Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:54:57.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Towards a refined chronology for the Bronze Age of the southern Urals, Russia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

B.K. Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology, #3113 WWPH, 230 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA (Email: [email protected])
A.V. Epimakhov
Affiliation:
Russian Academy of Sciences, Urals Branch, Institute of History and Archaeology, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation (Email: [email protected])
A.C. Renfrew
Affiliation:
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK (Email: [email protected])

Extract

Cultural interactions in central Russia are famously complex, but of very wide significance. Within the social changes they imply are contained key matters for Europe and Asia: the introduction of Indo-Europeans and other languages, the horse and the chariot, and the transition towards nomadism. Of crucial importance to future research is a sturdy chronological framework and in this contribution the authors offer 40 new radiocarbon dates spanning the conventional Bronze Age in the southern Urals.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anthony, D.W. & Vinogradov, N.B.. 1995. Birth of the chariot. Archaeology 48 (2): 3641.Google Scholar
Avanesova, N.A. 1991. Cul'tura pastusheskikh plemen epokhi bronzy aziatskoi chasti SSSR (pometallicheskim izdeliyam). Tashkent: Fan UzSSR.Google Scholar
Boyle, K., Renfrew, A.C. & Levine, M. (ed.) 2002. Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia (McDonald Institute Monograph). Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Chernykh, E.N. 1992. Ancient Metallurgy in the USSR: The Early Metal Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chernykh, E.N. (ed.) 2002. Kargaly, Vol. II. Moskva: Yazyki Slavyanskoi Kultury.Google Scholar
Chernykh, E.N., Avilova, L.N. & Orlovskaya, L.B.. 2000. Metallurgicheskiye provintzii i radiouglerodnaya khronologiya. Moskva: Institut arheologii RAN.Google Scholar
Chernykh, E.N. & Kuz'minykh, S.V.. 1989. Drevnyaya metallurgiya Severnoi Evrazii (seiminsko-turbinskii fenomen). Moskva: Nauka.Google Scholar
Epimakhov, A.V. 1993. O chronologicheskom sootnoshenii sintashtinskikh i abashevskikh pamyatnikov // Arkheologicheskiye kul'tury i kul'turno-istoricheskiye obschnosti Bol'shogo Urala: 5758. Materialy konferentzii. Ekaterinburg: UrGu.Google Scholar
Epimakhov, A.V. 2002. Yuzhnoe Zaural'ye v period srednei bronzy. Chelyabinsk: Izd-vo Yuzhno-Ural'skovo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.Google Scholar
Gening, V.F., Zdanovich, G.B. & Gening, V.V.. 1992. Sintashta. Archeologicheskii pamyatnik Ariiskikh plemen Uralo-Kazakhstanckikh stepei. T. 1. Chelyabinsk: Uzhno-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izd-vo.Google Scholar
Gorsdorf, J., Parzinger, H. & Nagler, A.. 2004. 14C Dating of the Siberian Steppe Zone from Bronze Age to Scythian Time, in Scott, E., Alekseev, A. & Zaitseva, G. (ed.) Impact of the Environment of Human Migration in Eurasia: 8389. London: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Grigor'yev, S.A. 1999. Drevniye indoevropeitzy. Opyt istoricheskoi rekonstruktzii. Chelyabinsk: Rifei.Google Scholar
Grigor'yev, S.A. 2000. Bronzovyi vek Drevnyaya istoriya Uzhnovo Zaural'ya: 241442. T. I. Chelyabinsk: Izd-vo Yuzhno-Ural'skovo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.Google Scholar
Hanks, B.K. 2002. The Eurasian Steppe ‘Nomadic World’ of the First Millennium BC: Inherent Problems within the study of Iron Age Nomadic Groups, in Boyle, K., Renfrew, C. & Levine, M. (ed.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia (McDonald Institute Monographs): 183–97. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Jones-Bley, K. & Zdanovich, D.G. (ed.) 2002. Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC - Regional Specifics in Light of Global Models. Volumes I & II (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series 45). Washington D. C.: Institute for the Study of Man.Google Scholar
Kiryushin, U.F., Grushin, S.P. & Tinshkin, A.A.. 2003. Pogrebal'nyi obryad naseleniya epokhi rannei bronzy Verkhnego Priob'ya (po materialam gruntovogo mogil'nika Teleutskii Vzvoz-I). Barnaul: Izd-vo Altaiskogo universiteta.Google Scholar
Koryakova, L.N. 1996. Social Trends in Temperate Eurasia during the Second and First Millennia BC. Journal of European Archaeology 4: 243–80.Google Scholar
Koryakova, L.N. 1998. Cultural Relationships in North-Central Eurasia, in Blench, R. & Spriggs, M. (ed.) Archaeology and Language II: Correlating archaeological and linguistic hypotheses: 209–19. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Koryakova, L.N. 2002. The Social Landscape of Central Eurasia in the Bronze and Iron Ages: Tendencies, Factors, and Limits of Transformation, in Jones-Bley, K. & Zdanovich, G.B. (ed.) Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC: Regional Specifics in the Light of Global Models: 97117. (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series 45). Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man.Google Scholar
Kosarev, M.F. 1974. Drevniye kul'turi Tomsko- Narimskogo Priob'ya Moskva: Nauka.Google Scholar
Kostyukov, V.P. 1999. Noviye materialy k probleme mirovozzreniya naseleniya final'noi bronzy Yuzhnogo Zaural'ya. Kompleksniye obschestva Tzentral'noi Evrazii v III-I tys. do n.e.: regional'niye osobennosti v svete universal'nikh modelei: 258–62. Materialy konferentzii. Chelyabinsk.Google Scholar
Kostyukov, V.P., Epimakov, A.V. & Nelin, D.V.. 1995a. Kvoprosu o pamyatnikakh Yuzhnogo Zaural'ya epokhi final'noi bronzy, in Grigor'ev, S.A. (ed.) Novoe v arkheologii Yuzhnogo Urala: 151–63. Chelyabinsk: Rifei.Google Scholar
Kostyukov, V.P. 1995b. Novyi pamyatnik srednei bronzy v Yuzhnom Zaural'ye, in Vasil'ev, I.B. (ed.) Drevniye indoiranskie kul'tury Volgo-Ural'ya (II tys. do n.e.): 156207. Samara: Samarskii gosudarstvennii pedagogicheskii universitet.Google Scholar
Kuz'mina, E.E. 1994. Otkuda prishli indoarii. Material'naya kul'tura plemen andronovskoi obshnosti i proiskhozhdeniye indoirantsev. Moskva: Vostochnaya Literatura.Google Scholar
Kuz'mina, E.E. 2002. On the Origins of Indo-Iranians. Current Anthropology 43 (2): 303–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuz'mina, O.V. 2000. Metallicheskiye isdeliya i voprosy otnositel'noi khronologii abashevoskoi kul'tury. In, Drevniye obshestva uga Vostochnoi Evropy v epoku paleometalla (rannie kompleksnye obshestva i voprosy kul'turnoi transformatzii). Arkheologicheskie izyskaniya: 65134. Vip. 63. SPB: Evropeiskii dom.Google Scholar
Kuznetzov, P.F. 1996. Novie radiouglerodnye daty dlya kronologii kul'tur Eneolita - Bronzovogo veka yuga lesostepnogo Povolzh'ya. Radiouglerod i arkheologiya. Vip. 1. SPB: 5659.Google Scholar
Kuznetzov, P.F. 2001. Territorial'niye osobennosti i vremenniye ramki perekhodnogo perioda k epokhe pozdnei bronzy Vostochnoi Evropy, in Bronzovyi vek Vostochnoi Evropy: Kharakteristika kul'tur, khronologiya i periodizatziya: Materiali mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentzii “K stoletiyu periodizatzii V.A.Gorodtzova bronzovogo veka uzhnoi polovini Vostochnoi Evropi”: 178–82. Samara: “NTTZ”.Google Scholar
Kuznetzov, P.F. 2003. Osobennosti kurgannykh obryadov naseleniya Samarskoi doliny v pervoi polovine bronsovogo veka, in Kolev, U.I., Kuznetzov, P.F. & D, O..Mochalov (ed.) Material'naya kul'tura naseleniya basseina reki Samary v bronzovom veke: 4351. Samara: Samarskii gosudarstvennyi pedagogecheskii universitet.Google Scholar
Kuznetzov, P.F. 2006. The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in Eastern Europe. Antiquity 80: 638–45.Google Scholar
Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. 2002. Archaeology and Language: The Indo-Iranians. Current Anthropology 43 (1): 6388.Google Scholar
Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. 2005. Archaeology and Language: the case of the Bronze Age Indo-Iranians, in Bryan, E. & L Patton (ed.) The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History: 142–77. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Levine, M., Renfrew, A.C. & Boyle, K.. 2003. Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse (McDonald Institute Monograph). Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Matveev, A.V. 1998. Pervie andronovtzy v lesakh Zaural'ya. Novosibirsk: Russian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Matveeva, N.P., Volkov, E.N. & Ryabogina, N.E.. 2003. Novye pamyatniki bronzovogo i rannego zheleznogo vekov. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Morgunova, N.L., Khokhlova, O.C., Zaitzeva, G.I., Chichagova, O.A. & Gol'yeva, A.A.. 2003. Rezul'taty radiouglerodnogo datirovaniya arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Uzhnogo Preural'ya, in Shumaevskiye kurgany: 264–74. Orenburg: Izd-vo Orenburgskogo osudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta.Google Scholar
Napol'skih, V.V. 1997. Vvedenie v istoricheskuyu uralistiku. Izhevsk: Udmurtskii institut istorii, yazyka i litertatuty. UrO, Russian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Orlova, L.A. 1995. Radiouglerodnoe datirovanie arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka. In, Metody estestvennykh nayk v arkheologicheskikh rekonstruktziyakh: 207–32. Novosibirsk: Institut arkheologii i ethnografii SO, Russian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Pryakhin, A.D., Besedin, V.I & Zakharova, E.U.. 2001. Dono-Volzhskaya abashevskaya kul'tura. Voronezh: Voronezhskii gosudarstvennyi universitet.Google Scholar
Renfrew, A.C. 1987. Archaeology and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shnirelman, V.A. 1996. The faces of nationalist archaeology in Russia, in D´z-Andreu, M. & Champion, T. (ed.) Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe: 218–42. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
Shnirelman, V.A. 1999. New Ideologies - Passions about Arkaim: Russian Nationalism, the Aryans and the Politics of Archaeology. Inner Asia 1 (2): 267–82.Google Scholar
Trifonov, V.A. 1996. K absolutnomu datyrovaniyu “mikenskogo” ornamenta epokhi rasvitoi bronzy. Radiouglerod i arkheologiya: 6064. Vip. 1. SPB.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, N.B. 1995. Chronologia, soderzhaniye i kul'turnaya prinadlezhnost’ pamyatnikov Sintashtinskogo tipa bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural'ye. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta. Istoricheskiye nauki: 1626. No.1. Chelyabinsk: University Press.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, N.B. 2003. Mogil'nik bronzovogo veka Krivoe Ozero v Yuzhnom Zaural'ye. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izd-vo.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, N.B. & Epimakhov, A.V.. 2000. From a Settled Way of Life to Nomadism. Variants in Models of Transition, in Davis-Kimball, J., Murphy, E., Koryakova, L. & Yablonsky, L. (ed.) Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age (British Archaeological Reports International Series 890): 4145. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Zakh, B.A. 1995. Posyolok drevnikh skotovodov na Tobole. Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Zdanovich, D.G. (ed.) 2002. Arkaim: Nekropol', Kn. 1. Chelyabinsk: Uzhno-Ural'skoe knishnoe izd-vo.Google Scholar
Zdanovich, G.B. 1988. Bronzovii vek Uralo-Kazakhstanskikh stepei (osnovy periodizatzii). Sverdlovsk: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta.Google Scholar
Zdanovich, G.B. 1997. Arkaim - kur'turnyi kompleks epokhi srednei bronzy Yuzhnogo Zaural'ya. Rossiiskaya Arkheologiya. No. 2: 4762.Google Scholar
Zdanovich, G.B. & Zdanovich, D.G.. 2002. The “Country of Towns” of Southern Trans-Urals and Some Aspects of Steppe Assimilation in the Bronze Age, in Boyle, K., Renfrew, A.C. & Levine, M. (ed.) Ancient Interactions: East and West in Eurasia (McDonald Institute Monograph): 249–63. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar