Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T11:14:28.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mesolithic dwelling places in south Scandinavia: their definition and social interpretation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Ole Grøn*
Affiliation:
NIKU (Norwegian Institute for Cultural, Heritage Research) P.O.Box 736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, Norway

Extract

In this paper the author assembles the evidence for Mesolithic dwelling places surviving as posts, floors and assemblages. This evidence can be used to show how space was organised, where men and women slept, and how some of the implied family relationships anticipated Neolithic practice.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Althin, Carl-Axel. 1954. The Chronology of the Stone Age Settlement of Scania, Sweden. I: The Mesolithic Settlement. Lund.Google Scholar
Andersen, Knud, Jørgensen, Svend & Richter, Jane. 1982. Maglemose hytterne ved Ulkestrup Lyng. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Andersen, Søren H. 1999. Norsminde. A ‘Køkkenmødding’ with Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic occupation. Journal of Danish Archaeology 8: 1340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, Søren H. 2001. Danske køkkenmøddinger anno 2000. Danmarks jagerstenalder—status og perspektiver. (eds. Lass Jensen, Ole, Sørensen, Søren A., & Møller Hansen, Keld). Hørsholm. 2141.Google Scholar
Barth, Frederik. 1969. Introduction. Ethnic groups and boundaries. (ed.) Barth, Frederik. Boston: 938.Google Scholar
Barth, Frederik. 1978. Conclusion. Scale and Social Organisation. Oslo: 253273.Google Scholar
Barth, Frederik. 1987. Cosmologies in the Making: A Generative Approach to Cultural Variation in Inner New Guinea. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagniewski, Zbigniew. 1990. Maglemose-Kultureinflüsse in Mitteleuropa. Contributions to the Mesolithic in Europe. Papers presented at the fourth international symposium ‘The Mesolithic in Europe’, Leuven 1990. (eds. Vermeersch, P. M. & van Peer, P.). Leuven 1990: 345353.Google Scholar
Bech, Jens. 1966. En boplads og et enkeltfund fra Fyns Maglemosetid. Fynske Minder 1965: 161172.Google Scholar
Becker, Carl Johan. 1945. En 8000-aarig stenalderboplads i Holmegaards Mose. Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark 1945: 61–72.Google Scholar
Becker, Carl Johan. 1953. Ørnekul paa Nexelø. En Sjællandsk stenalderboplads med hustomter. Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie: 60107.Google Scholar
Becker, Carl Johan. 1952. Maglemosekultur på Bornholm. Årbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie 1951: 96177.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1978. Dimensional analysis of behaviour and site structure: Learning from an Eskimo hunting stand. American Antiquity 43(3): 330361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1983. In Pursuit of the Past. Decoding the Archaeological Record. New York.Google Scholar
Bjerck, Hein B. 1991. Boreal foragers at Vega northern Norway. A study of site types and settlement patterns. Social Space. Human Spatial Behaviour in Dwellings and Settlements. (eds. Grøn, Ole, Engelstad, Ericka & Lindblom, Inge). Odense: 123133.Google Scholar
Blankholm, R., Blankholm, E. & Andersen, S. H.. 1968. Et bidrag til belysning af Maglemosekulturen i Østjylland. Kuml 1967: 61–115.Google Scholar
