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Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at subantarctic Macquarie Island

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2004

J. M. B. Smith
Affiliation:
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia School of Human and Environmental Studies, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
T. P. Bayliss-Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK

Abstract

Erosion of bedrock from lower intertidal reefs by waves acting on attached plants of bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) was investigated over one year at Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. At a site on the more sheltered east coast, such erosion occurred during four separate storms, each casting up 834–1078 large kelp plants km−1 of coast, of which 30–45% were still attached to jagged, freshly quarried bedrock fragments over 2.5 cm long. The largest fragment weighed was 74.6 kg; rounded cobbles and boulders attached to kelp plants and weighing up to 102.2 kg (and probably more than 160 kg) were also cast up on beaches. 19–21% of the standing crop of large kelp plants was removed by storms during the year of observation. Break points for 10 kelp stipes were found to be at least 90–161 kg. Total annual erosion by kelp-plucking is at least 1.56 tonnes of rock km−1 of coast. However, in terms of erosion this computes to only 0.1 mm yr−1, far below the rate of uplift of the island.

Type
Papers—Life Sciences and Oceanography
Copyright
© Antarctic Science Ltd 1998

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