Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:28:40.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Eastern Arm of Norwich Cathedral and the Augustinian Priory of st Bartholomew's, Smithfield, in London

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Jill A Franklin
Jill A Franklin
Affiliation:
12 Well Road, London NW3 ILH, UK. E-mail: .
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The church of St Bartholomew the Great in West Smithfield is not generally thought of as a building of major importance, probably because the plan of its presbytery seems to suggest that it was a rather outmoded imitation of Norwich Cathedral. The first part of this paper examines the basis for such an assumption and offers an explanation for the similarities between the presbyteries of the two buildings. Affiliations between the two institutions are placed in the wider context of the aspirations of the London episcopate in the decades either side of II00. Smithfield emerges as an extraordinary building, highly untypical of contemporary Augustinian architecture. The twelfth-century foundation narrative of Smithfield implies that, while in building, the church struck onlookers as astonishingly innovative. Taken at face value, this is puzzling, since most of the elements of its design had been common architectural currency for a generation or more. This apparently paradoxical situation is explored in the second part of the paper and the basis for Smithfield's perceived modernity while under construction very tentatively reconstructed.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 86 , September 2006 , pp. 110 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander, J 1969. ‘Herbert of Norwich, 1091–1119: studies in the history of Norman England’, Stud Med Renaissance Hist, 6, 158–61Google Scholar
Anderson, F 1992. ‘Uxor mea: the first wife of William of Warenne’, Sussex Archaeol Collect, 131, 107–29Google Scholar
Atherton, I, Fernie, E C, Harper-Bill, C and Smith, H 1996. Norwich Cathedral. Church, City and Diocese 1096–1996, London and Rio GrandeGoogle Scholar
Barlow, F 1963. The English Church 1000–1066: A Constitutional History, 2 vols, 1963Google Scholar
Barlow, F 1983. William Rufus, LondonGoogle Scholar
Barrow, J (ed) 1993. English Episcopal Acta VII: Hereford, 1079–1254, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Bethell, D 1969. ‘English Black Monks and episcopal elections in the 1120s’, Engl Hist Rev, 84, 673–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birch, W de G 1887. Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, 6 vols, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bradley, S and Pevsner, N 1997. The Buildings of England. London I: The City of London, New Haven and LondonGoogle Scholar
Brooke, C N L 1951. ‘The composition of the chapter of St Paul's, 1086–1183’, Cambridge Hist J, 10/2, 111–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooke, C and Keir, G 1975. London 800–1216: The Shaping of a City, LondonGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J 1996. ‘The East Anglian sees before the Conquest’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 3–21Google Scholar
Casimiro da Roma, , 1845. Memorie istoriche delle chiese e dei conventi dei Frati Minori della Provincial romana, 2nd edn, RomeGoogle Scholar
Chibnall, M (ed) 1969–1980. Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, 6 vols, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Clapham, A W 1934. English Romanesque Architecture after the Conquest, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Davidson Cragoe, C 2004. ‘Fabric, tombs and precinct 1087–1540’, in St Paul's: The Cathedral Church of London 604–2004 (eds Keene, D, Burns, A and Saint, A), 127–42, LondonGoogle Scholar
Davis, H W C and Whitwell, R J (eds) 1913. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, I, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Denton, J H 1970. English Royal Free Chapels, ManchesterGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J C 1950. The Origins of the Austin Canons and their Introduction into England, LondonGoogle Scholar
Dugdale, W 1830. Monasticon Anglicanum, VI, pt I (eds Caley, J, Bandinell, B and Ellis, H), LondonGoogle Scholar
Fernie, E C 1993. An Architectural History of Norwich Cathedral, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Fernie, E C 2000. The Architecture of Norman England, OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, J A 2004. ‘Augustinian architecture in the twelfth century: the context for Carlisle Cathedral’, in Carlisle and Cumbria. Roman and Medieval Architecture, Art and Archaeology (eds McCarthy, M and Weston, D), Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans, XXVII, 73–88, LeedsGoogle Scholar
Gem, R 1990. ‘The Romanesque architecture of Old St Paul's Cathedral and its late eleventh-century context’, in Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology in London (ed Grant, L), Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans, X, 47–63, LeedsGoogle Scholar
Gem, R 1995. ‘Staged timber spires in Carolingian north-east France and late Anglo-Saxon England’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 148, 29–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genicot, L F 1970. ‘L'oeuvre architecturale d'Adelard II de St-Trond et ses antecedents’, Revue Beige d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art, 39, 3–91Google Scholar
Goulburn, E M and Symonds, H 1878. The Life, Letters and Sermons of Bishop Herbert de Losinga, 2 vols, Oxford and LondonGoogle Scholar
Green, J A 1986. The Government of England under Henry I, CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper-Bill, C (ed) 1980, Blythborough Priory Cartulary, 2 vols, WoodbridgeGoogle Scholar
