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Prehistoric Copper Hoards in the Ganges Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Stuart Piggott
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Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 18 , Issue 72 , December 1944 , pp. 173 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1944

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References

1 Indian Antiquary 1905, XXXIV, 229–44, with supplement in ibid, XXXVI, 1907, 53–55. Full references to all finds up to that date.

2 Mackay, Chanhu-Daro Excavations, pl. LXX, no. 30.

3 Hargreaves, Excavations in Baluchistan 1925 (A.S.I. Memoirs no. 35), pl. XIV.

4 Survey of Persian Art, 1938, 1, 166.

5 British Museum Bronze Age Guide, 182–3.

6 Mackay, op. cit. pl. LXVIII, no. 11, cf. also the elongated axes with length-width ratios of 1 : 8 and 1 : 6.5 on pl. LXXI, 9 and 10. The Harappa chisels have a ratio somewhere around 1:20.

7 Hargreaves, op. cit. pl. XIVa, nos. 52 and 44.

8 Cf. for instance Stein, An Archaeological Tour in Gedrosia (A.S.I. Memoirs no. 43), pl. XXV, Nun. 7 and Nun. IV, 12, with pl. XIV, Sh. T. ii. 17 or pl. XXXI, Mehi. 11, 3, 1a.

9 ANTIQUITY 1943, XVII, 169–82.

10 Hargreaves, op. cit. pl. xvd (Nal); Stein, op. cit. pl. XIV, Sh.T. VI. 29. (Shahi Tump).

11 Majumdar, Explorations in Sind (A.S.I. Memoirs, 48), 57. I have examined this sherd, which is certainly Nal Ware.

12 The remarkable stone statuette from Amk in North Syria might possibly be regarded as showing an East Gravettian art style persisting into Sumerian times in that region, but it stands alone and cannot be used as definite evidence. (Mélanges Syriens, 1939, 1, 135—7).

13 Curwen, ANTIQUITY, 1941, XV, 326 with refs.

14 Clark, ANTIQUITY, 1935, IX, 210.

15 In the Meri Ruka tomb. Noted in February 1942.

16 Curwen, loc. cit. 327.

17 Annual Report, Arch. Dept. H.E.H. the Nizam’s Dominions, 1937–40, pl. V (g).

18 Vincent Smith, 1905, p. 243. For Luristan types cf. Survey of Persian Art, IV, pl. 55. I am indebted to Mrs K. R. Maxwell-Hyslop for her comments on these weapons.

19 The stylized moufflons’ heads in sheet-gold from Hissar in might be mentioned in passing, but they are sufficiently remote from Gungeria; (Schmidt, Excavations at Tepe Hissar).

20 Fuhrer-Heimendórf, The Chenchus (1943), passim.