^{page 35 note 1} For an obituary, see Antiq. Journ. liii (1973), 405 fGoogle Scholar.

^{page 35 note 2} The term chimney-pots is preferred to roofventilators in view of the fact that they were designed, as will be argued below, to exhaust hot gases from within buildings rather than simply to introduce fresh air.

^{page 35 note 3} Surrey Arch. Coll. xxvii (1926), 144–63, and xxviii (1930), 1–17 and 132–48Google Scholar.

^{page 35 note 4} Ibid, xlii (1934), 61—6.

^{page 35 note 5} Britannia, iii (1972), 146–7 and fig. 20Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 1} Mr. Drury suggests the possibility of candlecovers. I am much indebted to him for his generosity in letting me see his drawings and descriptions and for allowing me to include references in the site list.

^{page 36 note 2} ‘Medieval Chimney-pots’ in Jope, E. M. (ed.), Studies in Building History (1961), pp. 78–93Google Scholar; id., ‘Medieval Pottery Roof Ventilators and Finials found at Aardenburg, Zeeland, and Post-Medieval Finials at Deventer, Overijssel’, in Berichten van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek, xviii (1968), 209—25Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 3} For the distribution in Britain see below (pp. 41–8); a representative foreign distribution is given by Behrens in Mainzer Zeitschrift, xxxvii/xxxviii (1942/3), 87, n.5Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 1} The detailed references and dates of the Romano-British specimens are given in the following list (pp. 41–8).

^{page 37 note 2} Behrens, op. cit. (1942/3), 87 and Taf. 8, 1.

^{page 37 note 3} Nagy, L., ‘A Cellar-Find in the Aquincum Civil-Town (The Problem of the Pannonian Clay Lantern Towers)’, Budapest Régiségei, xiv (1945), 197 and fig. 13Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 4} The York examples (fig. 3, 2–5, pl. 1b and, below, p. 47) were described by Home as flue or chimney cowls (Gordon Home, Roman york (1924.), pp. 163–4)Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 1} Not easily translatable into English, since ‘lighthouses’ is obviously inappropriate; perhaps the term ‘house-shaped lamp-holders’ will do.

^{page 38 note 2} Loeschcke, Siegfried, ‘Antike Laternen und Lichthäuschen’, Bonner Jahrbücher, cxviii (1909), 370—430Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 3} R. E. M., and Wheeler, T. V., Verulamium, a Belgic and Two Roman Cities (1936), p. 190, fig. 32, no. 43, and pl. LVIII (right)Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 4} Ibid., pl. LVIII (left).

^{page 38 note 5} ‘The Roman “Chimney-Pots” from Ashtead’, Surrey Arch. Coll. xlii (1934), 61–6Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 6} ‘A Roman “Votive Lantern” from Newstead’, P.S.A.S. lxx (1935–6), 387–91Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 7} ‘Die tōnerne Porte des Uarus von Intercisa’, in Beiträge zur älteren europäischen Kulturgeschichte (Festschrift für Rudolf Egger), i (1952), pp. 114–25Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 8} ‘Lichthäuschen oder Schornsteinaufsatz’, Mainzer Zeitschrift, xxxvii/xxxviii (1942/3), 87Google Scholar and Taf. 8.

^{page 38 note 9} Mr. L. S. Harley, F.S.A., kindly drew the author's attention to and sent a photograph of Sardinian chimney-pots, square in section, with side-openings, and knobbed pyramidal tops.

^{page 38 note 10} Oelmann, op. cit., p. 120.

^{page 39 note 1} See p. 35, n. 3.

^{page 39 note 2} Op. cit. (1968).

^{page 39 note 3} Op. cit. (1952), pp. 117, 119.

^{page 39 note 4} Cf., for example, the full discussion by L. Nagy of the Pannonian examples, op. cit. (1945), 155—202.

^{page 39 note 5} Op. cit. (1952), p. 120.

^{page 40 note 1} Op. cit. (1909), p. 406 and Abb. 19, 3–5.

^{page 40 note 2} Many are, in fact, products of the thriving Bath stone industry, as Mr. Philip Rahtz, F.S.A., has pointed out to me, but, without detailed geological examination, one cannot be certain that all the quoted examples derive from this centre.

^{page 40 note 3} Trans. Cardiff Naturalists' Soc. xx (1888), 53, 56 and fig. CGoogle Scholar; Ward, John, Romano-British Buildings and Earthworks (1911), p. 264 and fig. 78Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 4} Arch. Camb. cii (1953), 132 and pls. iv, 1, xi, 3Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 5} Arch. Camb. 5th ser. x (1893), 340.

^{page 40 note 6} V.C.H. Somerset, i (1906), p. 313 and fig. 70Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 7} Archaeologia, lxii (1911), pl. LIX, fig. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 8} V.C.H. Somerset, i (1906), p. 260 and fig. 38Google Scholar; Cunliffe, B., Roman Bath (1969), p. 205 and pl. LXXIXbGoogle Scholar.

^{page 40 note 9} In site museum; see Goodburn, Roger, The Roman Villa, Chedworth (1972), p. 28 and pl. xii, 1Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 10} Report by W. J. Wodlake, forthcoming (see pl. v).

^{page 40 note 11} Hewitt, A.T.Morley, Roman Villa, West Park, Rockbourne, Hants (1971), pls. viB and CGoogle Scholar.

^{page 40 note 12} Wilts. Arch. Mag. vii (1862), 65 and pl. iv, 7, 8Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 13} Proc. Somerset Arch. and Nat. Hist. Soc. xcvi (1952), 114Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 14} Britannia, iv (1973), 315, fig. 14 and pl. xxxiiia (see pl. via)Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 15} As the Richborough monument (Strong, D. E. in Richborough, v (1968), pp. 40–73, and especially 72–3)Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 16} As the Janus Quadrifrons at Rome.

^{page 40 note 17} Rolland, H., Le Mausolée de Glanum (XXI ^e supplément to Gallia, 1969)Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 18} I am indebted to Mr. W. G. Putnam, F.S.A., for the fine photograph and his permission to publish it here.

^{page 40 note 19} n. 14 above.

^{page 41 note 1} Radan, T. G., ‘Angaben zur Frage der sogenannten “Leuchttürme”’, Gorsium Forschungen, i (1974), 149–61 (I am indebted to Mr. John Hopkins for calling my attention to this)Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 2} Mócsy, A., Pannonia and Upper Moesia (1974), pp. 173 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 41 note 3} Op. cit. (1942/3), 87.

^{page 41 note 4} In Jope, (ed.), op. cit. (1961), pp. 83–4 and 92, and fig. 5, 4Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 5} Ibid., p. 92, n. 4.

^{page 41 note 6} Antiq. Journ. liv (1974), 305 f. and fig. 8Google Scholar.