Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T22:50:44.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: zoogeographic implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2008

Tomás Munilla  and
Anna Soler Membrives
Tomás Munilla*
Affiliation:
Unidad de Zoología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Anna Soler Membrives
Affiliation:
Unidad de Zoología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study contains the current list of the austral pycnogonids together with details of their depth range and distribution. To date 264 species have been recorded, accounting for 19.6% of the 1344 species recorded worldwide. One hundred and eight species are endemic to Antarctic waters, 62 to the sub-Antarctic, 63 are common in both regions, and 55 are circumpolar. The richest genus is Nymphon, with 67 species and the richest area is the Scotia Sea. Comparing species lists between the years 2000 and 2007 shows that increased expeditions with more sampling has increased the circumpolarity of species and decreased zonal endemicity. The benthic insular refuge hypothesis is proposed as an explanation for the southern distribution of the present pycnogonid fauna, with an origin in the Scotia Arc.

Keywords

benthic insular refuge hypothesisbiogeographycircumpolarityendemicity
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 99 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arango, C. & Wheeler, W.C. 2007. Phylogeny of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology. Cladistics, 23, 255–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnaud, F. 1972a. 9 Pycnogonides. Invertébrés marins. XIIeme et XVeme expeditions antarctiques françaises en Terre Adélie. Téthys, 4, 135–156.Google Scholar
Arnaud, F. 1972b. Pycnogonides des îles Kerguelen (Sud Océan Indien); matériel nouveau et révision des spécimens du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3, 801–815.Google Scholar
Arnaud, F. & Bamber, R.N. 1987. The biology of Pycnogonida. Advances in Marine Biology, 24, 1–96.Google Scholar
Arntz, W. & Gallardo, V.A. 1994. Antarctic benthos: present position and future prospects. In Hempel, C., ed. Antarctic science: global concerns. Berlin: Springer, 243–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arntz, W., Brey, T. & Gallardo, V.A. 1994. Antarctic zoobenthos. Oceanographic Marine Biology Annual Review, 32, 241–304.Google Scholar
Arntz, W., Thatje, S., Gerdes, D., Gili, J.M., Gut, J., Jacob, U., Montiel, A., Orejas, C. & Teixidó, N. 2005. The Antarctic–Magellan connection: macrobenthos ecology on the self and upper slope, a progress report. Scientia Marina, 69, 237–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arntz, W., Thatje, S., Linse, K., Avila, C., Ballesterros, M., Barnes, D., Cope, T., Cristobo, F., De Broyer, C., Gut, J., Isla, E., Lopez Gonzalez, P., Montiel, A., Munilla, T., Ramos Esplá, A., Raupach, M., Rauschert, M., Rodriguez, E. & Teixidó, N. 2006. Missing link in the Southern Ocean: sampling the marine benthic fauna of remote Bouvet Island. Polar Biology, 29, 83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamber, R.N. 1995. A new species of Pycnogonum Brünnich 1764 (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) with other pycnogonid records from the Falkland and South Shetland Islands. Ophelia, 40, 199–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamber, R.N. 2007. A holistic re-interpretation of the phylogeny of the Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810. Zootaxa, 1668, 295–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamber, R.N., Mitchell, N.J. & Ferrero, T.J. 2001. Rediscovery of Nymphon gerlachei Giltay, 1935 (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida). Antarctic Science, 13, 237–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, D.K.A. & De Grave, S. 2000. Biogeography of southern polar bryozoans. Vie et Milieu, 50, 261–273.Google Scholar
Barnes, D.K.A. 2005. Changing chain: past, present and future of the Scotia Arc's and Antarctica's shallow benthic communities. Scientia Marina, 69, 65–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, D.K.A. 2006. A most isolated benthos: coastal bryozoans of Bouvet Island. Polar Biology, 29, 114–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, D.K.A., Hodgson, D.A., Convey, P., Allen, C.S. & Clarke, A. 2006. Incursion and excursion of Antarctic biota: past, present and future. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15, 121–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouvier, E.L. 1905. Observations préliminaires sur les Pycnogonides recuellis dans la région antarctique par la mission du “Français”. Bulletin Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 11, 294–298.Google Scholar
Bouvier, E.L. 1906. Nouvelles observations sur les Pycnogonides recuellis dans les régins antarctiques au cours de la campagne dirigée par M. Jean Chargot. Comptes Rendus des Séances Hebdomadaires Académie Sciences, 142, 15–22.Google Scholar
