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Unravelling the suitability of Branchinecta gaini as a potential biomonitor of contaminants of emerging concern in the Antarctic Peninsula region

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2022

Marcelo González-Aravena Open the ORCID record for Marcelo González-Aravena [Opens in a new window] ,
Graciela Iturra ,
Alejandro Font ,
César A. Cárdenas ,
Rodolfo Rondon ,
Elisa Bergami Open the ORCID record for Elisa Bergami [Opens in a new window]  and
Ilaria Corsi
Marcelo González-Aravena*
Affiliation:
Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
Graciela Iturra
Affiliation:
Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
Alejandro Font
Affiliation:
Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
César A. Cárdenas
Affiliation:
Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
Rodolfo Rondon
Affiliation:
Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
Elisa Bergami
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
Ilaria Corsi
Affiliation:
Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

The occurrence and impact of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have been investigated in Antarctica much less than in other parts of the world. Although legacy anthropogenic pollutants can reach Antarctica via long-range transport, CECs mainly originate from local sources. Here, we investigated the ability of a freshwater crustacean, the Antarctic fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini, to cope with nanoscale titanium dioxide (n-TiO2), a widely used pigment in consumer products (e.g. paintings), including those for personal care (e.g. sunscreens). An in vivo acute short-term exposure study (9 h, n-TiO2 concentration range 50–200 μg ml-1) was performed and the expression levels of several genes involved in stress response were evaluated. No effect on the expression of heat-shock protein chaperone genes was found, with the exception of Hsp70a, which was significantly upregulated at 200 μg ml-1 n-TiO2. Similarly, cytochrome P450 was upregulated at 100 and 200 μg ml-1 n-TiO2, while the expression levels of cathepsin L and of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of n-TiO2. This study shows for the first time the responsiveness and sensitivity of an Antarctic freshwater crustacean to n-TiO2 exposure and supports its suitability as a biomonitor of CECs in Antarctica.

Keywords

biomonitoringecotoxicitygene expressiontitanium dioxide nanoparticles
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 281 - 288
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Antarctic Science Ltd

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