Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:51:48.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Initial Upper Palaeolithic in south-central Turkey and its regional context: a preliminary report

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Steven L. Kuhn ,
Mary C. Stiner  and
Erksin Güleç
Steven L. Kuhn
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721-0030, USA
Mary C. Stiner
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721-0030, USA
Erksin Güleç
Affiliation:
Department of Paleoanthropology, University of Ankara, Dil ve Tarih Coǧrafya Fakültesi, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The earliest Upper Palaeolithic industries of the Levant, which figure prominently in discussions of the spread of anatomically modern humans and the origins of the Upper Palaeolithic, are known from a small number of localities. Two sites in the Hatay region of Turkey have yielded initial Upper Palaeolithic assemblages similar to those found in the Levant. One of the sites, Üçaǧizlı’ cave, has also provided radiometric dates and faunal remains, both relatively rare for sites of this period.

Keywords

AnatoliaUpper PalaeolithicÜçaǧizlıKanaltool assemblage
Type
Papers
Information
Antiquity , Volume 73 , Issue 281 , September 1999 , pp. 505 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albrecht, G. 1988. Preliminary results of the excavations in the Karain B cave near Antalya, Turkey: the Upper Paleolithic assemblages and the Upper Pleistocene climatic development, Paléorient 14/2: 211–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azoury, I. 1986. Ksar-Akil, Lebanon 1: Levels XXV-XlI. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 289.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O., Arnold, M., Belfer-Cohen, A., Goldberg, P., Houseley, R., Laville, H., Meignen, L., Mercer, N., Vogel, J.C. & Vandermeersch, B.. 1996. The dating of the Upper Paleolithic layers in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel, Journal of Archaeological Science 23: 297–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Vandermeersch, B.. 1972. The stratigraphic and cultural problems of the passage from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Palestinian caves, in Bordes, F. (ed.), The origins of Homo Sapiens: 221–6. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Bergman, C. 1988. Ksar Akil and the Upper Paleolithic of the Levant, Paléorìent 14/2: 201–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boëda, E. & Muhesen, S.. 1993. Umm El Tlel (El Kowm, Syrie): Étude préliminaire des industries lithiques du Paléolithique moyen et supérieur, Cahiers de l’Euphrate 7: 47–91.Google Scholar
Bostanci, E. 1968. Mağracik çevresinde yapilan 1966 yaz mevsimi kazilari ve yeni buluntular, Antropoloji 3: 19–45.Google Scholar
Copeland, L. 1970. The early Upper Paleolithic flint material from levels VII-V, Antelias cave, Lebanon. Berytus 19: 99–143.Google Scholar
Copeland, L. 1986. Introduction, in Azoury (1986): 1–26.Google Scholar
Copeland, L. & Wescombe, P.. 1965. Inventory of stone-age sites in Lebanon. Part 1, Mélanges de l’Université Saint Joseph 41(2): 29–175.Google Scholar
Demidenko, Y. & Usik, V.. 1993. The problem of changes in Levallois technique during the technological transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic, Paléorient 19/2: 5–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derev’anko, A.P. & Markin, S.. 1998. The Paleolithic of the Altai, in Derev’anko, A.P. (ed.), The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations (Shimkin, D.B. & Powers, W.R. US eds.): 84–105. Chicago (IL): University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Dibble, H. & Bar-Yosef, O. (ed.). 1995. The definition and interpretation of Levallois technology. Madison (WI): Prehistory Press.Google Scholar
Gakrod, D. 1951. A transitional industry from the base of the Upper Paleolithic in Palestine, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 80: 121–30.Google Scholar
Gakrod, D. 1957. Notes sur le Paléolithique Supérieur du moyen Orient, Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 55: 439–45.Google Scholar
Gilead, I. 1991. The Upper Paleolithic period in the Levant, Journal of World Prehistory 5: 105–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmankaya, S. & Tanindi, O.. 1996. Tiirkiye Arkeolojik Yerleşmeleri 1: Paleolitik/Epipaleolitik. Istanbul: Ege Yayinlari.Google Scholar
Hours, F., Copeland, L. & Aurenche, O.. 1973. Les industries paléolithiques du Proche Orient, essai de correlation, L’Anthropologie 77: 229–80, 439–96.Google Scholar
Kitagawa, H. & van der Plicht, J.. 1998. Atmospheric radiocarbon calibration to 45,000 yr BP: Late glacial fluctuations and cosmogenic isotope production, Science 279: 1187–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kökten, K. 1960. Anadolu. Maraş viayetinde tarihen dip tarihe gidis, Turk Arkeoloji Dergisi 10(1): 42–53.Google Scholar
Kozlowski, J, 1992. The Balkans in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic: the gateway to Europe or a cul-de-sac?, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58: 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, A. 1983a. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Levant, in Wendorf, F. & Close, A. (ed.), Advances in World Archaeologyy 2: 51–98. New York (NY): Academic Press.Google Scholar
Marks, A. 1983b. The sites of Boker and Boker Tachtit: a brief introduction, in Marks, (ed.): 15–37.Google Scholar
Marks, A. (Ed.). 1983c. Prehistory and paleoenvironments in the Central Negev, Israel 3: The Avdat/Aqev Area. Dallas (TX): Southern Methodist University.Google Scholar
