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Multiple independent reduction or loss of antifreeze trait in low Antarctic and sub-Antarctic notothenioid fishes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2015

Tshoanelo Miya ,
Ofer Gon ,
Monica Mwale  and
C.-H. Christina Cheng
Tshoanelo Miya*
Affiliation:
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
Ofer Gon
Affiliation:
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
Monica Mwale
Affiliation:
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, PO Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
C.-H. Christina Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

Antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) in Antarctic notothenioids presumably evolved once at the base of the notothenioid radiation in the Southern Ocean. Some species closely related to the endemic Antarctic notothenioids occur in non-freezing sub-Antarctic waters where antifreeze protection is unnecessary. We examined the antifreeze trait (phenotype and genotype) of these sub-Antarctic species to help infer their evolutionary history and origin. The status of the AFGP genotype (AFGP coding sequences in DNA) and/or phenotype (serum thermal hysteresis) varies widely, from being undetectable in Dissostichus eleginoides and Patagonotothen species from the Falkland Islands, minimal in Marion Island Paranotothenia magellanica and Lepidonotothen squamifrons from the South Sandwich and Bouvet islands, to considerable genotype in the Falkland Islands Champsocephalus esox and Marion Island Harpagifer georgianus. All low Antarctic notothenioid species examined show substantial AFGP trait. Mapping of the AFGP trait status onto ND2 phylogenetic trees of a large sampling of notothenioids revealed that AFGP trait reduction or loss occurred at least three independent times in different lineages.

Keywords

antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) traitevolutionary originnon-freezing waternotothenioids
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 28 , Supplement 1 , February 2016 , pp. 17 - 28
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Copyright
© Antarctic Science Ltd 2015 

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