Bouvier, E.L. 1913. Pycnogonides du “Pourquoi Pas?”. Deuxiéme Expédition Antarctic Francaise (1908–1910), 6, 1–169.Google Scholar
Brandt, A. 1992. Origin of Antarctic Isopods (Crustacea, Malacostracea). Marine Biology, 113, 415–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, A. 1999. On the origin and evolution of Antarctic Peracarida (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Scientia Marina, 63, 261–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calman, W.T. 1915. Pycnogonida. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910 Natural History Reports, Zoology, 3, 1–74.Google Scholar
Calman, W.T. 1933. A dodecapodous pycnogonid. Nature, 131, 242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cano, E. & López-González, J.P. 2007. Ammotheidae (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) collected during the Victoria Land Transect Cruise (Ross Sea, Antarctica) with a description of a new species of Ammothea. Marine Biological Research, 3, 438–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, C.A. 1987. New and little know Pycnogonida from Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. Proceedings Biological Society Washington, 100, 902–916.Google Scholar
Child, W.A. 1994a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida. I. The Family Ammotheidae. Antarctic Research Series, 63, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, W.A. 1994b. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida II. The Family Austrodecidae. Antarctic Research Series, 63, 49–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, W.A. 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida III. The Family Nymphonidae. Antarctic Research Series, 69, 1–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, W.A. 1995b. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The Families Colossendeidae and Rhynchotoraxidae. Antarctic Research Series, 69, 69–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, W.A. 1995c. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida V. The Families Pycnogonidae, Phoxichilidiidae, Endeidae, and Callipallenidae, including the genus Pallenopsis. Antarctic Research Series, 69, 113–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, W.A. 1998. Pycnogonida from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. Records of the South Australian Museum, 31 (1), 5–7.Google Scholar
Chimenz, C. & Gravina, M.F. 2001. Faunistic and biological traits of some Antarctic Pycnogonida. Italian Journal of Zoology, 68, 335–344.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. 1990. Temperature and evolution: southern ocean cooling and the Antarctic marine fauna. In Kerry, K.R. & Hempel, G., eds. Antarctic ecosystems: ecological change and conservation. Berlin: Springer, 9–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, A. & Crame, J.A. 1989. The origin of the Southern Ocean marine fauna. In Crame, J.A., ed. Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota. Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 47, 253–268.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. & Crame, A.C. 1997. Diversity, latitude and time: patterns in the shallow sea. In Ormond, R., Gage, J. & Angel, M.V., eds. Marine biodiversity: patterns and processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 122–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, A. & Johonston, N. 2003. Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology, 41, 47–104.Google Scholar
Clarke, A., Barnes, D.K.A. & Hodgson, D.A. 2005. How isolated is Antarctica? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 1–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eights, J. 1835. Description of a new animal belonging to the Arachnides of Latreille, discovered in the sea along the shores of the New South Shetland Islands. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, 203–206.Google Scholar
Fage, L. 1952a. Pycnogonides. Missions du bâtiment polaire Commandant Chargot, récoltes faites en Terre Adélie (1950). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (24) 2, 180–186.Google Scholar
Fage, L. 1952b. Pycnogonides de la Terre Adélie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (24) 3, 263–273.Google Scholar
Fry, W.G. 1964. The pycnogonid fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf. In Carrick, R., Holdgate, M.W. & Provost, J., eds. Biologie Antarctique. Paris: Hermann, 263–269.Google Scholar
Fry, W.G. & Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969. Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae and Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7. Memoirs of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 49, 1–149.Google Scholar
Gili, J.M., Arntz, W., Palanques, A., Orejas, C., Clarke, A., Dayton, P.K., Isla, E., Teixidó, N., Rossi, S. & López-González, P.J. 2006. A unique assemblage of epibenthic sessile suspension feeders with archaic features in the high-Antarctic. Deep Sea Research II, 53, 1029–1052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, I. 1932. Pycnogonida. Discovery Reports, 6, 1–138.Google Scholar
