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The Norman Bank of Colchester Castle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

M. Aylwin Cotton
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Extract

During the excavations at Colchester in 1950, in Insula 22 of the Colonia, the Norman Bank was sectioned. An account has been given of the underlying Roman structures, but not of the later phases of this earthwork. They consisted of the Norman Bank itself and a later make-up.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , March 1962 , pp. 57 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1962

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References

page 57 note 1 Hull, M. R., Roman Colchester, Research Report No. XX (1958), pp. 180–9Google Scholar. Figs. 81 (facing p. 161) and 91 (between pp. 180 and 181) from this Report are here reproduced as fig. 1 and pl. xvi.

page 57 note 2 I am indebted to Mr. Hull for this information, found during his excavation of the southern entrance.

page 59 note 1 Mr. Hull has noted that there is a reference in an entry in Wire's diary for 1845 to a ‘thin layer of lime or chalk resting on the ground superimposed by one of concrete’ which he observed when trenches were cut in the Bailey, and suggests that it may refer to a comparable level.

page 59 note 2 Fig. 3, 6–11.

page 59 note 3 Fig. 3, 12–13 and pl. xvii.

page 59 note 4 A.N.L. 3.10 (1951), 153–9; Oswald, A., ‘The Archaeology and Economic History of English Clay Tobacco Pipes’, Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc., 3rd ser. xxii (1960), 40–102CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 59 note 5 Published in full by Carson, R. A. G., B.N.J. xxvi (1949–51), 344–5Google Scholar and pl. A, 8. The coin was presented to the British Museum by the Colchester Museum Committee.

page 60 note 1 For accounts of this prolific coinage of the mid-sixteenth to mid-seventeenth century, cf. Wyatt, James, ‘Nuremberg Tokens’, Reports and Papers the Architectural Societies, vii (1863–4), 300–5Google Scholar; and Barnard, F. P., The Casting-Counter and the Counting Board (1916), pp. 208–9.Google Scholar

page 60 note 2 Mason, Ernest N., Ancient Tokens of Colchester (1902), pp. 27Google Scholar and 81 (Benham & Co.: Colchester), Cf. also Boyne, William, Tokens issued in the 17th century in England, Wales and Ireland by Corporations, Merchants, Tradesmen, etc. (1858)Google Scholar, no. 78, p. 77, or vol. i of Williamson's ed. of 1889, no. 108. p. 216.

page 60 note 3 Report by Dr. I. W. Cornwall, Institute of Archaeology, London.

page 60 note 4 Found in the make-up of the Norman Bank. The occurrence of human bones in any earth derived from Roman levels inside the Colonia would be surprising. It may be noted, however, that Dr. Henry Laver found skeletons, which he took to be of Saxon date, on the red concrete floor inside the west wall; cf. Tr. Essex Arch. Soc. ix (1906), 123, and these may perhaps be similar remains.

page 60 note 5 Report by Dr. I. W. Cornwall, Institute of Archaeology, London.

page 61 note 1 Report by the late Miss M. I. Platt, Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh.

page 61 note 2 Report by Dr. Trewawas, British Museum (Natural History).