Marks, A. 1988. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Levant: technological change as an adaptation to increasing mobility, in Otte, M. (ed.), L’Homme de Néandertal 8: La Mutation: 109–23. Liège: Université de Liège. ERAUL 35.Google Scholar
Marks, A. 1990. The Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the Near East and the Nile Valley: the problem of cultural transformations, in Mellars, (ed.): 56–80.Google Scholar
Marks, A. 1993. The Early Upper Paleolithic: The view from the Levant, in Knecht, H., Pike-Tay, A. & White, R. (ed.), Before Lascaux: The complex record of the Early Upper Paleolithic: 5–22. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.Google Scholar
Marks, A. & Volkman, P.. 1986. The Mousterian of Ksar Akil: Levels XXVIA through XXVIIIB, Paléorient 12: 5–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. 1990. The origin of modern humans: an archaeological perspective. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mellars, P. 1996. The Neanderthal legacy. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. & Tixier, J.. 1989. Radiocarbon accelerator dating of Ksar ‘Aquil (Lebanon) and the chronology of the Upper Paleolithic sequence in the Middle East, Antiquity 63: 761–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minzoni-Deroche, A. 1992a. Üçağizli mağarasi, kazilari ve çevre araştirmalri, XIII Kazi Sonuçlari Toplantisi 1: 71–81.Google Scholar
Minzoni-Deroche, A. 1992b. Üçağizh mağara, un site aurignacien dans le Hatay (Anatolie). Premiers résultats, Paléorient 18/1: 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minzoni-Deroche, A. 1993. Middle and Upper Paleolithic in the Taurus-Zagros region, in Olszewski, D. & Dibble, H. (ed.), The Paleolithic of the Zagros-Taurus: 147–58. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania. University Museum Monograph 83.Google Scholar
Neuville, R. 1934. Le préhistoire de Palestine, Revue Biblique 43: 237–59.Google Scholar
Ohnuma, K. 1988. Ksar Akil, Lebanon. A technological study of the earlier Upper Paleolithic levels of Ksar Akil 3: Levels XXV-XIV. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International Series S426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohnuma, K. & Bergman, C.. 1990. A technological analysis of the Upper Paleolithic levels (XXV-VI) of Ksar Akil, Lebanon, in Mellars, (ed.): 91–138.Google Scholar
Otte, M. 1998. Turkey as key, in Akazawa, T., Akoi, K. & Bar-Yosef, O. (ed.), Neandertals and modern humans in western Asia: 483–92. New York (NY): Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Otte, M., Yalçinkaya, I., Taşkiran, H., Kozlowski, J., Bar-Yosef, O. & Noiret, P.. 1995. The Anatolian Middle Paleolithic: New research at Karain cave, Journal of Anthropological Research 51: 287–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özdoğan, M. 1998. Anatolia from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene Climatic Optimum: cultural formations and the impact of the environmental setting, Paléorient 23/2: 25–38.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. 1994. The Upper Paleolithic chronology of the Levant and the Nile Valley, in Bar-Yosef, O. & Kra, R. (ed.), Late Quaternary chronology and paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean: 169–76. Tucson (AZ): Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Schyle, D. 1992. Near Eastern Upper Paleolithic cultural stratigraphy. Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B (Geisteswissenschaften) Nr 59.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M. 1959. A note on the Paleolithic industry of the Plugged Cave. Belleten 23: 163–175.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M. & Bostanci, E.. 1958a. Prehistoric researches in Hatay province, Belleten 22: 155–66.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M. & Bostanci, E.. 1958b. The Paleolithic cultures of the Hatay province, Belleten 22: 191–210.Google Scholar
Svoboda, J., Ložek, V. & Vlček, E.. 1996. Hunters between East and West: The Paleolithic of Moravia. New York (NY): Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svoboda, J. & Svobodová, H.. 1995. Les industries du type Bohunice dans leur cadre stratigraphique et écologique, L’Anthropologie 89: 505–14.Google Scholar
Svoboda, J. & Škrdla, P.. 1995. The Bohunician technology, in Dibble, & Bar-Yosef, (ed.): 279–300.Google Scholar
van Andel, T. 1998. Middle and Upper Paleolithic environments and 14C dates beyond 10,000 BP, Antiquity 72:26–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkman, P. 1983. Boker Tachtit: Core reconstructions, in Marks, (ed.): 35–52.Google Scholar
Volkman, P. & Kaufman, D.. 1983. Reassessment of the Emireh point as a possible type fossil for the technological shift from the middle to the upper Palaeolithic in the Levant, in Trinkaus, E. (ed.), The Mousterian legacy: 35–52. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S164.Google Scholar
Yalçinkaya, I. 1981. Le Paléolithique inférieur de Turquie, in Sanlaville, J. & Cauvin, J. (ed.), Préhistoire du Levant: 207–18. Paris: CNRS.Google Scholar
Yalçinkaya, I. 1986. Karain cave, 1985, Anatolian Studies 36: 1–201.Google Scholar
Yalçinkaya, I. 1995. Thoughts on Levallois technique in Turkey, in Dibble, & Bar-Yosef, (ed.): 399–413. Madison (WI): Prehistory Press.Google Scholar
Yalçinkaya, I. et. al. 1995. Les occupations tardiglaciares du site d’Öküzini (sud-ouest de la Turquie): résultats préliminaires, L’Anthropologie 99: 562–83.Google Scholar
Ziffer, D. 1981. Yabrud shelter II — a reconsideration of its cultural composition and its relevance to the Upper Paleolithic cultural sequence in the Levant, Quartar 31/32: 69–91.Google Scholar