¹ Liversidge, J., Furniture in Roman Britain (1955) PP. 34–7, refs., pl. 42Google Scholar .

² J.R.S. xlviii (1958), 141Google Scholar ; xlix (1959), 119.

³ This is being compiled by Lady Briscoe with help from the Society's Research Fund.

⁴ Myres, J. N. L., Anglo-Saxon Pottery and the Settlement of England (Oxford, 1969), p. 140Google Scholar .

⁵ Brown, David, ‘Swastika patterns’, Angles, Saxons and Jutes, Essays presented to J. N. L. Myres, ed. Evison, Vera I. (Oxford, 1981), fig. 4Google Scholar .

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⁷ Jones, M. U., ‘The Mucking Excavations: the site plan 1965-73’, Journ. Thurrock Loc. Hist. Soc. xvii (1974), 34Google Scholar .

⁸ McWhirr, Alan (ed.), Roman Brick and Tile: Studies in Manufacture, Distribution and Use in the Western Empire (B.A.R. S-68, 1979)Google Scholar .

⁹ Brodribb, Gerald, ‘A survey of tile from the Roman bath house at Beauport Park, Battle, E. Sussex’, Britannia, x (1979), 139–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

¹⁰ Jones, M. U., ‘Excavations at Stanton Low, in the upper Ouse valley, during March 1957’, Rec. of Bucks, xvi, pt. 3 (1957-1958), 198–214Google Scholar .

¹¹ Especially by the Archaeology Unit, Bradwell Abbey Field Centre, Bradwell, Milton Keynes.

¹² Wright, R. P. ‘Roman Britain in 1958-inscriptions’, J.R.S. xlix (1959), 138Google Scholar .

¹³ Marney, P. T., unpublished report: Tile Fabrics in Milton Keynes, 18.11.80Google Scholar .

¹⁴ At the time of writing (August 1981) the candlestick is with Dr. J. Ashley-Smith who hopes to ascertain the true colours, and to analyse the metals comprising the body. Elucidation of the colours may help identification of the heraldic devices.

¹⁵ Marian Campbell points out that heraldic decoration is often fanciful rather than specific, and applied in order to give cachet to an object. This may well be the case with the Victoria and Albert candlestick (pl. LIIIb). In other cases, the heraldry is wrong because the craftsman made mistakes.

¹⁶ The more utilitarian version of folding candlestick is illustrated in the London Museum Medieval Catalogue (HMSO 1954), pp. 179–82Google Scholar . It too has attachments which may have been designed to secure rush lights. In this type the legs are attached to the stem by a rivet. A further example has been recognized in Musty, J. et al. , ‘The medieval pottery kiln at Laverstock’, Archaeologia, cii (1969), pl. xv, 149Google Scholar .

¹⁷ In 1164, the gift of 60 li made by Henry I to the nuns of Fontevrault was transmuted to the gift of the Royal Manor of Leighton. It was valued at 56 li, the value being made up by other property. The first priors take the name of the manor, though it soon changes to La Grava, and then to Grovebury. The chapel there was dedicated to St. John, and was served by a small number of brethren.

¹⁸ ‘deux chandeliers portatifs dont les pieds se démontaient de façon à pouvoir être convertis en burettes au moment de la célébration de la messe.’ L'Oeuvre de Limoges, par Ernest Rupin (1890), p. 534Google Scholar .

¹⁹ Proc. Soc. Antiq. xxxii (1920), 132–5, fig. 8Google Scholar . Height 31-2 cm. (incomplete).

²⁰ ‘The Wallace Collection contains a small folding candlestick, each of whose legs is of the same form as those of the present example: the enamelled shields are (according to the label attached) of Castile, Sicily, and Aragon’. Height 18-2 cm. Op. cit., 134Google Scholar .

²¹ It is from the collection of Mr. J. W. Frederiks, unprovenanced and incomplete. Height 16-5 cm.

²² Mme. M.-M. Gauthier says that there is another similar candlestick in the Musee de Cluny. It has recently been acquired, and might possibly be from the Ducatel Collection.

²³ ‘Celui du Tresor de Roc-Amadour est interessant. Les trois pieds se replient les uns sur les autres. Ce chandelier de Roc-Amadour est en metal légerément gravé de dessins au trait, mais on rencontre dans le collection qui sont recouverts d'emaux. A cette categorie de chandeliers portatifs se rattachent les flambeaux a pieds tournants, qu'on pouvait ranger facile-ment dans les bagages. C'est ainsi que dans le Catalogue de la collection Ducatel nous trouvons mentionné sous le No. 44: ’Deux flambeaux pliants en cuivre champlevé et emaillé. Le pied de chacun d'eux ornés d'écusson emaillds se compose de trois branches tournant sur la base de la tige. Limoges, XIII siécle. Haut om 22.” L'Oeuvre de Limoges, par Ernest Rupin (1890), p. 524Google Scholar .

