Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:03:00.190Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A LAST EASTER SEPULCHRE: THOMAS WEVER AND ST MARY’S CHURCH, TARRANT HINTON, DORSET

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2022

Timothy P Connor*
Affiliation:
Myrtle Cottage, Powerstock, Dorset DT6 3TD, UK. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The defaced and probably unfinished Easter sepulchre at St Mary’s Church, Tarrant Hinton, in Dorset is exceptional in its scale and sophisticated renaissance decoration, in comparison to other sixteenth-century structures associated with contemporary Easter liturgy. Previous notice of it has been impeded by failure to assess properly the upper part of the monument, which new photography now renders accessible. This demonstrates a remarkable resemblance between its (defaced) angels and the bronze angels by Benedetto da Rovezzano being prepared at Westminster in the late 1520s for the tomb of Cardinal Wolsey; while the lower part of the structure displays influence from contemporary French decoration.

This structure is assessed in the contexts of other monuments of the early sixteenth century intended to support a temporary Easter sepulchre and of what can be reconstructed of the career of the minor but wealthy cleric who was responsible for its erection. Thomas Wever MA (d. 1536) made additions to two of his rectories besides building substantial extensions on the north side of Tarrant Hinton church. It is suggested that both his building there and the Easter sepulchre itself are unfinished and were abandoned at his death as a result of his continued indebtedness. The sepulchre itself suggests a direction that English church decoration never took.

Type
Research paper
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society of Antiquaries of London

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Manuscript sources

Bodleian, ms Top. Dorset d.4, fols 131 and 142: T Rackett to R Gough, 4 September 1801 and 5 June 1804Google Scholar
CP40/1031 m.109f; CP40/1084.d; CP 40/1092 m.69f. Citations to CP40 in TNA documents refer to the digital archive assembled by Robert C Palmer, Elspeth K Palmer and Susanne Jenks, The Anglo-American Legal Tradition (aalt.law.uh.edu/aalt.html), hereafter AALTGoogle Scholar
D1/2/15 Register of Lorenzo CampeggioGoogle Scholar
D1/2/16 Register of [Bishop] Nicholas ShaxtonGoogle Scholar
D28/6/12 Rebuilding of Tarrant Hinton rectoryGoogle Scholar
DHC, PE/TTH/2/2/8Google Scholar
E179/259/17 ‘The Certificate of the howsehold’ of Bishop AudleyGoogle Scholar
Kent Archives, PRC/32/16/33b Will of John Asten of Rolvenden, 1533Google Scholar
Lambeth Palace Archives, ICBS file 9647: Tarrant Hinton. Plan of Tarrant Hinton Church, ‘As Restored’ by A W N Burder, 1893Google Scholar
PE/TTH/CW2/2/5 Tarrant Hinton Churchwardens’ papersGoogle Scholar
PROB 11/7/294 will of Thomas Wyndesor of Stanwell, Middx, 1486Google Scholar
PROB 11/16/838 will of Robert Hawke of Dedham, Essex, 1510Google Scholar
PROB 11/20/389 will of Sir John Peche of Lullingstone, Kent 1522Google Scholar
PROB 11/21/484 will of Edmund Audeley Bishop of Salisbury, 1524Google Scholar
PROB 11/21/505 will of George Twynyhoo, 1525Google Scholar
PROB 11/24/170 will of Robert Pyke, 1532Google Scholar
PROB 11/28/548 will of Thomas Wever of Barford St Martin, Wilts, 1541Google Scholar
PROB 11/31/37 will of Sir John Spelman of Nasburgh, Norfolk 1546Google Scholar
Southampton City Archives, Port Books SC 5/4/37, 38, 40Google Scholar
SPAB, Tarrant Hinton fileGoogle Scholar
St John’s College Archives, Cambridge, D.106.1Google Scholar
TNA, C 1/631/7, Bill of Complaint of Richard Edon, Prebendary of Stratton, against Wever, executor of Robert HarysGoogle Scholar
T/TTH Tithe Apportionment map, Tarrant Hinton, 1840Google Scholar
University College Oxford, UNIV ms 169: Barking AbbeyGoogle Scholar
Westminster Abbey Library, ms 12261, Letters of Denization, 1544Google Scholar
WSA, D1/2/14 Register of [Bishop] Edmund AudleyGoogle Scholar

Secondary sources

Anon 1623. A Venerable Aspect of both the Houses of Conuocation, of the Reuerand Prelates and Clergy of the Prouince of Canterbury assembled … Feb. 13 1623, Society of Antiquaries, London Google Scholar
Badham, S 2015. Seeking Salvation: commemorating the dead in the late-medieval parish, Paul Watkin, Donington Google Scholar
Bailey, B, Pevsner, N and Cherry, B (eds) 2013. Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, Yale University Press, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Yardley, Bagnall, A and Mann, J D (eds) 2014. The Liturgical Dramas of Holy Week for Barking Abbey, University of Iowa, Iowa City Google Scholar
Biddle, M 1993. ‘Early renaissance at Winchester’, in Crook, J (ed), Winchester Cathedral: nine hundred years, 257304, Phillimore, Chichester Google Scholar
Blomefield, F and Parkin, C 1807. An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk , Vol 6, W Miller, London Google Scholar
Bloxam, M 1872. ‘On Easter sepulchres’, Ass Architect Soc Rep Papers, 11, 6782 Google Scholar
Bond, F 1916. The Chancel of English Churches, Wentworth Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Brewer, J S 1862. Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic of the Reign of Henry VIII, Vol 1, HSMO, London Google Scholar
Byng, G 2016. ‘The dynamic of design: “source” buildings and contract making in England in the later Middle Ages’, Architect Hist, 59, 123–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byng, G 2017. Church Building and Society in the Later Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cagliotti, F 2012. ‘Bendetto da Rovezzano in England: new light on the Cardinal Wolsey–Henry VIII tomb’, in Sicca, C M and Waldman, L (eds), The Anglo-Florentine Renaissance: art for the early Tudors, 117202, Studies in British Art, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Cherry, B 1984. ‘An early sixteenth-century tomb design’, Architect Hist, 27, 8696 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, T P 2019. “‘A dream of Tarrant Hinton”: a Dorset pageant in stained glass’, Proc Dorset Nat Hist and Archaeol Soc, 140, 1219 Google Scholar
Cornwall, J 1957. The Lay Subsidy Rolls for the County of Sussex, 1524–1525, Vol 56, Sussex Record Society, Lewes Google Scholar
Cousins, D 2013. ‘Monasteries and monasticism in late medieval Dorset’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Winchester Google Scholar
Crossley, A and Currie, C R J (eds) 1996. A History of the County of Oxford: 13, Bampton Hundred, Victoria County History, London Google Scholar
Duffy, E 1992. The Stripping of the Altars, Yale University Press, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Emden, A B 1974. A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford, AD 1500–1540, Clarendon Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Faunch, C 1998. ‘Church monuments and commemoration in Devon c 1530–1640’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of ExeterGoogle Scholar
Fowler, J 1951. Medieval Sherborne, Longmans, Dorchester Google Scholar
Freeman, J 2013. ‘The commemorative strategies of the Frowycks in medieval London and Middlesex’, Trans Monument Brass Soc, 18 (5), 391422 Google Scholar
Fuller, A 2005. Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal letters. 20 Leo X (1513–1521: Lateran Registers part 1), Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin Google Scholar
Garraway Rice, R 1936. Transcript of Sussex Wills, Chiddingly–Horsham, Vol 42 (ed W H Godfrey), Sussex Record Society, Lewes Google Scholar
Girouard, M 2021. A Biographical Dictionary of English Architecture 1540–1640, Paul Mellon Centre, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Gough, R 1786–96. Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain, 5 vols, J Nichols, London Google Scholar
Gunn, S J and Lindley, P G (eds) 1991. Cardinal Wolsey: church, state and art, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
Harris, J 1955. ‘Dorset Baroque’, Country Life, 22 SeptGoogle Scholar
Harrison, A and Burnett, C J 2017. ‘Scottish lettering of the 16th century’, Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 147, 219–41Google Scholar
Heales, A 1869. ‘Easter sepulchres; their object nature and history’, Archaeologia, 42, 263308 Google Scholar
Herbert, C 2006. ‘Permanent Easter sepulchres: a Victorian re-creation?Church Archaeol, 7–9, 2003–5, 7–20Google Scholar
Herbert, C 2007. ‘English Easter sepulchres: the history of an idea’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Higgins, A 1894. ‘On the work of Florentine sculptors in England in the early part of the sixteenth century: with special reference to the tombs of Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII’, Archaeol J, 51, 129220 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, M 1987. The Early Tudor Country House: architecture and politics, 1490–1550, Hamlyn, London Google Scholar
Hunt, C 1895. ‘Old chests’, Trans Birmingham Archaeol Soc, 20, 80 Google Scholar
Hutchins, J 1774. History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, 2 vols, W Bowyer and J Nichols, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hutchins, J 1815. History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, 2nd edn, 4 vols (additions and corrections), J Nichols, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hutchins, J 1861–73. Shipp, W and Hodson, J W (eds) 1973. History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, 3rd edn, 4 vols, Westminster Google Scholar