Harper-Bill, C (ed) 1999. English Episcopal Acta: VI, Norwich 1070–1214, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Héliot, P 1962. ‘La Cathedrale de Tournai’, Congrès Archeologique, 120, 254–89Google Scholar
Héliot, P 1965. ‘Sur les tours de transept dans l'architecture du Moyen Age’, Revue Archéologique, 1, 171–6Google Scholar
Heslop, T A 1996. ‘The medieval conventual seals’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 443–50Google Scholar
Heywood, S 1982. ‘The ruined church at North Elmham’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 135, 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heywood, S 1988. ‘The round towers of East Anglia’, in Minsters and Parish Churches: The Local Church in Transition 900–1200 (ed Blair, J), Oxford Univ Comm Archaeol Monogr, 17, 169–77, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Heywood, S 1996. ‘The Romanesque building’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 73–115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollister, C W 2001. Henry I, LondonGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C and Cronne, H A (eds) 1956. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, II, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Kempf, T 1968. ‘Grundrissentwicklung und Baugeschichte des Trierer Domes’, Das Münster, 21, 1–32Google Scholar
Kerling, N J M 1972. ‘The foundation of St Bartholomew's Hospital in West Smithfield, London’, Guildhall Miscellany, 4/3, 137–48Google ScholarPubMed
Krautheimer, R 1980. Rome. Profile of a City, 312–1308, PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Krautheimer, R 1986. Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, HarmondsworthGoogle Scholar
Le Neve, J 1968. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 1066–1300, I, St Paul's London (compiled by D E Greenway), LondonGoogle Scholar
Leo, F 1881. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores Antiquissimi, IV, pt I, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S 1969. ‘The Latin iconography of the single-naved Basilica Apostolorum in Milan’, Art Butt, 51, 205–19Google Scholar
Luard, H R (ed) 1859. Bartholomaei de Cotton monachi Norwicensis Historia Anglicana 449–1298, Rolls ser, XVI, LondonGoogle Scholar
Lundgren, K 2000. ‘The twelfth-century church of St Bartholomew, Smithfield’, unpublished MA report, York University, Toronto, 1–35Google Scholar
Morey, A and Brooke, C N L (eds) 1965. Gilbert Foliot and his Letters, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Neininger, F (ed) 1999. English Episcopal Acta XV: London, 1076–1187, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Neyes, A 1989. ‘Die früottonische Abteikirche St Maximin in Trier’, Kunstchronik, 42, 102–9Google Scholar
Nicholl, N 1964. Thurstan Archbishop of York, YorkGoogle Scholar
Norton, C 2001. ‘Archbishop Thomas of Bayeux and the Norman cathedral at York’, Borthwick Pap, 100, YorkGoogle Scholar
Pestell, T 2000. ‘Monastic foundation strategies in the early Norman diocese of Norwich’, Anglo-Norman Studies, 23, 199–229Google Scholar
Pestell, T 2004. Landscapes of Monastic Foundation. The Establishment of Religious Houses in East Anglia c 650–1200, WoodbridgeGoogle Scholar
Plant, R 1998. ‘English Romanesque architecture and the Holy Roman Empire’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of LondonGoogle Scholar
Porter, A K 1915–1917. Lombard Architecture, 4 vols, New HavenGoogle Scholar
RCHME 1929. Roy Comm Hist Monuments Engl Inventories, London, IV, The City, 123–9Google Scholar
Rumble, A 1986. Domesday Book: Suffolk, 2 vols, London and ChichesterGoogle Scholar
Saunders, H W (ed) 1939. The First Register of Norwich Cathedral Priory, Norfolk Record Society, II, NorwichGoogle Scholar
Stalley, R 1999. Early Medieval Architecture, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, W (ed) 1876. Radulfi de Diceto decani Lundoniensis opera historica, 2 vols, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores, LXVIII, LondonGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, B (ed) 1848–1949. Florence of Worcester, Chronicon ex chronicis, 2 vols, English Historical Society, LondonGoogle Scholar
Thurlby, M 1995. ‘Hereford Cathedral: the Romanesque fabric’, in Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology at Hereford (ed Whitehead, D), Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans, XV, 15–28, LeedsGoogle Scholar
Thurlby, M 2002. ‘Minor cruciform churches in Norman England and Wales’, Anglo-Norman Studies, 24, 239–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urban, S 1790. ‘Priory hall of St Bartholomew’, Gentleman's Magazine, 60, 9Google Scholar
Virgoe, R 1996. ‘The estates of Norwich Cathedral Priory, 1101–1538’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 338–59Google Scholar
Wangart, A 1972. Das Munster zu Freiburg im Breisgau im Rechten Mass, Freiburg im BreisgauGoogle Scholar
Webb, EA 1921. The Records of St Bartholomew's Smithfield, 2 vols, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Webb, E A 1923. The Book of the Foundation of the Church of St Bartholomew, London, OxfordGoogle Scholar
West, JK 1993. ‘The twelfth-century building and its context’, in The Priory Church of St Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield. The Guild of Rahere. Annual Report, 19–29Google Scholar
Whitelock, D, Brett, M and Brooke, C (eds) 1981. Councils and Synods with other Documents relating to the English Church, 2 vols, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Wollaston, D 1996, ‘Herbert de Losinga’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 22–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodman, F 1996. ‘The Gothic campaigns’, in Atherton et al. 1996, 158–96Google Scholar
Zarnecki, G 1984. ‘Sculpture’, in English Romanesque Art 1066–1200 (eds Zarnecki, G, Holt, J and Holland, T), 146–209, LondonGoogle Scholar