Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:57:21.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Wearing environment and making islands: Britain's Bronze Age inland north sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2015

Christopher Evans*
Affiliation:
Cambridge Archaeological Unit, Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK (Email: [email protected])

Abstract

Dramatic environmental changes have had an enormous impact on human populations in the past, sometimes expressed through objects that might easily be overlooked. The later prehistory marine inundations within the fenland of East Anglia—and the eventual creation of its islanded marsh-landscape—demanded a social response open to investigation. Did they alter the ways that communities expressed their identity? Did larger communities develop to exploit the new economic potential of things such as salt? Behind these major shifts, smaller signifiers such as shell necklaces may offer clues about use of resources and the identity of those who lived through these changes.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albarella, U. & Viner, S.. nd. Animal bones form Welland Bank. University of Sheffield: Department of Archaeology. Available at: http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/welland-bank (accessed 18 June 2015).Google Scholar
Beck, C. & Shennan, S.. 1991. Amber in prehistoric Britain (Oxbow Monograph 8). Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1990. The passage of arms: an archaeological analysis of prehistoric hoards and votive deposits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, R., Chowne, P., Cleal, R.M.J., Healy, F. & Kinnes, I. (ed.). 1993. Excavations on Redgate Hill, Hunstanton, Norfolk, and at Tattershall Thorpe, Lincolnshire (East Anglian Archaeology 57). Dereham: Field Archaeology Division, Norfolk Museums Service.Google Scholar
Brennand, M. & Taylor, M.. 2003. The survey and excavation of a Bronze Age timber circle at Holme-next-the-Sea, Norfolk, 1998–9. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69: 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X00001250 Google Scholar
Brown, N. & Medleycott, M.. 2013. The Neolithic and Bronze Age enclosures at Springfield Lyons, Essex: excavations 1981–1991 (East Anglian Archaeology 149). Chelmsford: Historic Environment Essex County Council.Google Scholar
Brück, J. 2004. Material metaphors: the relational construction of identity in Early Bronze Age burials in Ireland and Britain. Journal of Social Archaeology 4: 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605304046417 Google Scholar
Champion, T.C. 2007. Prehistoric Kent, in Williams, J.H (ed.) The archaeology of Kent to AD 800: 67132. Woodbridge: Boydell Press and Kent County Council.Google Scholar
Chowne, P., Cleal, R. & Fitzpatrick, A.P. with Andrews, P.. 2001. Excavations at Billingborough, Lincolnshire, 1975–8: a Bronze–Iron Age settlement and salt-working site (East Anglian Archaeology 94). Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology.Google Scholar
Clarke, D.L. 1970. Beaker pottery of Great Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Daniel, P. 2009. Archaeological excavation at Pode Hole Quarry: Bronze Age occupation on the Cambridgeshire Fen-edge (British Archaeological Reports British series 484). Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Demarchi, B., O'Connor, S., Ponzoni, A. de L., Ponzoni, R. de A.R., Sheridan, A., Penkman, K., Hancock, Y. & Wilson, J.. 2014. An integrated approach to the taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments. PLoS ONE: PONE-D-14-11186R1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099839 Google Scholar
Dobney, K. & Ervynck, A.. 2007. To fish or not to fish? Evidence for the possible avoidance of fish consumption during the Iron Age around the North Sea, in Haselgrove, C. & Moore, T. (ed.) The Later Iron Age in Britain and beyond: 403–18. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Eliade, M. 1991. Images and symbols: studies in religious symbolism. Princeton (NJ): University of Princeton Press.Google Scholar
Evans, C. 1997a. Sentimental prehistories: the construction of the fenland past. Journal of European Archaeology 5: 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096576697800660294 Google Scholar
Evans, C. 1997 1997b. Hydraulic communities: Iron Age enclosure in the East Anglian fenlands, in Gwilt, A. & Haselgrove, C. (ed.) Reconstructing Iron Age societies: new approaches to the British Iron Age: 216–27. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Evans, C. 1997 2002. Metalwork and ‘Cold Claylands’: pre-Iron Age occupation on the Isle of Ely, in Lane, T. & Coles, J. (ed.) Through wet and dry: proceedings of a conference in honour of David Hall (Lincolnshire Archaeology and Heritage Reports Series 5 and WARP Occasional Paper 17): 3353. Sleaford: Lincolnshire Archaeology and Heritage.Google Scholar