Hutchinson, R 2010. ‘Piety in peril: a religiously conservative sixteenth century school of monuments in Sussex, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of SussexGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, R 2020. ‘Piety in peril: sixteenth-century “Chichester School” monuments and a case study in iconoclasm’, in Steer, C (ed), The Monuments Man: essays in honour of Jerome Bertram, 171200, Shaun Tyas, Donnington Google Scholar
James, T B (ed) 1990. The Port Book of Southampton 1509–10, Vols I and II, Soton Rec Ser 32–33, University of Southampton, SouthamptonGoogle Scholar
Lindley, P 1991. ‘Playing check-mate with royal majesty? Wolsey’s patronage of Italian renaissance sculpture’, in Gunn and Lindley 1991, 261–85Google Scholar
Lindley, P 2003. “‘The singular mediacion and praiers of al the holie companie of Heven” sculptural functions and forms in Henry VII’s chapel’, in Tatton-Brown, T and Mortimer, R (eds), Westminster Abbey: the lady chapel of Henry VII, 259–93, Boydell, Woodbridge Google Scholar
MacCulloch, D (ed) 1976. ‘The chorography of Suffolk’, Suffolk Rec Soc, 19, 84–7Google Scholar
Marks, R 1987. ‘Windows in early Tudor country houses’, in Williams, D (ed), Early Tudor England, 133–4, Harlaxton Symposium, Donington Google Scholar
Marks, R and Williamson, P (eds) 2003. Gothic Art for England, 1400–1547, British Museum, London Google Scholar
Newman, J 1991. ‘Cardinal Wolsey’s collegiate foundations’, in Gunn and Lindley 1991, 113–14Google Scholar
Newman, J and Pevsner, N 1972. Buildings of England: Dorset, Yale University Press, London Google Scholar
Oakes, C 2011. ‘In pursuit of Heaven: the two chantry chapels of Bishop Edmund Audley at Hereford and Salisbury cathedrals’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 164, 196220 Google Scholar
RCHM 1970, An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Dorset. III: central Dorset, RCHM(E), LondonGoogle Scholar
RCHM 1972. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Dorset. IV: north Dorset, RCHM(E), LondonGoogle Scholar
RCHM 1975. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Dorset. V: east Dorset, RCHM(E), LondonGoogle Scholar
Record Commission 1810. Valor Ecclesiasticus II, London Google Scholar
Riall, N 2007. ‘Thomas Bertie and the Pexall tomb at Sherborne St John’, Hants Field Club & Archaeol Soc, 62, 143–67Google Scholar
Riall, N 2008. ‘The diffusion of early Franco-Italian All’Antica ornament: the renaissance frieze in the chapel of St Cross, Winchester, and the Gaillon stalls, now at St Denis, Paris’, Antiq J, 88, 259307 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2009. ‘All’antica carving of the early Tudor renaissance at St Mary’s Church, Old Basing, Hampshire’, Hants Field Club & Archaeol Soc, 147, 147–71Google Scholar
Riall, N 2014. The Renaissance Stalls at the Hospital of St Cross, guidebook, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2015. ‘Thomas Bertie: the master-mason at Winchester Cathedral c 1515–50’, Antiq J, 95, 211–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A Scott 1886. ‘Lullingstone, Church of St Botolph’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 16, 99113 Google Scholar
Rutter, J 1829. Delineations of the North West Division of the County of Somerset, Longman, Rees, and Co, LondonGoogle Scholar
Salzman, L F 1967. Building in England Down to 1540: a documentary history, Oxford University Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Sandford, F 1683. Genealogical History of the Kings of England, and the Monarchs of Great Britain, T N for the author, LondonGoogle Scholar
Sekules, V 1986. ‘The tomb of Christ at Lincoln and the development of the sacrament shrine: Easter sepulchres reconsidered’, in P Kidson, (ed), British Archaeological Association: art and architecture at Lincoln, 118–31, Brit Archaeol Ass Conf Trans Ser 8, British Archaeological Association, LincolnGoogle Scholar
Sekules, V 2003. ‘Easter sepulchre’, Grove Art Online, https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T024749 (accessed 11 November 2021)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheingorn, P 1987. The Easter Sepulchre in England, Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan Google Scholar
Stoate, T L 1982. Dorset Tudor Subsidies, 1523–1593, privately published, BristolGoogle Scholar
Strachey, S 2012. ‘Condition and recommendation report the Easter sepulchre St Mary’s Church Tarrant Hinton, Dorset’, unpublished conservation reportGoogle Scholar
Tatton-Brown, T, Lepine, D and Saul, N (eds) 2013. ‘Incomparabilissime Fabrice: architectural history of Salisbury Cathedral, c 1297–1548’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 166, 5198 Google Scholar
Ward, J H 1890. ‘Easter sepulchres’, in Norris, H, Weaver, F W and Mayo, C H (eds), Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries: Sherborne 1, 148–9Google Scholar
Waters, M J 2012. ‘A renaissance without order: ornament, single-sheet engravings and the mutability of architectural prints’, J Soc Architect Hist, 71, 488523 Google Scholar
Weever, J 1631. Ancient Funerall Monuments, privately published, LondonGoogle Scholar
Willis, R and Clark, J W 1886. The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge, Vol 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
Wood, C 2010. ‘The cage chantries of Christ Church Priory’, in Baron, C and Burgess, C (eds), Memory and Commemoration in Medieval England, 234–50, Harlaxton Stud 20, Donington Google Scholar