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FROM NORTHAMPTON TO NORTHUMBERLAND: THE STRAND PALACE DURING THE SUFFOLK OWNERSHIP AND THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF ALGERNON PERCY, TENTH EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1614–68

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2014

Manolo Guerci
Manolo Guerci*
Affiliation:
Kent School of Architecture, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

This paper is a continuation of one that appeared in this journal in 2010.1 That earlier paper explored the house built by Lord Henry Howard, first Earl of Northampton, between 1605 and his death in 1614. This one investigates the Suffolk ownership in the years between Howard’s death and 1642, as well as the subsequent acquisition and transformation of the house by Algernon Percy, tenth Earl of Northumberland, between 1642 and 1668. The first period has never been studied with the benefit of archival research and, if architecturally uneventful, offers interesting insights into the political and patrimonial affairs of the time. The second was analysed by Jeremy Wood in 1993 within an essay dealing with the whole of Algernon’s building activity,2 and not therefore in relation to the architectural development of Northumberland House specifically. It is argued here that Northumberland’s work is of crucial importance, as he turned this predominantly urban palace, with its public rooms overlooking the Strand, into a rus in urbe, an aspect that was to be a decisive influence on its many later refurbishments. In addition, investigating Algernon’s work through a close analysis of the primary sources sheds new light on the debate about the development of architecture during the English Civil War.

Résumé

Cet article fait suite à celui publié dans ce journal en 2010. Ce dernier explorait le palais construit par Lord Henry Howard, 1er comte de Northampton, entre 1605 et sa mort, en 1614. Ceci analise les années situées entre la mort de Howard et 1642, connus comme la période Suffolk car le palais était passé à le 1er comte de Suffolk, neveu de Northampton, ainsi que l’acquisition et transformationes ultérieures du même palais par Algernon Percy, 10e comte de Northumberland, entre 1642 et 1668. La première période, qui n’a jamais été étudiée avec l’éclairage des recherches archivistiques, toute en présentant peu de nouveautés architecturales offre néanmoins un regard intéressant sur les affaires politiques et patrimoniales de l’époque. La seconde période a été analysée par Jeremy Wood en 1993, dans un essai relatif à l’intégralité de l’activité bâtisseuse d’Algernon et non pas, donc, au développement architectural du palais de Northumberland. Il est suggéré ici que le travail de Northumberland est d’une importance cruciale, car il aurait transformé un palais principalement urbain, avec ses salles publiques surplombant la rue principale, le Strand, en rus in urbe, trait qui devait avoir une influence décisive sur les nombreuses rénovations à suivre. En outre, l’étude du travail d’Algernon par une analyse minutieuse des sources d’archive projette une nouvelle lumière sur le débat portant sur l’évolution de l’architecture pendant la Première Révolution anglaise.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Abhandlung schließt an eine Abhandlung an, die 2010 in dieser Zeitschrift erschienen ist. Darin war das Gebäude untersucht worden, das Lord Henry Howard, 1. Earl of Northampton, zwischen 1605 und seinem Tod im Jahre 1614 erbaut hat. Die vorliegende Abhandlung untersucht nun den Besitz in den Jahren zwischen Howards Tod und 1642, sowie den nachfolgenden Erwerb und den Umbau des Hauses durch Algernon Percy, 10. Earl of Northumberland, zwischen 1642 und 1668. Der erste Zeitabschnitt ist nie mit Hilfe von Archivrecherchen untersucht worden, die in architektonischer Hinsicht zwar ereignisarm waren, andererseits aber interessante Einblicke in die Rolle der Percies in der Politikund der Entwicklung ihres Landbesitzes. Der zweite Zeitabschnitt wurde von Jeremy Wood 1993 in einem Aufsatz analysiert, der sich mit der gesamten Bautätigkeit Algernons und folglich nicht ganz spezifisch mit der architektonischen Entwicklung von Northumberland House befasst. Es wird darin argumentiert, dass Northumberlands Tätigkeit von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung ist, da er diesen vorwiegend städtischen Palast mit seinen öffentlichen Räumlichkeiten, die den Blick auf die Straße The Strand freigeben, in ein rus in urbe, ein „Land in der Stadt”, verwandelte, was einen prägenden Einfluss auf die vielen späteren Renovierungen hatte. Außerdem gibt die Untersuchung von Algernons Tätigkeit mittels einer genauen Analyse der Primärquellen neue Aufschlüsse zur Debatte über die Entwicklung der Architektur während des Englischen Bürgerkriegs.

Type
Papers
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 94 , September 2014 , pp. 211 - 251
Copyright
© The Society of Antiquaries of London 2014 

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