Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T02:32:11.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zoogeography of the Antarctic ascidian fauna in relation to the sub-Antarctic and South America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2007

Carmen Primo  and
Elsa Vázquez
Carmen Primo*
Affiliation:
Departmento Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Elsa Vázquez
Affiliation:
Departmento Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study of the relationships between the Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and South America biogeographical regions used both existing and new data. We constructed a presence/absence matrix of 237 species for 27 biogeographical divisions which included the Amsterdam-Saint Paul and Tristan da Cunha islands. Species and areas were classified using cluster analysis combined with MDS ordination. Six main groups were obtained from the species classification: 1) Amsterdam-Saint Paul, and 2) Tristan da Cunha species, 3) species from the Macquarie Province, 4) species from the sub-Antarctic Region, 5) Antarctic species and species distributed in the cold regions, 6) South American species. The biogeographical components were dominated by the endemic (although it is not as high as in other groups), Antarctic-South America and Southern Hemisphere elements. Except for Amsterdam-Saint Paul, Tristan da Cunha and Bouvet, the areas considered were grouped together with Macquarie being rather related to New Zealand regions. We speculate that the Antarctic Region may have acted as an “evolutionary incubator”, providing a centre of origin for sub-Antarctic and South American ascidians.

Keywords

Ascidiaceabiogeographical componentscluster analysisSouthern Ocean
Type
Life Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , September 2007 , pp. 321 - 336
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alveal, K., Romo, H. & Valenzuela, J. 1973. Consideraciones ecológicas de las regiones de Valparaíso y Magallanes. Revista de Biología Marina, 15, 1–29.Google Scholar
Arntz, W.E., Thatje, S., Linse, K., Avila, C., Ballesteros, M., Barnes, D.K.A., Cope, T., Cristobo, F.J., De Broyer, C., Gutt, J., Isla, E., López-González, P., Montiel, A., Munilla, T., Ramos-Esplá, A.A., Raupach, M., Rauschert, M., Rodríguez, E. & Teixidó, N. 2006. Missing link in the Southern Ocean: sampling the marine benthic fauna of remote Bouvet Island. Polar Biology, 29, 83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balech, E. 1954. División zoogeográfica del litoral sudamericano. Revista de Biología Marina, 4, 184–195.Google Scholar
Barnes, D.K.A. 2006. A most isolated benthos: coastal bryozoans of Bouvet Island. Polar Biology, 29, 114–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branch, M.L. 1994. The Polychaeta of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: Illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982–1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 24, 3–52.Google Scholar
Branch, M.L., Griffiths, C.L., Kensley, B. & Sieg, J. 1991. The benthic Crustacea of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982–1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 21, 3–44.Google Scholar
Branch, M.L., Jangoux, M., Alvá, V., Massin, C.I. & Stampanato, S. 1993. The Echinodermata of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23, 37–70.Google Scholar
Brandt, A. 1991. Zur Besiedlungsgeschichte des antarktischen Schelfes am Beispiel der Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Berichte zur Polarforschung, 98, 1–240.Google Scholar
Brandt, A. 1992. Origin of Antarctic Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Marine Biology, 113, 415–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, A. 2000. Hypotheses on Southern Ocean peracarid evolution and radiation (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Antarctic Science, 12, 269–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, J.C. 1974. Marine zoogeography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 475 pp.Google Scholar
Briggs, J.C. 1995. Global biogeography. developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 452 pp.Google Scholar
Briggs, J.C. 2003. Marine centres of origin as evolutionary engines. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cañete, J.I., Leighton, G.L. & Aguilera, F.F. 1999. Polychaetes from Aysén Fjord, Chile: distribution, abundance and biogeographical comparison with the shallow soft-bottom polychaete fauna from Antarctica and the Magellan Province. Scientia Marina, 63, 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, C.A. 1998. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (sea spiders). National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoirs, 109, 1–71.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. 1990. Temperature and evolution. Southern Ocean cooling and the Antarctic marine fauna. In Kerry, K.R. & Hempel, G., eds. Antarctic ecosystems: ecological change and conservation. Berlin: Springer, 9–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloney, R.A., Young, C.M. & Svane, I. 2002. Phylum Chordata: Urochordata. In Young, C.M., Sewell, M.A. & Rice, M.E., eds. Atlas of marine invertebrates larvae. London: Academic Press, 565–593.Google Scholar
Collette, B.B. & Parin, N.V. 1991. Shallow-water fishes of Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 1–22.Google Scholar
Crame, J.A. 1999. An evolutionary perspective on marine faunal connections between southernmost South America and Antartctica. Scientia Marina, 63, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gille, S.T. 2002. Warming of the Southern Ocean since the 1950s. Science, 295, 1275–1277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingels, J., Vanhove, S., De Mesel, I. & Vanreusel, A. 2006. The biodiversity and biogeography of the free-living nematode genera Desmodora and Desmodorella (family Desmodoridae) at both sides of the Scotia Arc. Polar Biology, 29, 936–949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, G.A. 1960. Littoral ecology and biogeography of the southern oceans. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B152, 577–624.Google Scholar
Kott, P. 1969. Antarctic Ascidiacea. Monographic account of the known species based on specimens collected under US Government auspices, 1947–1965. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1–239.Google Scholar
Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. 1998. Numerical Ecology. Developments in Environmental Modelling, 20. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 853 pp.Google Scholar
Linse, K. 1997. Die Verbreitung epibentischer Mollusken im chilenischen Beagle-Kanal. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 228, 1–131.Google Scholar
Linse, K. 2006. New records of shelled marine molluscs at Bouvet Island and preliminary assessment of their biogeographic affinities. Polar Biology, 29, 120–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linse, K., Griffiths, H.J., Barnes, D.K.A. & Clarke, A. 2006. Biodiversity and biogeography of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic mollusca. Deep Sea Research II, 53, 985–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-González, P.J. & Williams, G.C. 2002. A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 919–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millar, R.H. 1960. Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1–160.Google Scholar
Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. 1983. Ascidies Antarctiques et Subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogéographie. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A), 125, 1–168.Google Scholar
Monniot, C., Monniot, F. & Laboute, P. 1985 Ascidies du port de Papeete (Polynesie française): relations avec le milieu naturel et apports intercontinentaux par la navigation. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7, 481–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyano, G.H.I. 1996. Holocene bryozoan links between Australia, New Zealand, southern South America, and Antarctica – a preliminary evaluation. In Gordon, D.P., Smith, A.M. & Grant-Mackie, J.A., eds. Bryozoans in space and time. Wellington: National Institute for Water Atmosphere Research, 207–219.Google Scholar
Peña-Cantero, A.L. & García-Carrascosa, A.M. 1999. Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish “Antártida 8611” expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas. Scientia Marina, 63, 209–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Primo, C. & Vázquez, E. 2004. Zoogeography of the southern African ascidian fauna. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1987–2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos-Esplá, A.A., Cárcel, J.A. & Varela, M. 2005. Zoogeographical relationships of the littoral ascidiofauna around the Antarctic Peninsula, in the Scotia Arc and in the Magellan region. Scientia Marina, 69, 215–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahade, R.M., Demarchi, M., Chiappero, M., Tatián, M. & Gardenal, N. 2003. Genetic differentiation between populations of the ascidian Aplidium flaklandicum from South Georgia and South Orkney Islands. In Thatje, S., Calcagno, J. & Arntz, W., eds. Interactions between the Magellan region and the Antarctic – Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity. Extended Abstracts of the IBMANT/ANDEEP International Symposium and Workshop, 95–96.Google Scholar
Saiz-Salinas, J.I. & Pagola-Carte, S. 1999. Sipuncula of the Magellan area compared with adjacent regions of Antarctica. Scientia Marina, 63, 227–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanamyan, K.E. & Schories, D. 2003. Ascidians from the Strait of Magellan. Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 7, 89–96.Google Scholar
Sarà, M., Balduzzi, A., Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Burlando, B. 1992. Biogeographic traits and checklist of Antarctic demosponges. Polar Biology, 12, 559–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicinski, J. & Gillet, P. 2002. Biogeographical affinities of polychaetes from Îles Crozet. Antarctic Science, 14, 353–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, A. & Brandt, A. 2001. The tanaidacean fauna of the Beagle Channel (southern Chile) and its relationship to the fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf. Antarctic Science, 13, 420–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavares, M. & de Melo, G.A.S. 2004. Discovery of the first known benthic invasive species in the Southern Ocean: the North Atlantic spider crab Hyas araneus found in the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Science, 16, 129–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar