Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:34:55.059Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Where the wild things are: aurochs and cattle in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Anthony H. Lynch
Affiliation:
*Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
Julie Hamilton
Affiliation:
*Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
Robert E.M. Hedges
Affiliation:
*Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK

Abstract

The aurochs was a type of wild cattle not extinct in Europe until the mid-second millennium BC – so they must have co-existed for centuries with the domestic cattle which were to supplant it. Here the authors use stable isotope analysis to show what form that co-existence took: the domestic cattle grazing on the pasture, and the aurochs lurking in the forests and wet places.

Type
Method
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albarella, U. 2005. Durrington Walls – excavations 2004: assessment of the animal bone assemblage. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Albarella, U. & Serjeantson, D.. 2002. A passion for pork: meat consumption at the British Late Neolithic site of Durrington Walls, in Miracle, P. & Milner, N. (ed.) Consuming passions and patterns of consumption: 3349. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
ANON. 2006. ESF05 final report. Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit.Google Scholar
Behboudian, M. H., Ma, Q., Turner, N. C. & Palta, J. A.. 2000. Discrimination against 13CO2 in leaves, pod walls, and seeds of water-stressed chickpea. Photosynthetica 38(1): 155–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, S. C., Varney, G. T. & Flanagan, L. B.. 1997. Leaf δ 13C in Pinus resinosa trees and understory plants: variation associated with light and CO2 gradients. Oecologia 109(4): 499506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloch, D., Hoffmann, C. M. & Märl Änder, B.. 2006. Impact of water supply on photosynthesis, water use and carbon isotope discrimination of sugar beet genotypes. European Journal of Agronomy 24(3): 218–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, S., Ambers, J. & Leese, M. N.. 1990. Re-evaluation of British Museum radiocarbon dates issued between 1980 and 1984.Radiocarbon 32(1): 5979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Degerbøl, M. & Fredskild, B.. 1970. The urus (Bos primigenius Bojanus) and Neolithic domesticated cattle (Bos taurus domesticus Linné) in Denmark. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter 17(1): 1234.Google Scholar
Edwards, C. J., Bollongino, R., Scheu, A., Chamberlain, A., Tresset, A., Vigne, J.-D., Baird, J. F., Larson, G., Ho, S. Y. W., Heupink, T. H., Shapiro, B., Freeman, A. R., Thomas, M. G., Arbogast, R.-M., Arndt, B., Bartosiewicz, L., Benecke, N., Budja, M., Chaix, L., Choyke, A. M., Coqueugniot, E., Döhle, H.-J., Göldner, H., Hartz, S., Helmer, D., Herzig, B., Hongo, H., Mashkour, M., Özdogan, M., Pucher, E., Roth, G., Schade-Lindig, S., Schmölcke, U., Schulting, R. J., Stephan, E., Uerpmann, H.-P., Vörös, I., Voytek, B., Bradley, D. G. & Burger, J.. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA analysis shows a Near Eastern Neolithic origin for domestic cattle and no indication of domestication of European aurochs. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B Biological Sciences 274(1616): 1377–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flexas, J. & Medrano, H.. 2002. Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Annals of Botany 89(2): 183–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gander, A., Rockmann, A., Strehler, C. & Güsewell, S.. 2003. Habitat use by Scottish Highland cattle in a lakeshore wetland. Bulletin of the Geobotanical Institute ETH [Zürich] 69: 316.Google Scholar
Glass, H. J. 1999. Archaeology of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. Archaeologia Cantiana 119: 189220.Google Scholar
Grigson, C. & Smith, I.. 1985. Neolithic pottery and the horncore of an aurochs (Bos primigenius) from Corhampton, Hampshire. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society 41: 63–8.Google Scholar
Hall, S.J.G. 1988. Chillingham Park and its herd of white cattle: relationships between vegetation classes and patterns of range use. Journal of Applied Ecology 25(3): 777–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton-Dyer, S. 1996. The animal bones, in L. Howell & T. Durden ‘A Grooved-Ware pit of the Seven Barrows all weather gallop, Sparsholt, Oxfordshire.Oxoniensia 61: 22–3.Google Scholar
Hanba, Y. T., Mori, S., Lei, T. T., Koike, T. & Wada, E.. 1997. Variations in leaf δ 13C along a vertical profile of irradiance in a temperate Japanese forest. Oecologia 110(2): 253–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harcourt, R. A. 1979. The animal bones, in Wainwright, G. J. (ed.) Mount Pleasant, Dorset: excavations 1970-1971 (Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 37): 214–23. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.Google Scholar
Hartley, B. R. 1960. The Roman fort at Bainbridge: excavations of 1957-9. Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society (Literary and Historical Section) 9(3): 107–31.Google Scholar
Hedges, R.E.M., Stevens, R. E. & Richards, M. P.. 2004. Bone as a stable isotope archive for local climatic information. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(7-8): 959–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinman, M. 1999. Ritual activity at the foot of the Gog Magog Hills, Cambridge. Unpublished report, Cambridgeshire County Council, Archaeological Field Unit.Google Scholar
Jensen, K. B., Asay, K. H., Johnson, D. A. & Waldron, B. L.. 2004. Carbon isotope discrimination of tall fescue cultivars across an irrigation gradient. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84(1): 157–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohler, F., Gillet, F., Reust, S., Wagner, H. H., Gadallah, F., Gobat, J.-M. & Buttler, A.. 2006. Spatial and seasonal patterns of cattle habitat use in a mountain wooded pasture. Landscape Ecology 21(2): 281–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitan, B. M. 1990. The non-human vertebrate remains, in Saville, A. (ed.) Hazleton North: the excavation of a Neolithic long cairn of the Cotswold-Severn group (Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England Archaeological Report 13): 199214. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Levitan, B. M. & Smart, P. L.. 1989. Charterhouse Warren Farm Swallet, Mendip, Somerset: radiocarbon dating evidence. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 18(3): 390–4.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. 2000. Upwards at 45 degrees: the use of vertical caves during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age on Mendip, Somerset. Capra 2 available at http://capra.group.shef.ac.uk/2/upwards.html. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.Google Scholar
Lord, T. C. 1994. An interim report on the discovery of post glacial adult and juvenile aurochs, Bos primigenius Bojanus, in a cave shaft on the limestone uplands of Craven in the Yorkshire Dales. Settle: Lower Winskill Archaeology & Arts Centre.Google Scholar
Noe-Nygaard, N., Price, T. D. & Hede, S. U.. 2005. Diet of aurochs and early cattle in southern Scandinavia: evidence from 15N and 13C stable isotopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(6): 855–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, M. 1998. Palaeodietary studies of European human populations using stable isotopes. Unpublished DPhil dissertation, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Ripper, S. 2004. Bodies, burnt mounds and bridges: a riverine landscape at Watermead Country Park, Birstall, Leicestershire (ULAS Report 2004-048). Leicester: University of Leicester Archaeological Services.Google Scholar
Rodière, E., Bocherens, H., Angibault, J.-M.Mariotti, A.. 1996. Isotopic particularities of nitrogen in roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus L): implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Comptes rendus de l'Académie de Sciences – série IIa: sciences de la terre et des planètes 323(2): 179–85.Google Scholar
Saville, A. 1990. Hazleton North, Gloucestershire, 1979-82: the excavation of a Neolithic long cairn of the Cotswold-Severn group (Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England Archaeological Report 13): 199214. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Schnyder, H., Schwertl, M., Auerswald, K. & Schäufele, R.. 2006. Hair of grazing cattle provides an integrated measure of the effects of site conditions and interannual weather variability on δ 13C of temperature humid grassland. Global Change Biology 12(7): 1315–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, R. E., Lister, A. M. & Hedges, R.E.M.. 2006. Predicting diet, trophic level and palaeoecology from bone stable isotope analysis: a comparative study of five red deer populations. Oecologia 149(1): 1221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J. 1996. Time, place and tradition: Mount Pleasant, in Thomas, J. (ed.) Time, culture and identity: an interpretive archaeology: 183233. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Van Vuure, C. 2005. Retracing the aurochs: history, morphology and ecology of an extinct wild ox. Sofia & Moscow: Pensoft.Google Scholar
Yalden, D. W. 1999. The history of British mammals. London: Poyser.Google Scholar
Zhao, B., Kondo, M., Maeda, M., Ozaki, Y. & Zhang, J.. 2004. Water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in two cultivars of upland rice during different developmental stages under three water regimes. Plant and Soil 261(1-2): 6175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar