Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T05:36:13.050Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Flint and pyrite: making fire in the Stone Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Dick Stapert
Affiliation:
Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Groningen University, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER Groningen, Netherlands. [email protected]
Lykke Johansen
Affiliation:
Institut for Arkæologi og Etnologi, Copenhagen University, Vandkunsten 5, 1167 København K, Denmark

Abstract

Flint implements with rounded ends, excavated at several Upper Palaeolithic sites in Denmark and Holland, are interpreted as strike-a-lights used in combination with pyrites. Experimental flints employed in this way show use-wear traces similar to those on the prehistoric specimens. It is suggested that the pyrite technique for fire production pre-dates wood-on-wood techniques, at least in Europe and in Greenland.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arts, N. & Deeben, J.. 1976. Een Federmesser nederzetting langs de Kapeldijk te Westelbeers, provincie Noord-Brabant. Eindhoven: Stichting Brabants Heem. Bijdragen tot de studie van het Brabantse Heem 15).Google Scholar
Barton, R.N.E. 1992. Hengistbury Head, Dorset 2: The Late Upper Palaeolithic & Early Mesolithic sites. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.Google Scholar
Barton, R.N.E. & Roberts, A.J.. 1996. Reviewing the British Late Upper Palaeolithic: new evidence for chronological patterning in the Lateglacial record, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 15(3): 24565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beuker, J.R. & Niekus, M.J.L.T.. 1996. Verder met Vledder; rendierjagers aan de rand van een ven, Nieuwe Drentse Voiksalmanakiya: 91129.Google Scholar
Birket-Smith, K. 1927. Eskimoerne. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel.Google Scholar
Birket-Smith, K. 1929. The Caribou Eskimos; material and social life and their cultural position. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel/Nordisk Forlag. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–24 52.Google Scholar
Bosinski, G. & Hahn, J.. 1972. Der Magdalenién-Fundplatz Andernach (Martinsberg), Rheinische Ausgrabungen 11: 81257.Google Scholar
Campbell, J.B. 1977. The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain; a study of man and nature in the late Ice Age. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Clark, J.G.D. 1954. Excavations at Star Carr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Collin, F Mattart, D. Pirnay, L. & Speckens, J.. 1991. L’obtention du feu par percussion: approche expèrimental et traceologique, Bulletin des chercheurs de Wallonie 31: 1949.Google Scholar
Collina-Girard, J. 1998. Le feu avant les alumettes: expérimentation et mythes techniques. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egg, M., Goedecker-Ciolek, R. Groenman-Van Waateringe, W. & Spindler, K.. 1993. Die Gletschermumie vom Ende der Steinzeit aus den Otztaler Alpen, Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 39: 3128.Google Scholar
Evans, J. 1872. The ancient stone implements, weapons, and ornaments of Great Britain. London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer.Google Scholar
Feustel, R. 1973. Technik der Steinzeit. Weimar: H. Bohlaus.Google Scholar
Feustel, R. 1974. Die Kniegrotte. Eine Magdalenien-Station in Thöringen. Weimar: H. Böhlaus Nachfolger.Google Scholar
Frazer, J.G. 1930. Myths of the origin of fire. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Goudsblom, J. 1992. Fire and civilization. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Grønnow, B. 1988. Prehistory in permafrost; investigations at the Saqqaq site, Qeqertasussuk, Disco Bay, West Greenland, Journal of Danish Archaeology 7: 2439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, H.S. 1958 [1954]. Fire-making, fuel and lightning, in Cinger, C. et al. (ed.), A history of technology 1: 21637. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hartz, S. 1987. Neue spatpalaolithische Fundplatze bei Ahrenshoft, Kreis Nordfriesland, Offa 44: 552.Google Scholar
Hough, W. 1890. Fire-making apparatus in the U.S. National Museum, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the Year ending June 30, 1889: 53187. Washington (DC).Google Scholar
Hough, W. 1926. Fire as an agent in human culture. Washington (DC): Government Printing Office. United States National Museum Bulletin 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hough, W. 1928. Fire-making apparatus in the United States National Museum. Washington (DC): Government Printing Office.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, L. & Stapert, D.. 1995. ‘Vuur-stenen’ in het Late Paleolithicum, Paleo-aktueel 6: 1215.Google Scholar
Johansen, L. & Stapert, D.. 1997. Vuurmakers uit Paleo-Eskimonederzettingen in West-Groenland, Paleo-Aktueel 8: 247.Google Scholar
Johansen, L. & Stapert, D.. In press. Two ‘Epi-Ahrensburgian’ sites in the northern Netherlands: Oudehaske (Friesland) and Gramsbergen (Overijssel), Palaeohistoria 39/40.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A. & Jacobi, R.M.. 1986. Analyse pollinique et materiel archéologique de Gough’s Cave (Cheddar, Somerset), Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Francaise 83(3): 8390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A. & Allain, J.. 1979. Lascaux inconnu. Paris: CNRS. 12e Supplement a Gallia-Préhistoire.Google Scholar
Lynch, T.F. (ed.). 1980. Guitarrero Cave. Early Man in the Andes. New York (NY): Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moss, E.H. 1988. Techno-functional studies of the Hamburgian from Oldeholtwolde, Friesland, The Netherlands, in Otte, M. (ed.), De la Loire a l’Oder; les civilisations du Paléolithique final dans le nord-ouest européen: 399426. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 444 (ii).Google Scholar
Müller-Beck, H. 1965. Seeberg Burgaschisee-süd. Holzgeräte und Holzbearbeitung. Bern: Verlag Stämpfli. Acta Bernensia II: Teil 5.Google Scholar
Nieszery, N. 1992. Bandkeramische Feuerzeuge, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 22: 35976.Google Scholar
Oakley, K.P. 1955. Fire as a Palaeolithic tool and weapon, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 21: 3647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olive, M. & Taborin, Y. (ed.). 1989. Nature et fonction des foyers préhistoriques. Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 12–13-14 mai 1987. Nemours: APRAIF.Google Scholar
Otte, M. (ed.). 1994. Le Magdalénien du Trou de Chaleux (Hulsonniaux — Belgique). Liége: Université de Liege. ERAUL 60.Google Scholar
Parry, W.E. 1824. Journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Perles, C. 1977. Prehistoire du feu. Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Petersen, P. Vang. 1993. Flintfra Danmarks Oldtid (with drawings by Johansen, L.). Copenhagen: Høst & Søns.Google Scholar
Petersen, P. Vang & Johansen, L.. 1996. Tracking Late Glacial reindeer hunters in eastern Denmark, in Larsson, L. (ed.), The earliest settlement of Scandinavia, and its relationships with neighbouring areas: 7588. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International.Google Scholar
Pyne, S.J. 1995. World fire; the culture of fire on earth. New York (NY): Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Schwantes, G. 1928. Nordisches Pälaolithikum und Mesolithikum, Mitteilungen Museum für Völkerkunde 13:159252.Google Scholar
Spencer, W.B. & Gillen, F.J.. 1904. The Northern Tribes of Central Australia. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stapert, D. 1992. Rings and sectors: intrasite spatial analysis of Stone Age sites. Dissertation, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Stapert, D. & Johansen, L. 1995/96. Ring & sector analysis, and site ‘IT’ on Greenland, Palaeohistoria 37/38: 2969.Google Scholar
Stapert, D., Krist, J.S. & Zandbergen, A.L.. 1986. Oldeholtwolde, a Late Hamburgian site in the Netherlands, in Roe, D.A. (ed.), Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe: 187226. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 296.Google Scholar
Strobel, R. 1939. Die Feuersteingeräte der Pfahlbaukultur. Leipzig: Curt Rabitsch. Mannus-Bücherei 66.Google Scholar
Tromnau, G. 1974. Der jungpalaolithische Fundplatz Schalkholz, Kreis Dithmarschen, Hammaburg NF 1: 922.Google Scholar
Uerpmann, M. 1981. Die Feuersteinartefakte der Cortaillod-Schichten. Bern: Staatlicher Lehrmittelverlag. Die neolithischen Ufersiedlungen von Twann 18.Google Scholar