethnological hypotheses based on flimsy foundations of fact are sufficient justification for insisting on the scientific study of prehistory and archaeology as an essential part of the intellectual equipment of a civilized person in our generation. Current events certainly sustain the justice of his plea. Still it may be argued that there is an even stronger reason, and one which is perhaps more durable, for asserting the claims of such studies to occupy a pivotal position in twentieth - century culture. The publication of Neugebauer‘s Vorlesungen ueber Geschichte der antiken mathematischen Wissenschaften is a timely reminder of the contribution which students of prehistory and archaeology working together can make to the solution of one of the great intellectual issues of our own time.

Archaeology in the Arctic has a charm of its own. The surroundings are unusual : the scenery is magnificent, with high, snow-clad mountains and deep fiords ; the sea is filled with icebergs or drift ice—the sun shines day and night ; seals, whales caribou, bears, sea fowl and fish are abundant; and the peo le are the small dark-haired, brown-skinned, broad-faced Eskimos, the kindest and most helpful people in the whole world.

There was certainly room for a well illustrated work, providing at once a conspectus and a review of early Maltese archaeology. Only an unusual library can supply simultaneously to the reader the Papers of the British School at Rome, three or four volumes of Archaeologia, the official reports on the excavations, Ebert’s Reallexikon, and Zammit’s Prehistoric Malta, to mention only the indispensable minimum. Even with all these the student has not enough pictorial material to enable him to visualize the whole subject.