Boas, Niels Axel. 1987. Rude Mark - A Maglemosian Settlement in East Jutland. Journal of Danish Archaeology 5 (1986): 1430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boaz, Joel. 1999. Pioneers in the Mesolithic: The initial Occupation of the interior of Eastern Norway. The Mesolithic of Central Scandinavia. (ed.) Boaz, Joel. Oslo: 125152.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1971. Duvensee, ein Wohnplatz des Mesolithikums in Schleswig-Holstein, und die Duvenseegruppe. Offa 28: 526.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1981a. Eine neue Borealzeitliche Fundstelle in Schleswig-Holstein. Kölner Jahrbuch für Vor-und Frühgeschichte 15 1975–1977: 181188.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1981b. Duvensee, Wohnplatz 8. Offa 38, 1981: 2140.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1986. Rast unter Bäumen. Ein ephemerer Mesolithischer Lagerplatz aus dem Duvenseer Moor. Offa 43: 149163.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1989. Eine mesolithische Kiefernrindenmatte aus dem Duvenseer Moor. Offa 46: 1722.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1991. Duvensee, Wohnplatz 9. Eine präborealzeitlicher-Lagerplatz in SchleswigHolstein. Offa 48: 75114.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus. 1995. ‘Faint flint fall-out’: Duvensee, Wohnplatz 19. Offa 52: 4556.Google Scholar
Bokelmann, Klaus, Averdieck, Fritz-Rudolf & Willkomm, Horst. 1985. Duvensee, Wohnplatz 13. Offa 42: 1327.Google Scholar
Briggs, Jean L. 1970. Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Buus Eriksen, Lars. 1992. Ornehus på Stevns—en tidligneolitisk hustomt. Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie: 7–19.Google Scholar
Carlsson, Tom, Kaliff, Anders, & Larsson, Mats. 1999. Man and the Landscape in the Mesolithic: Aspects of Mental and Physical Settlement Organization. The Mesolithic of Central Scandinavia. (ed.) Boaz, Joel. Oslo: 4772.Google Scholar
Childe, Gordon V 1946. Scotland Before the Scots. London.Google Scholar
Christensen, C. 1995. The littorina transgressions in Denmark. Man and Sea in the Mesolithic. Coastal settlement above and below present sea level. (ed.) Anders Fischer: 1522.Google Scholar
Crombé, Philippe. 1998a. Intrasite and intersite spatial analysis of the Belgian Mesolithic. Potentials and Prospects. U.I.S.P.P. Proceedings of the XIII Congres of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences—Forli 8–14 September 1996 vol. 3. Forli.Google Scholar
Crombé, Philippe. 1998b. Five Years of intensive Mesolithic Research in Northwestern Belgium: some preliminary results. Current Mesolithic Research. (eds.) Conrad, Nicholas J. & Kind, Claus-Joachim. Tübingen: 1527.Google Scholar
Eliade, M. 1983. Le Chamanisme et les techniques archaïques de l’extase. Paris.Google Scholar
Festinger, L., Schachter, S. & Back, K.. 1963: Social Pressures in Informal Groups. A Study of Human Factors in Housing. Stanford, California.Google Scholar
Fuglestvedt, Ingrid. 1995. Svevollen—spor av senmesolittisk bosetning i lavlandets indre skogsone. Steinalderkonferansen i Bergen 1993. Arkeologiske skrifter. Arkeologisk institut Bergen Museum. (eds.) Bergsvik, K. A., Nygaard, S., & Nærøy, A. J.. Bergen: 95110.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1987. Seasonal Variation in Maglemosian Group Size and Structure. A New Model. Current Anthropology 28: 303327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1988. Teltring. Skalk nr.1, 1988. 1314.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1989. General Spatial Behaviour in Small Dwellings: a Preliminary study in Ethnoarchaeology and social Psychology. The Mesolithic in Europe. Papers presented at the third International Symposium. (ed. Clive Bonsall): 99105.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1990. Studies in settlement Patterns and submarine Bogs: Results and Strategy for Further Research. Contributions to the Mesolithic in Europe. Papers presented at the Fourth International Symposium ‘The Mesolithic in Europe’, Leuven 1990. (eds. Vermeersch, P. M. & van Peer, P.). Leuven: 8186.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1991. A method for reconstruction of social organization in prehistoric societies and examples of practical application. Social Space. Human Spatial Behaviour in Dwellings and Settlements. (eds.) Grøn, Ole, Engelstad, Ericka & Lindblom, Inge. Odense: 100117.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1998. Aggemose—part II. Refitting and wall effect. Journal of Danish Archaeology 12, 1992: 712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 1999. A Revision of the Model for Dwelling Organization in the southern scandinavian Mesolithic. L’Europe des derniers chasseurs. Epipaléolithique et Mésolithique. Peuplement et paléoenvironnement de lEpipaléolithique et du Mésolithique. (eds. Thévenin & Bintz): 321–326.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. 2000. Analyse af flintspredninger på stenalderbopladser. Flintstudier. En håndbog i systematiske analyser af flintinventarer. (ed.) Eriksen, Berit V. Århus: 157–186.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole. & Jørgen, Skaarup. 1995. Excavation of a Mesolithic dwelling in a submerged landscape. Preliminary report. NewsWARP 17, May: 2831.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole & Sørensen, Søren. 1996. An inland site from the early Kongemose Culture. Journal of Danish Archaeology 11, 1992: 718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grøn, Ole, Kuznetsov, Oleg & Klokkernes, Torunn. 2002. The Tent In The Middle Of The World. Hunter-gatherer Studies and the Reshaping of Anthropology. Ninth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies. (eds.) Alan Banard & Tim Ingold. http://www.abdn.ac.uk/chags9/1gron.htm + CD. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole & Kuznetsov, Oleg—in print: Evenkian forest hunters. Ethno-archaeology and the archaeological settlement concept. C.C.I. in the series ‘Northern Hunter-Gatherers’.Google Scholar
Grøn, Ole, Kuznetsov, Oleg & Turov, Michail G. 2003. Cultural Micro-Mosaics—a Problem for the Archaeological Culture Concept? Scandinavian archaeological practice—in theory: proceedings from the 6th Nordic TAG, Oslo 2001. (ed.) Jostein Bergstøl.Google Scholar
Gubser, Nicholas. 1965. The Nunamiut Eskimos: Hunters of Caribou. London.Google Scholar
Gusinde, Martin. 1937. Die Feuerland-Indianer II. Mödling bei Wien.Google Scholar
Hayden, Brian. 1981. Paleolithic reflections. Lithic technology and ethnographic excavation among Australian Aborigines. Canberra.Google Scholar
Helskog, Ericka Trash. 1983. The Iversfjord Locality. A study of behavioral patterning during the late Stone Age of Finnmark, North Norway. Tromsø.Google Scholar
Henriksen, Birgitte Bille. 1980. Lundby-holmen. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Holmberg, U. 1922. Der Baum des Lebens. Helsinki.Google Scholar
Jennbert, K. 1984. Den produktiva gåvan. Tradition och innovation i Sydskandinavien for omkring5300 år sedan. Lund/Sweden.Google Scholar
Johansson, Axel Degn. 1990. Barmosegruppen. Præboreale bopladsfund i Sydsjælland. Aarhus.Google Scholar
Jöris, O. & T Terberger. 2001. Zur Rekonstruktion eines Zeltes mit Trapezförmigem Grundriss am Magdalénien-Fundplatz Gönnersdorf/Mittelrheineine “Quadratur des Kreises”? Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 31: 163172.Google Scholar
Katiskoski, K. 2002. The semisubterranean dwelling at Karmetahti in Puumala, Savo Province, Eastern Finland. Huts and Houses. Stone Age and Early Metal Age Buildings in Finland. (ed.) Ranta, Helena. Helsinki: 171200.Google Scholar
Kaul, Flemming. 1988. Skrækkekærgård. Arkæologiske udgravninger i Danmark 1987. Copenhagen: 105106.Google Scholar
Kempfner-JøRgensen, Lars & Magrethe, Watt. 1985. Settlement Sites with Middle Neolithic Houses at Grodby, Bornholm. Journal of Danish Archaeology 4: 87100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, K. A. 1958. Stenalderhusene på Knardrup Galgebakke. Kuml: 24–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, Lars. 1975. A contribution to the knowledge of Mesolithic huts in southern Scandinavia. Meddelande från Lunds Universitets Historiske Museet 1973–74: 5–28.Google Scholar
Larsson, Lars. 1978. Ageröd I.B — Ageröd I:D. A study of early Atlantic Settlement in Scania. Lund.Google Scholar
Larsson, Mats. 1986. Bredasten — An Early Ertebølle Site with a Dwelling Structure in South Scania. Meddelande från Lunds universitets historiska museum 1985–1986: New Series vol. 6.Google Scholar
Larsson, Mats. 1994. Stenåldersjagare vid Siljan. En atlantisk boplats vid Leksand. Fornvännen vol. 89. 1725.Google Scholar
Lass Jensen, Ole 1998. En stenalderboplads i Nivåfjorden. Udgravningen af bopladsen Nivå 10 fra yngre Kongemose- og ældre Ertebollekultur. Horsholm Museums Årbog 1997.Google Scholar
Lass Jensen, Ole 2001. Kongemose- og Ertebøllekultur ved den fossile Nivåfjord. Danmarks jægerstenalder — status og perspektiver. (eds. Lass Jensen, Ole, Sorensen, Soren A., & Møller Hansen, Keld). Hørsholm: 115129.Google Scholar
Lass Jensen, Ole 2002. Nivå 10. Arkæologiske udgravninger i Danmark 2001. Copenhagen 2002. 9798.Google Scholar
Leem, Knud. 1767. Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Loeffler, David. 1998. Arkeologisk Undersökning av Norpan 2 (J106A), Vuollerim, Raä 1292, Jokkmokks sn, Lappland, 1983–1987. Del 1. RAPPORT. Umeå Universitet.Google Scholar
Loeffler, David & Ulf Westfal. 1985. A Well- preserved Stone Age Dwelling Site. Preliminary Presentation of the Investigations at Vuollerim, Lapland, Sweden. Archaeology and Environment vol. 4. Umeå. 425434.Google Scholar
Lundberg, Åsa. 1985. ‘Villages’ in the Inland of Northern Sweden 5000 Years ago. Archaeology and Environment vol. 4. Umeå: 293301.Google Scholar
Manker, Ernst. 1935. Nomaderpaa Vandring. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Møller Hansen, Keld. 1992. Øerne I. Arkæologiske udgravninger i Danmark 1991. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Finn Ole & Poul Otto Nielsen. 1986a. Middle and Late Neolithic houses at Limensgard, Bornholm: A preliminary repport. Journal of Danish Archaeology 4: 101114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, Finn Ole & Poul Otto Nielsen. 1986b. Stenalderhuse ved Limensgård. Fra Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark: 3648.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Finn Ole & Otto Nielsen, Poul. 1990. Limensgård. Arkæologiske udgravninger i Danmark 1989. Copenhagen: 134135.Google Scholar
O’conel, J. F. 1987. Alyawara site structure and its archaeological implications. American Antiquity 52: 74108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pesonen, P. 2002. Semisubterranean Houses in Finland —a Review. Huts and Houses. Stone Age and Early Metal Age Buildings in Finland. (ed.) Ranta, Helena. Helsinki: 941.Google Scholar
Radley, J. & Mellars, P.. 1964. A Mesolithic Structure at Deepcar, Yorkshire, England, and the Affinities of its Associated Flint. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society vol. XXX. 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, Edward S. 1967. The Material Culture of the Mistassini. National Museum of Canada. Bulletin No. 218. Anthropology Series No. 80. Ottawa.Google Scholar
Rank, Gustav. 1951. Das System der Raumeinteilung in den Behausungen der nordeurasischen Völker. Ein Beitrag zur nordeuroasischen Ethnologie vol. II Teil. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Schanche, Kjersti. 1995. Var det store landsbyer i Finnmark i Yngre Steinalder? Debattinnlegg med utgangspunkt i bosetningsspor fra ca. 2000 f.Kr. Steinalderkonferansen i Bergen 1993. Arkeologiske skrifter. Arkeologisk institut Bergen Museum. (eds.) Bergsvik, K. A., Nygaard, S., and Næroy, A. J.. Bergen: 174186.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Wilhelm. 1935. Der Ursprung der Gottesidee vol. VI. Eine historisch-kritische undpositive Studie. 2. Abteilung: Die Religionen der Urvolker V. Endsyntese der Religionen der Urvolker Amerikas, Asiens, Australiens, Afrikas. Münster.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Wilhelm. 1941: Analecta et Additamenta. Anthropos vols. 35–36 (1941–42): 966969.Google Scholar
