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Scythian Antiquities in Central Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2012

Extract

Among the archaeological remains of central Europe there are some of quite distinct Scythian character. They testify the presence of the Scythian nomads on that territory in the period about 500 B.C. Besides, the fact that the dating of those remains is quite well established should provide a basis for the proper dating of those central European cultures which came into contact with the Scythians.

The Scythian remains in central Europe are divided into two groups. To the first group belong the remains found in limited areas, with Scythian graves among them; those remains enable us to establish local groups of Scythian culture. The other group occurs among the remains of other, non-Scythian, cultures where they arrived either by way of peaceable trade exchange or were brought there by the Scythians themselves during their invasions or inroads into those territories.

In this short article I do not intend to give any detailed description of the Scythian remains in central Europe or to give an appreciation of their artistic value. They do interest me, but only as evidence of certain historical happenings, and I refer to the works of Professor E. H. Minns, Professor M. Rostovtzeff, Dr. N. Fettich, and others for their dating.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1945

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References

page 1 note 1 Minns, E. H., Scythians and Greeks, Cambridge, 1913.Google Scholar

page 1 note 2 Rostovtzeff, M., Iranians and Greeks in South Russia, Oxford, 1922Google Scholar; and the work of the same author in German: Skythien und der Bosporus, i, Berlin, 1931.

page 1 note 3 Fettich, N., ‘Der Goldhirsch von Tápiószentmarton’, Archaeologiai Értesítő, xli, Budapest, 1927Google Scholar; id., ‘La Trouvaille scythe de Zöldhalompuszta’, Archaeologia Hungarica, iii, Budapest, 1928; id., ‘Der skythische Fund von Gartschinowo’, Archaeologia Hungarica, xv, Budapest, 1934.

page 4 note 1 T. Sulimirski, Scytowie na zachodniem Podolu (The Scythians in Western Podolia), Lwów, 1936 (with large abbreviation in German).

page 4 note 2 Id., Kultura Wysocka (The Wysocko Culture), Kraków, 1931 (with summary in German).

page 4 note 3 Chapter on Hungarian finds in M. Rostowzew's Skythien und der Bosporus, 496.

page 5 note 1 Schmidt, H., Cucuteni in der Oberen Moldau, Berlin–Leipzig, 1932, 63.Google Scholar

page 5 note 2 V. Pârvan, Dacia, Cambridge, 1928, 35 f.; M. Rostowzew, Skythien und der Bosporus, 487 f.; J. Nestor, ‘Der Stand der Vorgeschichtsforschung in Rumänien’, 22. Bericht d. röm.-germ. Komm., Frankfurt a/M. 1933, 149 f.

page 5 note 3 Fettich, N., ‘Der skythische Fund von Gartschinowo’, Archaeologia Hungarica, xv, Budapest, 1934.Google Scholar

page 5 note 4 M. Rostowzew, Skythien und der Bosporus, 535 f.; id., The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World, Oxford, 1941, i, 111 f.; Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte (Ebert), ii (1925), 135 and 207.

page 6 note 1 M. Rostowzew, Skythien und der Bosporus, 493.

page 6 note 2 Enumerated by N. Fettich in his chapter on Hungarian finds in Rostowzew's Skythien und der Bosporus, 522 f.

page 6 note 3 L. v. Marton, ‘Der Verwandtenkreis des Parierstangendolches von Klein Neundorf Kr. Görlitz’, Altschlesien, v, Breslau, 1934, 209 f., table xxxviii, 3.

page 6 note 4 Ginters, W., Das Schwert der Skythen und Sarmaten in Südrussland, Berlin, 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 6 note 5 Sacken, E. v., Das Grabfeld von Hallstatt in Oberösterreich und dessen Altertümer, Wien, 1868, 37–8Google Scholar, table vii, 10.

page 7 note 1 de Bonstetten, G. Baron, Recueil d'antiquités suisses, Berne–Paris–Leipzig, 1855, 26, table 11, 9.Google Scholar

page 7 note 2 Preidel, H., ‘Der Skytheneinfall in Ostdeutschland und die skythischen Funde aus Böhmen’, Altschlesien, v, Breslau, 1934, 215–19, table xxxix.Google Scholar

page 7 note 3 Eisner, J., Slovensko v pravěku (Slovakia in the Prehistoric Time), Bratislava, 1933Google Scholar; N. Fettich, chapter in Rostowzew's Skythien und der Bosporus, 522.

page 7 note 4 J. Skutil, ‘Znaleziska scytyjskie z Moraw i Śląska czeskiego’ (Les Trouvailles scythiques en Moravie et en Silesie), Przegląd Archeologiczny (Archaeological Review), v, Poznań, 1935–6, 70–3.

page 7 note 5 Rau, P., ‘Studien zur Chronologie der skythischen Pfeilspitze’, Mitteilungen der Autonomen Sozialistischen Räte-Republik der Wolgadeutsche, iv, Pokrowsk, 1929.Google Scholar

page 7 note 6 M. Jahn, ‘Die Skythen in Schlesien’, Schlesiens Vorzeit in Bild und Schrift., N.F., ix, Breslau, 1928, 11–25; id., ‘Neue skythische und keltische Funde’, Altschlesien, iv, Breslau, 1934, 112–26.

page 7 note 7 N. Fettich, ‘Der skythische Fund von Gartschinowo, 39.

page 8 note 1 L. v. Marton, ‘Der Verwandtenkreis des Parierstangendolches von Klein Neundorf Kr. Görlitz’, Altschlesien, v, Breslau, 1934, 209 f., table xxxviii, 1.

page 8 note 2 Loc. cit.

page 8 note 3 M. Rostowzew, Skythien und der Bosporus, 487–8.

page 8 note 4 Enumerated by Kühn, H., Die vorgeschichtliche Kunst Deutschlands, Berlin, 1935, 140Google Scholar; also Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte (Ebert), xiv, pp. 159–60.

page 8 note 5 Furtwaengler, A., Der Goldfund von Vettersfelde, Berlin, 1883Google Scholar; Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte (Ebert), xiv, 156 f.

page 8 note 6 They were enumerated first by Professor J. Kostrzewski in Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte (Ebert), xii, 230–2; then T. Sulimirski, Scytowie na zachdniem Podolu (The Scythians in western Podolia); some new finds were published in the archaeological monthly review Z Otchłani Wieków (From the Abyss of Centuries), Poznań, in 1938–9 (only in Polish).

page 8 note 7 Similar ear-ring was found in Tápiószentmarton (Hungary) together with the golden stag (N. Fettich, ‘Der skythische Fund von Gartschinowo’, table vi, 2).

page 8 note 8 This settlement was described by Professor J. Kostrzewski in Antiquity, xii (1938), 311–17.

page 9 note 1 Childe, V. G., ‘The Lausitz Culture’, Antiquity, ii (1928), 37 f.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 9 note 2 V. G. Childe, Antiquity, ii (1928), map on p. 41; Deutscher Kulturatlas (G. Lüdke and L. Mackensen), Berlin-Leipzig, 1931, i, maps 11, 15a, and 16; E. Wahle, Deutsche Vorzeit, Leipzig, 1932, maps 3 and 4; H. Kühn, Die vorgeschichtliche Kunst Deutschlands, Berlin, 1935, map on p. 328, etc.

page 9 note 3 L. Kozłowski, ‘Mapy Kultury Łużyckiej’ (Maps of the Lusatian Culture), Kwartalnik Historyczny (The Historical Quarterly), xl, Lwów, 1926; W. Antoniewicz, Archeologia Polski (Archaeology of Poland), Warszawa, 1928, fig. 22; T. Sulimirski, Kultura Wysocka (Wysocko Culture), Kraków, 193; id., ‘Problem ekspansji kultury łużyckiej na Ukrain’ (The Problem of the Expansion of the Lusatian Culture into the Ukraine), Wiadomości Archeologiczne (Archaeological News), xiv, Warszawa, 1936.

page 9 note 4 E. Petersen, Die frühgermanische Kultur in Ostdeutschland und Polen, Berlin, 1929.

page 9 note 5 Id., loc. cit., table 36; E. Wahle, Deutsche Vorzeit, map 5.

page 10 note 1 M. Jahn, ‘Völkerwanderungen vor der Völkerwanderungszeit in Schlesien’, Mannus-Ergänzungsband, vi, Leipzig 1928, (Kossinna Memorial Volume), 271–7 and the map.

page 10 note 2 V. Pârvan, Dacia, Cambridge, 1928, 35 f.

page 11 note 1 Skythien und der Bosporus, p. 488.

page 11 note 2 Marton, L. v., ‘Die Frühlatènezeit in Ungarn’, Archaeologia Hungarica, xi, Budapest, 1933, 113.Google Scholar