Evans, C. 1997 2003. Britons and Romans at Chatteris: investigations at Langwood Farm, Chatteris. Britannia 34: 175264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3558544 Google Scholar
Evans, C. & Patten, R.. 2011. An inland Bronze Age: excavations at Striplands Farm, West Longstanton. Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 100: 746.Google Scholar
Evans, C. with Beadsmoore, E., Brudenell, M. & Lucas, G.. 2009. Fengate revisited: further fen-edge excavations, Bronze Age field systems/settlement and the Wyman Abbott/Leeds Archives. Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit.Google Scholar
Evans, C. with Brudenell, M., Patten, R. & Regan, R.. 2013. Process and history: prehistoric fen-edge communities at Colne Fen, Earith (The archaeology of the Lower Ouse Valley, volume I). Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit.Google Scholar
Evans, C., Tabor, J. & Vander Linden, M.. 2014. Making time work: sampling floodplain artefact frequencies and populations. Antiquity 88: 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0005033X CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C. with Tabor, J. & Vander Linden, M.. 2015. Twice-crossed river: prehistoric and palaeoenvironmental investigations at Barleycroft Farm/Over, Cambridgeshire (The archaeology of the Lower Ouse Valley, volume III). Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit.Google Scholar
Fitzhugh, B. & Hunt, T.L.. 1997. Islands as laboratories: archaeological research in comparative perspectives. Human Ecology 25: 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021867425111 Google Scholar
French, C.A.I. 1994. Excavation of the Deeping St Nicholas Barrow Complex, South Lincolnshire (Lincs. Archaeology and Heritage Reports series 1). Heckington: Heritage Trust for Lincolnshire.Google Scholar
Gaffney, V., Thomson, K. & Fitch, S.. 2007. Mapping Doggerland: the Mesolithic landscapes of the southern North Sea. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Gardiner, J., Allen, M.J., Powell, A.B., Harding, P., Lawson, A.J., Loader, E., McKinley, J.I., Sheridan, A. & Stevens, C.J.. 2007. A matter of life and death: Late Neolithic, Beaker and Early Bronze Age settlement and cemeteries at Thomas Hardye School, Dorchester. Proceedings of Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society 128: 1752.Google Scholar
Green, C. & Rollo-Smith, S.. 1984. The excavation of eighteen round barrows near Shrewton, Wiltshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 50: 255318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X00007556 Google Scholar
Gurney, D. 1980. Evidence of Bronze Age salt-production at Northey, Peterborough, Northamptonshire Archaeology 15: 111.Google Scholar
Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M.. 2009. The ‘champion's portion'? Prehistoric feasting at Llanmaes. Current Archaeology 233: 2935.Google Scholar
Hall, D.N. 1992. The south-western Cambridgeshire fenlands (The Fenland Project, 6/East Anglian Archaeology 56). Cambridge: Fenland Project Committee.Google Scholar
Hunn, J. & Palmer, R.. 1993. The Block Fen field system: 1992 investigations. Fenland Research 8: 1013.Google Scholar
Hutton, J. 2008. Excavations at Langtoft, Lincolnshire: the Whitfield Land. Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit Report 823.Google Scholar
Hutton, J. 2011. Further excavations at Baston Quarry, Lincolnshire: Freeman Land 2009/2011. Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit Report 1062.Google Scholar
Hutton, J. & Dickens, A.. 2010. Further excavations at Langtoft, Lincolnshire: the Glebe Land 2007/2008. Cambridge: Cambridge Archaeological Unit Report 918.Google Scholar
Irvine, R. & Evans, C.. 2012. Greenlands and waterlands: digging into the climate history in the East Anglian fenlands, in ‘Communicating climate knowledge: proxies, processes, politics’. Current Anthropology 53: 237–39.Google Scholar
Knight, M. 1998. The archaeological investigation of the Anglian Water Northborough to Etton water main and excavation of a Terminal Bronze Age settlement at Nine Bridges. Cambridge Archaeological Unit Report 287.Google Scholar
Knight, M. 2009. Excavating a Bronze Age timber platform at Must Farm, Whittlesey, Near Peterborough. Past 63: 14.Google Scholar
Knight, M. & Murrell, K.. 2012. Must Farm and Bradley Fen. British Archaeology 123: 1521.Google Scholar
Lane, T. & Morris, E. (ed.). 2001. A millennium of saltmaking: prehistoric and Romano-British salt production in the fenland (Lincolnshire Archaeology and Heritage Reports series 4). Lincoln: Heritage Trust for Lincolnshire.Google Scholar
Lane, T. & Trimble, D.. 2010. Fluid landscapes and human adaptation: excavations on prehistoric sites on the Lincolnshire Fen Edge, 1991–1994 (Lincolnshire Archaeology and Heritage Reports series 9). Heckington: Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts of the western Pacific: an account of native enterprise and adventure in the archipelagos of Melanesian New Guinea. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Mithen, S. 2003. After the ice: a global human history, 20 000–5000 BC. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.Google Scholar
Mudd, A. & Pears, B.. 2008. Bronze Age field system at Tower's Fen, Thorney, Peterborough: ‘Excavations at ‘Thorney Borrow Pit’, 2004–2005 (British Archaeological Reports British series 471). Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Murphy, P. 2009. The English coast: a history and prospect. London: Continuum Books.Google Scholar
Needham, S.P. 2000. Runnymede Bridge research excavations. Volume I: the passage of the Thames. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Needham, S.P. & Burgess, C.. 1980. The Later Bronze Age in the lower Thames Valley: the metalwork evidence, in Barrett, J. & Bradley, R. (ed.) Settlement and society in the British Later Bronze Age (British Archaeological Reports British series 83): 437–69. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Pickstone, A. & Mortimer, R.. 2011. The archaeology of Brigg's Farm, Prior's Fen, Thorney, Peterborough. Cambridge: Oxford Archaeology East Report 1094.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. 1984. Excavation at Fengate, Peterborough, England: the fourth report (Royal Ontario Museum Monograph 7/Northants Archaeological Monograph 2). Northampton & Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, Northants Archaeological Society.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. 2001. The Flag Fen Basin—archaeology and environment of a fenland landscape. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. 2002. The Welland Valley as a cultural boundary zone: an example of long-term history, in Lane, T. & Coles, J. (ed.) Through wet and dry: proceedings of a conference in honour of David Hall (Lincolnshire Archaeology and Heritage Reports series 5 and WARP occasional paper 17): 1832. Sleaford: Heritage Trust for Lincolnshire.Google Scholar
Richmond, A., Coates, G. & Hallybone, C.. 2010. Bar Pasture Farm, Pode Hole, Peterborough: phase 1—interim report. Phoenix Consulting Archaeology Report PC259a.Google Scholar
Roberts, B.W. 2007. Adorning the living but not the dead: a reassessment of Middle Bronze Age ornaments in Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73: 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X00027328 Google Scholar
Serjeantson, D., Wales, S. & Evans, J.. 1994. Fish in later prehistoric Britain, in Archaeo-Ichthyological studies: papers presented at the 6th meeting of the I.C.A.Z Fish Remains Working Group (Sonderdruck Offa 51): 332–39. Neumünster: Wachholz.Google Scholar
Sørensen, M.L.S. 1997. Reading dress: the construction of social categories and identities in Bronze Age Europe. Journal of European Archaeology 5: 93115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096576697800703656 Google Scholar
Sturt, F. 2006. Local knowledge is required: a rhythm analytical approach to the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic of the East Anglian fenland, UK. Journal of Maritime Archaeology 1: 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11457-006-9006-y Google Scholar
Suter, P.J. & Schlichtherle, H.. 2009. Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (UNESCO World Heritage Candidature). Biel: Druckerei Gassmann.Google Scholar
Trump, B. 1968. Fenland rapiers, in Coles, J. & Simpson, D. (ed.) Studies in ancient Europe: 213–25. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Van de Noort, R. 2004. The Humber wetlands: the archaeology of a dynamic landscape. London: Windgather. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00068472 Google Scholar
Van de Noort, R 2011. Conceptualising climate change archaeology. Antiquity 85: 1039–48.Google Scholar
Waller, M. 1994. Flandrian environmental change in fenland (The Fenland Project. 9/East Anglian Archaeology 70). Cambridge: Cambridgeshire Archaeological Committee.Google Scholar
Yates, D.T. 2007. Land, power and prestige: Bronze Age field systems in southern England. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Yates, D.T. 2013. Connecting and disconnecting the Bronze Age, in the archaeology of Essex: proceedings of the Chelmsford Conference (2008). Transactions of the Essex Society for Archaeology and History 3 (for 2012): 2636.Google Scholar
Yates, D. & Bradley, R.. 2010. Still water, hidden depths: the deposition of Bronze Age metalwork in the English fenland. Antiquity 84: 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00066667 Google Scholar