The identities of the 12 lichenicolous fungi described as new to science from the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands by Carroll W. Dodge between 1938 and 1968 are reassessed on the basis of the original publications, and where extant the original collections and slides in the Farlow Herbarium and Reference Library (Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA). Typifications are discussed and lectotypes and neotypes designated as necessary. Only one species is accepted in its original placement (Phacopsis usneae) and one had already been transferred to an appropriate genus (Didymella cladoniae to Zwackhiomyces). Six prove to be synonyms of previously described species, and four are combined into other genera here: Arthonia parmeliae (syn. Diplonaevia parmeliae), Carbonea antarctica (syn. Alectoria antarctica), Sphaerellothecium buelliae (syn. Orbicula buelliae), and Weddelomyces gasparriniae (syn. Phaeospora gasparriniae) combs. nov. The generic name Thelidiola is also confirmed as a synonym of Muellerella. In addition, as a result of earlier misinterpretations of Dodge’s taxa, two new species are described: Endococcus matzeri, and Zwachkiomyces diederichii spp. nov. Intralichen lichenum is also reported from the Antarctic for the first time. Descriptions and illustrations are included where appropriate.