Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T22:45:51.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relocating Ingombe Ilede in the history of south-central Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2017

Susan Keech McIntosh  and
Brian M. Fagan
Susan Keech McIntosh*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Rice University, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA
Brian M. Fagan
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–3210, USA
*
*Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

We thank the four commentators for adding new dimensions and important data relevant to interpreting the new Ingombe Ilede dates. These contribute to the recent wave of reassessments and critiques of earlier interpretations and frameworks for the development of trade and complexity in southern Africa. Such reconsiderations are made possible by more sophisticated and precise radiocarbon dating, expanded investigation of both new and previously excavated sites, and by the use of chemical analyses to identify differently sourced groups of glass beads and metals (e.g. Pikirayi 2009; Robertshaw et al. 2010; Chirikure et al. 2013, 2014, 2016; Koleini et al. 2016).

Type
Debate
Information
Antiquity , Volume 91 , Issue 358 , August 2017 , pp. 1092 - 1094
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chirikure, S. & Pikirayi, I.. 2008. Inside and outside the dry stone walls: revisiting the material culture of Great Zimbabwe. Antiquity 82: 976–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00097726 Google Scholar
Chirikure, S., Pollard, A.M., Manyanga, M. & Bandama, F.. 2013. A Bayesian chronology for Great Zimbabwe: re-threading the sequence of a vandalised monument. Antiquity 87: 854–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049516 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirikure, S., Manyanga, M., Pollard, A.M., Bandama, F., Mahachi, G. & Pikirayi, I.. 2014. Zimbabwe culture before Mapungubwe: new evidence from Mapela Hill, south-western Zimbabwe. PloS ONE 9 (10): e111224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111224 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chirikure, S., Bandama, F., House, M., Moffett, A., Mukwende, T. & Pollard, M.. 2016. Decisive evidence for multidirectional evolution of sociopolitical complexity in southern Africa. African Archaeological Review 33: 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-016-9215-1 Google Scholar
du Toit, A.P. 1965. A preliminary survey of the beads of Ingombe Ilede, northern Rhodesia. Man 65 (Jan–Feb): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/2796034 Google Scholar
Fagan, B.M., Phillipson, D.W. & Daniels, S.G.H.. 1969. Iron Age cultures in Zambia, volume II: Dambwa, Ingombe Ilede, and the Tonga. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Koleini, F., Prinsloo, L.C., Biemond, W.M., Colomban, P., Ngo, A.-T., Boeyens, J.C.A. & Van der Ryst, M.M.. 2016. Towards refining the classification of glass trade beads imported into southern Africa from the 8th to the 16th century AD. Journal of Cultural Heritage 19: 435–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.11.003 Google Scholar
Oddy, A. 1984. Gold in the southern African Iron Age. Gold Bulletin 17 (2): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214702 Google Scholar
Phillipson, D.W. & Fagan, B.. 1969. The date of the Ingombe Ilede burials. Journal of African History 10: 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700009476 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pikirayi, I. 2009. Palaces, feiras and prazos: an historical archaeological perspective of African-Portuguese contact in northern Zimbabwe. African Archaeological Review 26: 163–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-009-9054-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertshaw, P., Wood, M., Melchiorre, E., Popelka-Filcoff, R. & Glascock, M.. 2010. Southern African glass beads: chemistry, glass sources, and patterns of trade. Journal of Archaeological Science 17: 1898–1912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.02.016 Google Scholar