Schönweiss, Werner & Hansjürgen, Werner. 1977. Mesolithische Wohngrundrisse von Friesheim (Donau). 75 Jahre Anthropologische Staatssammlung Munchen 1902–1977. Munchen: 5766.Google Scholar
Schwantes, Gustav. 1925. Das Frühneolithische Wohnplatz von Duvensee. Prahistorische Zeitschrift Band XVI. Berlin.Google Scholar
Schwantes, Gustav. 1939. Geschichte Schleswig-Holsteins vol.1. Neumünster.Google Scholar
Shirokogoroff, S. M. 1935. Psychomental Complex of the Tungus. London.Google Scholar
Skaarup, Jørgen. 1972. Troldebjerg. Arkæologisk ABC. (ed.) Rud, M.. Copenhagen: 320322.Google Scholar
Skaarup, Jørgen. 1979. Fladet: En tidlig maglemoseboplads på Langeland. Rudkobing.Google Scholar
Skaarup, Jørgen. 1985a. Yngre Stenalder på 0erne syd for Fyn. Rudkobing.Google Scholar
Skaarup, Jørgen. 1985b. Troldebjerg. Arkæologi Leksikon. (eds.) Hedeager, Lotte, Kristiansen, Kristian, Jens Fleischer: 251252.Google Scholar
Sørensen, Søren A. 1988. A Maglemosian Hut at Lavringe Mose, Zealand. Journal of Danish Archaeology 6. 1987. odense: 5362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speck, Frank G. 1940. Penobscot Man. The Life History of a Forest Tribe in Maine. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Stapert, Dick. 1994. Intrasite spatial analysis and the Maglemosian site of Barmosen I. Palaeohistoria 33/34, 1991/92: 3151.Google Scholar
Steller, Georg W. 1973. Beschreibung von dem Lande Kamtschatka. Jenseits des Steinernen Tores. Reisen deutscher Forscher des 18. und 19. jahrhunderts durch Sibirien (ed. Schurla, Herbert). Berlin: 121174 Google Scholar
Strömberg, Marta. 1976. Forntid i Sydostskane. Lund.Google Scholar
Strömberg, Marta. 1978. Three Neolithic Sites. A Local Seriation? Meddelanden från Lunds universitets historiska museum. 1977–1978: 6897.Google Scholar
Strömberg, Marta. 1986. Signs of Mesolithic Occupation in South-East Scania. Meddelanden från Lunds universitets historiska museum 1985–1986: 5283.Google Scholar
Strömberg, Marta. 1988. A Complex Hunting and Production Area. Meddelanden från Lunds universitets historiska museum 1987–1988: 5380.Google Scholar
Tanner, Adrian. 1979. Bringing Home Animals. Religious Ideology and Mode of Production of the Mistassini Cree Hunters. London.Google Scholar
Tringham, Ruth. 2000. Southeastern Europe in the transition to agriculture in Europe: bridge, buffer, or mosaic. Europe’s first Farmers. (ed.) Douglas, T. Price. Cambridge: 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vankina, L. V. 1970: Torfjanikovajar Stojanka Sarnate. Riga.Google Scholar
Vasilievich, G. M. & Smolyak, A. V.. 1964. The Evenki. The Peoples of Siberia . (eds. Levin, M. G. & Potapov, L.P). Chicago.Google Scholar
Welinder, Stig. 1971. Tidigpostglacialt Mesoliticum i Skane. Lund.Google Scholar
Wenzel, Stefan. 2002. Ein Mittelsteinzeitlicher Zeltbefund von Hartmannsdorf in Brandenburg. Archaologisches Korrespondenzblatt 32: 113.Google Scholar
Winther, Jens. 1935. Troldebjerg. En bymæssig bebyggelse fra Danmarksyngre stenalder. Rudkobing.Google Scholar
Winther, Jens. 1938. Troldebjerg.. En bymæssig bebyggelse fra Danmarks yngre stenalder. Tillæg. Rudkobing.Google Scholar
Yates, T. 1989. Habitus and social space: some suggestions about meaning in the Saami (Lapp) tent c. 1700–1900. The Meanings of Things. Material Culture and Symbolic Expression. (ed.) Hodder, Ian. Cambridge: 249262.Google Scholar