The discovery of the timber platform in fen peat poses a number of questions relating to the local ecology and environment in which the structure was constructed and the character of local land use and economic subsistence. Pollen and plant macro-fossil studies were initiated at the outset of discovery of the Flag Fen structure. Special attention has been paid to the changing fen flora reflecting local hydrological changes as well as evidence for the vegetation and land use on areas of nearby dry land. In addition to the evidence for temporal changes in the environment obtained from ‘long peat cores’, sampling on a grid-square basis is being carried out on sands thought to have been floor covering. It is hoped that these will yield information on the use of the platform. Pollen data are now available from Flag Fen and the nearby Power Station site at Fengate. This short contribution seeks to provide a general summary of the vegetation and environment of the fen and its near terrestrial environs with data coming largely from the analysis of the ‘Mere Section’ (see Introduction, FIGURE 6 for location) although some reference will be made to the Fengate site (see Introduction, FIGURE6 for location). Results ofthe completed study will be presented in a forthcoming monograph.