Gordon, I. 1938. Pycnogonida. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, Zoology & Botany, 2 (8), 1–40.Google Scholar
Gordon, I. 1944. Pycnogonida. Reports of the British, Australian and New Zealand Expedition, B5 (1), 1–72.Google Scholar
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1950. Pycnogonida of the United States Navy Expedition, 1947–48. Proceedings U.S. National Museum, 100, 147–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969a. Introduction to Antarctic zoogeography. Antarctic Map Folio Series, 11, 1–9.Google Scholar
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969b. Pycnogonida. Antarctic Map Folio Series, 11, 26–28.Google Scholar
Hedgpeth, J.W. 1971. Perspectives in benthic ecology in Antarctica. In Quam, L.O., ed. Research in the Antarctic. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 93, 93–136.Google Scholar
Held, C. 2000. Phylogeny and biogeography of serolid isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae) and the use of ribosomal expansion segments in molecular systematics. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 15, 165–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, T.V. 1902. Crustacea (Pycnogonida). Report on the collections of natural history made in the Antarctic Regions during the voyage of the “Southern Cross”. London: British Musem, 256–258.Google Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1904. On a new pycnogonid from the South Polar regions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 458–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1907. Pycnogonida. Natural History Reports of the National Antarctic Expedition 1901–1904, 3, 1–72.Google Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1908. The Pycnogonida of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 159–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1914. Preliminary report of the German South Polar Expedition, 1901–1903. Zoologische Anzeiger, 45 (4), 158–165.Google Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1915. The Pycnogonida collected by the Gauss in the Antarctic regions, 1901–1903; preliminary report. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8), 15, 141–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, T.V. 1927. Die Pycnogoniden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, Zoologie, 19, 303–358.Google Scholar
Hoek, P.P.C. 1881. Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873–1876. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage HMS Challenger, 3, 1–167.Google Scholar
Hoek, P.P.C. 1898. On four pycnogonids dredged during the cruise of the Challenger. Tijdschrift der Nederlansche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 5, 190–301.Google Scholar
Jacques, G. & Treguer, P. 1986. Écosystèmes pélagiques marins. Paris: Masson, 130–161.Google Scholar
Krapp, F. 1980. Neue Pantopodenfunde (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) nahe der belgischen Antarktis-Station. Bulletin de l'Institute Royal du Sicences Naturels de Belgique, Bruxelles, Biologie, 52 (18), 1–8.Google Scholar
Linse, K., Griffiths, H.J., Barnes, D.K.A. & Clarke, A. 2006. Biodiversity and biogeography of Antarctic and Subantartic Mollusca. Deep Sea Research, 53, 985–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loman, J.C.C. 1923. The Pycnogonida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1 (2), 1–41.Google Scholar
Möbius, K. 1902. Die Pantopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898–99. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer “Valdivia” 1898–1899, 3, 177–196.Google Scholar
Montiel, A., Rios, C., Mutschke, T. & Rozbaczylo, N. 2004. Poliquetos de fiordos y canales adyacentes al campo de hielo patagónico sur, Clile (Annelida, Polichaeta). Ciencia y Tecnoogía Marina, 27, 49–67.Google Scholar
Moyano, H. 2005. Scotia Arc bryozoa from the LAMPOS expeditions: a narrow bridge between two different faunas. Scientia Marina, 69, 103–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, H.G. 1993. World catalogue and bibliography of the recent Pycnogonida. Wetzlar, Germany: Laboratory for Tropical Ecosystems, 388 pp.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 1989. Dos nuevas especies de Picnogónidos antárticos. Actas II Symposium Español de Estudios de Bentos Antártico, 74–79.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 1991. Picnogónidos capturados en la campaña “Antártida 8811”. Boletin del Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 7, 3–44.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 2000. A new species of Ammothea and other pycnogonids from around Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 12, 47–51.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 2001a. Synopsis of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. Polar Biology, 24, 941–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munilla, T. 2001b. A new species of Ammothea (Pycnogonida) and other pycnogonids from around Livingston Island and surrounding waters (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Antarctic Science, 13, 144–149.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 2002. Ammothea tibialis, a new pycnogonid from the Drake passage, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 14, 171–173.Google Scholar
Munilla, T. 2005. Ammothea bigibossa (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida), a new species of the Antarctic Peninsula waters. Polar Biology, 29, 70–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1974. Clavigeropallene. A new genus from Antarctic. Zoologiccheskii Zhurnal, 53, 938–940.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1975a. New species of Callipallenidae (Pantopoda) from the Subantarctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 54, 1402–1406.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1975b. Revision of the Pycnogonids (Pantopoda) of the Pallenopsis patagonica group from Antarctic and adjacent waters. Byulleten Sovietscoi Antarkticheskoi Ekspeditisii, 90, 72–83.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1976. New species of Endeidae (Pantopoda) from Subantarctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 55, 923–925.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1977. New species of Austrodecidae from Antarctic. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 21, 54–59.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1982. On the species composition of the genus Decolopòda (Pantopoda). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59, 1657–1661.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1984a. A new species of the genus Colossendeis (Pantopoda) from the Antarctic. Zoolgicheskii Zhurnal, l63, 1259–1261.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1984b. A new species of the genus Pycnogonum (Pantopoda, Pycnogonida) from the Antarctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63, 1102–1104.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1988. On the revision of the Colossendeis robusta (Pantopoda) from the Southern Ocean. Zoologichewskii Zhurnal, 67, 953–956.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1990. A new species of the genus Pseudopallene (Pycnogonida, Callipallenidae) from the Antarctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 69, 155–157.Google Scholar
Pushkin, A.F. 1993. The pycnogonid fauna of the South Ocean: biological results of the Soviet Antarctic expeditions. Russian Academy of Sciences. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 20, 1–397.Google Scholar
Stephensen, K. 1947. Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Amphipoda and Pycnogonida. Science Research Norwegian Antarctic Expeditions, 1927–1928, 27, 1–90.Google Scholar
Stiboy-Risch, C. 1992. Ammothea bicorniculata, eine neue art der Ammotheidae ans der Antarktis (Pantopoda, Pycnogonida). Bonner Zoologische Bieträge, 43, 333–338.Google Scholar
Stiboy-Risch, C. 1993. Funde antarktischer und subantarktischer Pantopoden einschlieblich Colossendeis acuta sp.n.- sowie ein Bietrag zur Artbestimmung von Colossendeis glacialis Hodgson 1907 und Colossendeis robusta Hoek 1881. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 90, 251–264.Google Scholar
Stiboy-Risch, C. 1994. Pentapycnon magnum, eine neue Art der Pycnogonidae aus der Antarktis (Pantopoda, Pycnogonida). Bonner Zoologische Bieträge, 45, 147–151.Google Scholar
Stock, J.H. 1957. The pycnogonid family of Austrodecidae. Beaufortia, 6, 1–81.Google Scholar
Stock, J.H. 1965. Pycnogonides provenant de la base Antarctique Belge. Bulletin de l’ Institute Royal du Sciences Naturelles Belgium, 41, 1–2.Google Scholar
Thatje, S., Hillebrant, C.D. & Larter, R. 2005. On the origin of Antarctic marine benthic community structure. Trends of Ecology and Evolution, 20, 418–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turpaeva, E.P. 1974. The Pycnogonida of the Scotia Sea and surrounding waters. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii P.P. Shirshov, Akademiya Nauka USSR, 98, 277–305.Google Scholar
Turpaeva, E.P. 1990. Polypantopoda (Pycnogonida) of Southern part of Atlantic Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii P.P. Shirshov, Akademiya Nauk USSR, 126, 108–125.Google Scholar
Turpaeva, E.P. 1998. Annotated list of Pantopods (Pycnogonida) from eastern part of Weddell Sea. Benthos of the high latitude regions. Moscow: VNIRO Publishing, 56–68.Google Scholar
Turpaeva, E.P. 2000. New and little-know pycnogonid species of the genus Nymphon (Pycnogonida, Nymphonidae) from the Weddell Sea. Zoologiccheskii Zhurnal, 79, 669–678.Google Scholar
Turpaeva, E.P. 2002. Shallow-water sea spiders (Pycnogonida) from the Kuril, Commander and Yamskii islands. 1. Colossendeidae and Callipallenidae families. Zoologiccheskii Zhurnal, 81, 1448–1460.Google Scholar
Utinomi, H. 1959. Pycnogonida of the Japanese Antarctic research expeditions 1956–1958. Special Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8, 1–12.Google Scholar