¹ The Book of Husbandry, Eng. Dial. Soc. reprint (1882), p. 128.

² Steensberg, Axel : ‘ North West European Plough Types of Prehistoric Times and the Middle Ages ’, Acta Archaeologica, 7, p. 280.Google Scholar

³ The Rural Economy of the West of England, I, p. 124. By Marshall’s day ‘ the old-fashioned soal ’ was rapidly disappearing from ploughs all over the country. The Rotherham plough had appeared before the middle of the 18th century and by bringing both tails up to the sheath had eliminated the sole altogether. The result was a light plough of great strength. Another result was to give early 19th century wooden ploughs and modern iron ploughs a form which in essentials is not unlike that of the sole-less crook ploughs of antiquity !