²⁴ Archaeologia, xxxix (1863), 1–18Google Scholar .

²⁵ This identification was made by Prof. J. H. Whitfield.

²⁶ 1 was asked in March 1979 by Mr. John Bull of the Museum to try to date the panel by dendrochronology. A definitive paper on the painting will appear in the Museum's Journal. Meanwhile information about the research on it has appeared in articles by Norman, Geraldine in The Times (of London), 20th 10 1980 and in ART news, January 1981Google Scholar .

²⁷ I am grateful to Mr. Clovis Whitfield for a helpful comment on this subject about which little has been published.

²⁸ Purchased by the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, in March 1981.

²⁹ I am grateful to the Associate Curator of the Antwerp Museu m for this information.

³⁰ For the first publication of this ingot see Tatton-Brown, T., ‘A new late-Roman silver ingot from near Reculver’, in Kent Archaeological Review, No. 62 (Winter, 1980), 40–1Google Scholar . Much of the information in this pape r was kindly passed to m e by Mr. T. Tatton-Brown, Director of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust, and by my colleague, Miss C. M. Johns, of the Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, British Museum.

³¹ Painter, K. S., ‘A late-Roman silver ingot from Kent’, in Antiq. J. lii (1972), 84–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

³² For the Roman pound see Chantraine, H. in , Pauly-Wissowa, Real Encycl. ix A.I. (1961), 617 ff.Google Scholar , s.v. ‘uncia’.

³³ For this report we are indebted to Dr. M. Cowell.

³⁴ N.G.R. T R 208689.

³⁵ Geological observations by Mr. T. Tatton-Brown.

³⁶ Tatton-Brown, T., op. cit., 40Google Scholar ; Jessup, R. F., ‘Reculver’, in Antiquity, x (1936), 179–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

³⁷ Tatton-Brown, T., op. cit., 41Google Scholar .

³⁸ Painter, K. S., op. cit. (1972)Google Scholar ; Richborough: p. 87, no. 4, now at the Royal Museum, Canterbury; Balline, p. 88, no. 16, now at the National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.

³⁹ Holder, A., Alt-Celtischer Sprachsatz (Leipzig, 1904), s.v. ‘Isas’Google Scholar . Spain, Santiago de Cacem, CIL ii, 21: (F)abius Isas. France: Lillebonne, Holder quotes Schuerm. 2727, ‘Of Isas’.

⁴⁰ Painter, , op. cit. (1972)Google Scholar . The ingot is now in the collections of the Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities. Its registration number is P.1970, 7-2.1.

⁴¹ The ingots from Kent are now relisted in my paper in Archaeologia Cantiana for 1982. The ingots numbered 6 and 7 in my 1972 paper were included there on the basis of a personal communication to me; but they have now been omitted because late in 1980 Dr. F. Jenkins assured Mr. T. Tatton-Brown that there are in fact no silver ingots which were found at Wingham.

⁴² Kent, J. P. C., ‘Gold Coinage in the Late Roman Empire’, in Carson, R. A. G. and Sutherland, C. H. V. (eds.), Essays in Roman Coinage Presented to Harold Mattingly (Oxford, 1956), pp. 190–204Google Scholar .

⁴³ Jones, A. H. M. (ed. Brunt, P. A.), The Roman Economy. Studies in Ancient Economic and Administrative History (Oxford, 1974), pp. 203-4, and 216-19Google Scholar; Jones, A. H. M., The Decline of the Ancient World (London, 1966), pp. 154–67Google Scholar .

⁴⁴ Kent, , op. cit. (1956)Google Scholar .

⁴⁵ A.D. 361: Ammianus Marcellinus xx, 4.18; Painter, , op. cit. (1972), 85Google Scholar .

⁴⁶ Salomonson, J. W., ‘Zwei spätrömische Geschenk-Silberbarren mit eingestempelten Inschriften in Leiden’, in Oudheidkundige Mededelingen, xlii (1961), 63 ffGoogle Scholar .

⁴⁷ Jones, A. H. M., The Later Roman Empire (Oxford, 1964), iii, pp. 187–8Google Scholar ; Bastien, P. and Metzger, C., ‘Le Trésor de Beaurains (dit d'Arras)’, Numistnatique Romaine, x (1977)Google Scholar ; Kent, J. P. C. and Painter, K. S., Wealth of the Roman World. Gold and Silver A.D. 300-700 (British Museum: London, 1977), nos. 171, 172, 191, 192Google Scholar ; Weitzmann, K. (ed.), Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century: Catalogue of the Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 9, 1977, through February 12, 1978 (New York, 1979), nos. 61, 276, 295Google Scholar .

⁴⁸ Painter, , op. cit. (1972), 85Google Scholar ; Kent, and Painter, , op. cit. (1977), pp. 20–6Google Scholar ; Overbeck, B., Argentum Romanum: ein Schatzfund von spätrömischen Prunkgeschirr (Munich, 1973)Google Scholar ; Laur-Belart, R., Der spatromische Silberschatz von Kaiseraugst, Aargau (Basel, 3rd edition, 1967)Google Scholar .

⁴⁹ Painter, , op. cit. (1972), 85, 89, 91Google Scholar .

⁵⁰ Kingscote Archaeological Association, The Chessalls Excavations, Kingscote, 1975-79 seasons (Stroud, 1980), p. 33, fig. 25Google Scholar .

⁵¹ Thanks for the excellent drawings and photographs go respectively to Mr. M. Rouillard of the University of Exeter and Mr. R. L. Wilkins ofthe Institute of Archaeology, Oxford.

⁵² Oliver, A., Silverfor the Gods: 800 Years of Greek and Roman Silver (Toledo: Ohio1, 1977), p. 155, No. 102Google Scholar . I owe this reference to Dr. Martin Henig; also I. Venedikov, Higgins, R. A., Thracian Treasures from Bulgaria (London, 1976), p. 85, No. 455Google Scholar .

⁵³ I am most grateful to the Keeper, Roy Brigden, and Archivist, David Phillips, of the Institute of Agricultural History and Museum of English Rural Life of the University of Reading, for much kind help at short notice, and for supplying the print from the Guy Collection. Also to Mr. A. N. Irvine and to Mr. and Mrs. Clements of the Smerrill Farm Museum, Gloucestershire. The greatest debt of gratitute i s due, of course, to Mr. Owen.

⁵⁴ Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, registration number P.1980. 10-I.I.

⁵⁵ National Grid reference TL 025493.

⁵⁶ The restoration and re-shaping of the ring was carried out with grea t skill by Mr. Robert Holmes of the Museum's Conservation Department.

⁵⁷ Semi-quantitative analysis by the X-ray fluorescence method was carried out by Mr. Michael Cowell of the British Museu m Research Laboratory.

⁵⁸ Cowen, J. D., ‘An inscribed openwork gold ring from Corstopitum’, Arch. Ael. (4th series) xiii (1936), 310Google Scholar . Cowen, J. D., ‘The Corbridge gold ring: a footnote’, Arch. Ael. (4th series), xxvi (1948), 139Google Scholar . Charlesworth, D., ‘Roman jewellery in Northumberland and Durham’, Arch. Ael. (4t h series) xxxix (1961), 1Google Scholar ; no. 6. Kent, J. P. C. and Painter, K. S. (eds.), Wealth of the Roman World (British Museum Publications, 1977), no. 128Google Scholar . Cowen, in the 1948 reference cited, drew attention to the likelihood of the Corbridge find being an earlier piece than had at first been supposed, but his note was missed by later writers, including the present author during the compilation of the Wealth of the Roman World catalogue, and the assumption of a fourth-century date continued.

⁵⁹ Charlesworth, op. cit., with further references.

⁶⁰ Cowen, , op. cit. (1936), 312Google Scholar .

⁶¹ Henkel, F.Die romischen Fingerringe der Rheinlande (Berlin, 1913), no. 9Google Scholar .

⁶² Dalton, O. M., Catalogue of Early Christian Antiquities (British Museum, 1901), no. 49Google Scholar . This ring is not in fact Christian, and since it is probably also earlier than the fourth century, its present home in the collections of the Museum's Medieval and Later Department is inappropriate.

⁶³ Mentioned by Cowen in his 1948 note cited above; see also Mariën, M. E., L'Empreinte de Rome (1980), pl. 187Google Scholar .

⁶⁴ Filow, B., ‘Le trésor romain de Nicolaévo’, Bulletin de la Société Archéologique Bulgare, iv (1914), 1Google Scholar . I quote the French rather than the Bulgarian title: there is a French summary of the paper. Th e ring was shewn in the British Museum exhibition Thracian Treasures in 1976, but though described in the catalogue (no. 442), it was unfortunately not illustrated.

⁶⁵ Es, W. A. van, De Romeinen in Nederland (Bussum, 1972), p. 166, fig. 120Google Scholar . Holwerda, J. H., ‘Romeinsch sarcophaag uit Simpelfeld’, OML xii (1931), 27Google Scholar .

⁶⁶ British Museum, Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, 1956. 10-2. 1. Mr. Greenway purchased it from a workman who said that he had found it in London.

⁶⁷ Daremberg, C. and Saglio, E., Dictionnaire des antiquite's grecques et romaines (Paris, 1877-1919Google Scholar , s.v. libra; Ward-Perkins, J. and Claridge, A, Pompeii, A.D. 79 (Royal Academy, London, 1976), no. 248Google Scholar ; Kisch, B., Scales and Weights (Yale Univ. Press: New Haven and London, 1965), figs. 16, 24 and 79Google Scholar .

⁶⁸ Walters, H. B., Catalogue of Bronzes … in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum (London, 1899), nos. 2870–2876Google Scholar ; and Heilmeyer, W- D, ‘Titu s vor Jerusalem,’ Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archaeohgischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung, lxxxii (1975). 299–314, esp. 304-8Google Scholar .

⁶⁹ Catalogue nos. 497–505 in Thracian Treasures from Bulgaria (British Museum, London, 1976)Google Scholar . This find was originally published in Venedikov, I., Trakiyska kolesnitsa (Sofia, 1959)Google Scholar .

⁷⁰ See the technological report in Craddock, P. T., Lang, Janet and Painter, K. S., ‘Roman horse trappings from Fremington Hagg, Reeth, Yorkshire, N. R.,’ Brit. Mus. Quart, xxxvii (1973), 9–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar . This describes the presence of silver foil on the surface which was soldered into position. This was also the case with the Bulgarian chariot fittings which were briefly examined in the British Museum Research Laboratory in 1976.

⁷¹ Strong, D. E., Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate (London, 1966), pp. 111–12 and 151-2Google Scholar ; Oliver, A., Silver for the Gods (Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio, 1977), nos. 36–39, 49-53Google Scholar .

⁷² Walters, H. B., Catalogue of the Silver Plate in the British Museum (British Museum, London, 1921), p. 7, no. 26Google Scholar .

⁷³ By kind permission of Dr. I. H. Longworth, Keeper of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, British Museum.

⁷⁴ The analysis was carried out by Dr. P. T. Craddock and Mrs. Frances Winter and is reported in full in Oddy, W. A. and Meeks, N. D., ‘An example of pseudo-gilding in the Roman period’, MASCA Journal, i (7) (1981), 211–13Google Scholar .

⁷⁵ Craddock, P. T., Lang, Janet and Painter, K. S., op. cit. (1973), 15Google Scholar .

⁷⁶ Oddy, W. A. and Meeks, N. D., op. cit. (1981)Google Scholar .

⁷⁷ Pliny, , Natural History, xxxiv, xlviii, 160Google Scholar ; Dioscorides Pedanus, De Materia Medica quoted by Stillman, J. M., The Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry (reprint) (New York, 1960), p. 46Google Scholar .

⁷⁸ Pliny, , Natural History, xxxiv, xlviii, 162Google Scholar .

⁷⁹ Halleux, R., Les Alchimistes Grecs, I: Papyrus de Leyde, Papyrus de Stockholm, Fragments de Recettes (Paris, 1981)Google Scholar .

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⁸¹ Inventory number 79-21. Th e purchase was financed in part by the Grant in Aid administered by th e Science Museum, whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

⁸² Morland, S., The Description and Use of Two Arithmetick Instruments (London, 1673)Google Scholar . See also Baxandall, D., Mathematics I. Calculating Machines and Instruments (Catalogue of the Collections in the Science Museum South Kensington with Descriptive and Historical Notes and Illustrations) (London, 1926), especially pp. 14–16Google Scholar .

⁸³ Information from Edward Swain and Mary Parris of the Kingscote Archaeological Association, whom I would like to thank for the loan of the relief. I am grateful to Philip Powell for the report on the limestone and to Nick Pollard for the photograph.

⁸⁴ The iconography is, of course, derived from that of the Greek Tyche and may be compared with a conception found on early Ptole-maic libation-vessels. See Thompson, D. B., Ptolemaic Oinochoai and Portraits in Faience. Aspects of the Ruler-Cult (Oxford, 1973), passim, especially pp. 23–5, 51-5Google Scholar .

⁸⁵ Rhodes, J. F., Catalogue of the Romano-British Sculptures in the Gloucester City Museum (Gloucester, 1964), pp. 35f., no. 14Google Scholar ; Toynbee, J. M. C., ‘Roman sculpture in Gloucester-shire,’ Essays in Bristol and Gloucestershire History (Bristol, 1976), pp. 98f., LGoogle Scholar .

⁸⁶ Rhodes, , op. cit., pp. 25–27, no. 11Google Scholar .

⁸⁷ Phillips, E. J., Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani. Great Britain I.i: Corbridge, Hadrian's Wall East of the North Tyne (Oxford, 1977), pp. 59f. and pl. 45, no. 183Google Scholar .

⁸⁸ McWhirr, A. D., ‘Cirencester, 1969-1972. Ninth interim report’, Antiq. J. liii (1973), 205, pl. xxv from baths in building XII.i.Google Scholar ; Hogg, A. H. A., ‘The Llantwit Major villa: a reconstruction of the evidence’, Britannia, v (1974), 242–4, pl. xx AGoogle Scholar ; Toynbee, J. M. C. in Down, A., Chichester Excavations 4. The Roman Villas at Ckilgrove and Upmarden (Chichester, 1980), pp. 181–3, pl. 11.Google Scholar ; Lysons, S., ‘Remains of a Roman villa discovered at Bignor in Sussex’, Reliquiae Britannico-Romanae, iii (London, c. 1817), pl. XXXII, 9 and 10Google Scholar ; Phillips, E. J. in Stead, I. M., Rudston Roman Villa (Leeds, 1980), p. 129, pl. vi aGoogle Scholar .

⁸⁹ Ellison, A. and Henig, M., ‘Head of Mercury from Uley, Gloucestershire’, Antiquity, lv (1981), 43f., frontispiece and backpieceGoogle Scholar ; Phillips, E. J., ‘A Roman figured capital in Ciren-cester’, J.B.A.A. cxxix (1976), 35–41, pls. x and xiGoogle Scholar . For Sulinus see RIB 105 and RIB 151. On sculpture from the area in general, both of good style and rough, see Toynbee, , op. cit. in note 85, pp. 62–100Google Scholar .

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⁹³ Walters, H. B., Catalogue of the Roman Pottery in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum (London, 1908) (hereafter BMC Roman Pottery), p. 67, M 105Google Scholar .

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⁹⁵ Ibid., p. 62, M 83, an d p. 67, M 106-7. Brian Cook, Keepe r of Greek and Roman Antiquities, kindly gave permissio n for the five poincons to be examined.

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¹⁰¹ This work, undertaken by Mary-Ann Seeley, gave the following results: Reg. No. 1855.8-4.15 (BMC Roman Pottery M 99): thermoluminescence test BMT 202 indicated a maximum age of 150 years; Reg. No. 1939.6-5.1 ( Johns, C. M., op. cit., pl. 14b)Google Scholar : thermoluminescence test BMT 203 indicated a maximum age of about 130 years (BM Research Laboratory File 3580 of 23 August 1974). I am indebted to Howard Comfort for references to Michael Kaufmann, the Rheinzabern forger. These include Sprater, F., Das römische Rheinzabern (1948), pp. 15–18Google Scholar , and Schonberger, H. in Berichten van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheid-kundig Bodemonderzoek, xii-xiii (1962-1963), 577–8Google Scholar .

¹⁰² The mirror is now in the collections of the British Museum. A report on it will appear in Antiq. J. lxii (1982)Google Scholar .

¹⁰³ Purchased from the landowner, Mr. W. S. Jefferies to whom the writer (T. R.) is grateful for permission to excavate.

¹⁰⁴ See note 102.

¹⁰⁵ Our thanks are due to Dr. R. Reece.

¹⁰⁶ Pitts, L., Roman Bronze Figurines from the Civitates of the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes (B.A.R. 60, Oxford, 1979), p. 112 and pl. 25, no. 293 (in mid second-century context)Google Scholar .

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¹¹⁴ We should like to thank Catherine Johns, who exhibited the figurine at the ballot, for editing this note.

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¹²⁷ MOL accession no. 36.45, unprovenanced.

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