Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T07:48:59.793Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Exotica as prestige technology: the production of luxury gold in Western Han society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2017

Yan Liu*
Affiliation:
Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford, Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PH, UK (Email: [email protected])

Abstract

The recent discovery of the tomb of Liu Fei, King of Jiangdu, in eastern China, has provided a unique insight into the significance of early gold production in Western Han society. The recovery of luxury gold ornaments from mortuary contexts shows that hierarchical social order and status were maintained through the bestowal of these items upon the dead. Production of this gold not only entailed the control of organised local labour, but also the co-opting of methods and stylistic attributes associated with foreign territories. The influence of external aesthetics on local production may have helped imbue these artefacts with the prestige and significance that they carried for the elites who bore them into the afterlife.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anhui (Anhui Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo). 2007. Chaohu Han mu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Armbruster, B. 2009. Gold technology of the ancient Scythians—gold from the kurgan Arzhan 2, Tuva, in Guerra, M.F. & Rehren, Th. (ed.) Authentication and analysis of goldwork (ArcheoSciences 33) : 187–93. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Renne.Google Scholar
Barbieri-Low, A. 2007. Artisans in early imperial China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Berg, I. 2004. The meanings of standardization: conical cups in the late Bronze Age Aegean. Antiquity 299: 7485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00092942 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brumfield, E. & Earle, T. (ed.). 1987. Specialization, exchange, and complex societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bunker, E. 1993. Gold in the ancient Chinese world: a cultural puzzle. Artibus Asiae 53: 2750. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250506 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunker, E. 2002. Nomadic art of the eastern Eurasian steppes, the Eugene V. Thaw and other New York collections. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Cugunov, K.V., Parzinger, H. & Nagler, A.. 2010. Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Arzan 2 in Tuva. Mainz: von Zabern.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B. 2015. By steppe, desert, and ocean: the birth of Eurasia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dashkovskiy, P.K. & Usova, I.A.. 2011. Pazyryk burial at Khankarinsky Dol in the northwestern Altai. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 39 (3): 7884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2011.11.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gansu (Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo). 2014. Xirong yizhen, Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi chutu wenwu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Gu, B. 2006. Hanshu. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.Google Scholar
Guangzhou (Guangzhou Shi Wenwu Guanli Weiyuanhui). 1991. Xi Han Nanyue wang mu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Hayashi, T. 2012. Griffin motif: from the West to East Asia via the Altai. Parthica 14: 4964.Google Scholar
Hayden, B. 1998. Practical and prestige technologies: the evolution of material systems. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 5: 155. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02428415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebei Bowuyuan. 2014. Dahan juechang. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Hebei Sheng Wenwu Yanjiusuo. 1996. Yan xia du. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Helms, M. 1988. Ulysses’ sail: an ethnographic odyssey of power, knowledge, and geographical distance. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honeychurch, W. 2014. From Steppe Roads to Silk Roads, in Amitai, R. & Biran, M. (ed.) Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors: 5089. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honeychurch, W. 2015. Inner Asia and the spatial politics of empire: archaeology, mobility, and cultural contact. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HSB & ZKKY Hunan Sheng Bowuguan & Zhongguo Kexueyuan Kaogu Yanjiusuo. 1973. Changsha Mawangdui yi hao Han mu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Khazbulatov, A.R. 2012. Jewelry on the golden man's costume—masterpieces of world significance. Мir Nauki, Kul'tury, Obrazovaniya 1 (32): 3639.Google Scholar
Lattimore, O. 1962. Studies in frontier history: collected papers, 1928–1958. Paris: Mouton.Google Scholar
Ledderose, L. 2001. Ten thousand things: module and mass production in Chinese art. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, L.N. 2007. Xihan Nanyuewang bowuguan zhenpin tulu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Lin, J. 2012. The search for immortality: tomb treasures of Han China. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Q.Z. 2013. Guanyu Xuyi Dayunshan hanmu kaogu yanjiu de jige wenti. Dongnan wenhua 1: 8186.Google Scholar
Liu, Y. 2012. Primary study of the Han dynasty official workshops based on the inscribed lacquer dining vessels for imperial use. Zhuangshi 8: 7677.Google Scholar
Liu, Y.T. 2015. Shandong Lüxian fulaishan Xi Han Chengyangguo muzang fajue jianbao. Dongnan wenhua 4: 2832.Google Scholar
Ma, J. 2009. Huangjin zhipin suojian zhongya caoyuan yu zhongguo zaoqi wenhua jiaoliu. Xiyu yanjiu 3: 5064.Google Scholar
Marazov, I. 1998. Ancient gold: the wealth of the Thracians, treasures from the Republic of Bulgaria. New York: Harry N. Abrams.Google Scholar
Musée Cernuschi. 2001. L'or des Amazones: peuples nomades entre Asie et Europe. VIe siècle av. J.-C.-IVe siècle apr. J.-C. Paris: Paris-Musées & Fíndakly.Google Scholar
Nanjing Bowuyuan. 2012. Jiangsu Xuyixian Dayunshan Han mu. Kaogu 2012 (7): 5359.Google Scholar
Nanjing Bowuyuan. 2013a. Changwuxiangwang, Du Xuyi Dayunshan Jiangdu wangling. Nanjing: Yilin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Nanjing Bowuyuan. 2013b. Jiangsu Xuyixian Dayunshan Xi Han Jiangdu wangling yi hao mu. Kaogu 2013(10): 368.Google Scholar
Nanjing Bowuyuan. 2013c. Jiangsu Xuyi Dayunshan Jiangdu wangling M9, M10 fajue jianbao. Dongnan wenhua 1: 5169.Google Scholar
Nickel, L. 2012. The Nanyue silver box. Arts of Asia 42 (3): 98107.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. 1982. Jewellery of the ancient world. London: Trefoil.Google Scholar
Pan, L. 2015. The transformation of cultural exchange between north China and the Eurasian steppe from the Late Warring States period to the Middle Western Han. Asian Archaeology 3: 95106.Google Scholar
Peregrine, P. 1991. Some political aspects of craft specialization. World Archaeology 23: 111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1991.9980155 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polos’mak, N., Bogdanov, E.S., Chistiakova, A.N. & Kundo, L.P.. 2011. Lacquer ear-cups from burial mound 20 in Noyon Uul, in Brosseder, U. & Miller, B.K. (ed.) Xiongnu archaeology, multidisciplinary perspectives of the First Steppe Empire in Inner Asia: 327–32. Bonn: Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.Google Scholar
Qi, D.F. 1999. Tangdai jinyinqi yanjiu. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Rawson, J. 2001. Strange beasts in Han and post-Han imagery, in Juliano, A.L. & Lerner, J.A. (ed.) Nomads, traders and holy men along China's Silk Road, papers presented at a symposium held at the Asia Society in New York, November 9–10: 2332. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Rawson, J. 2010. Carnelian beads, animal figures and exotic vessels: traces of contact between the Chinese states and Inner Asia, ca. 1000–650 BC, in Wagner, M. & Wang, W. (ed.) Bridging Eurasia (Archäologie in China 1) : 141. Berlin: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.Google Scholar
Rawson, J. 2012. The Han Empire and its northern neighbors: the fascination of the exotic, in Lin, J. (ed.) The search for immortality: tomb treasures of Han China: 2336. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rudenko, S.I. 1970. Frozen tombs of Siberia. The Pazyryk burials of Iron Age horsemen. Translated by M.W. Thompson. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.Google Scholar
Samashev, Z.S. 2012. The Berel Kurgans: some results of investigation, in Stark, S. & Rubinson, K.S. (ed.) Nomads and networks, the ancient art and culture of Kazakhstan: 3049. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
So, J.F. & Bunker, E.C.. 1995. Traders and raiders on China's northern frontier. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Seattle: University of Washington Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, S. 2012. Nomads and networks: elites and their connections to the outside world, in Stark, S. & Rubinson, K.S. (ed.) Nomads and networks, the ancient art and culture of Kazakhstan: 107–38. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sun, J. 1996. Zhongguo shenghuo. Shengyang: Liaoning jiaoyu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Sun, J. 1999. Jianguo yilai xifang qiwu zai woguo de faxian yu yanjiu. Wenwu 1999(10): 6980.Google Scholar
Treister, M.Y. 2001. Hammering techniques in Greek and Roman jewellery and toreutics (Colloquia Pontica 8). Edited by J. Hargrave. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xibei (Xibei Daxue Wenhua Yichan Xueyuan). 2016. Xinjiang Hami Balikun xigou yizhi 1 hao mu fajue jianbao. Wenwu 2016(5): 1531.Google Scholar
Xuzhou (Xuzhou Han Wenhua Fengjing Yuanling Guanlichu). 2011. Shizishan wangling. Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yablonsky, L.T. 2010. New excavations of the early nomadic burial ground at Filippovka (southern Ural region, Russia). American Journal of Archaeology 114: 129–43. https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.114.1.129 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yablonsky, L.T. 2015. Unusual new findings at Filippovka-1 burial mound 1, southern Urals. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 43 (2): 97108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2015.09.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, J.H. & Linduff, K.M.. 2013. A contextual explanation for ‘foreign’ or ‘steppic’ factors exhibited in burials at the Majiayuan cemetery and the opening of the Tianshan Mountain corridor. Asian Archaeology 1: 7384.Google Scholar
Yangzhou (Yangzhou Shi Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo). 2010. Jingsu Yangzou Xi Han Liu Wuzhi mu fajue jianbao. Wenwu 2010 (3): 1936.Google Scholar
Yue, L.J. 2003. Xi'an beijiao Zhanguo zhutong gongjiangmu fajue jianbao. Wenwu 2003 (9): 414.Google Scholar
Zhang, J.M. 2005. Zhanguo beifang caoyuan gudai jinyinqi. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhongguo (Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan). 1978. Mancheng Han mu. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar