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Hydrologic response to extreme warm and cold summers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2008

Peter T. Doran ,
Christopher P. McKay ,
Andrew G. Fountain ,
Thomas Nylen ,
Diane M. McKnight ,
Chris Jaros  and
John E. Barrett
Peter T. Doran*
Affiliation:
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
Christopher P. McKay
Affiliation:
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
Andrew G. Fountain
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
Thomas Nylen
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
Diane M. McKnight
Affiliation:
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Chris Jaros
Affiliation:
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
John E. Barrett
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
*
*[email protected]
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Abstract

The meteorological characteristics and hydrological response of an extreme warm, and cold summer in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are compared. The driver behind the warmer summer conditions was the occurrence of down-valley winds, which were not present during the colder summer. Occurrence of the summer down-valley winds coincided with lower than typical mean sea level pressure in the Ross Sea region. There was no significant difference in the amount of solar radiation received during the two summers. Compared to the cold summer, glaciological and hydrological response to the warm summer in Taylor Valley included significant glacier mass loss, and 3- to nearly 6000-fold increase in annual streamflow. Lake levels decreased slightly during the cold summer, and increased between 0.54 and 1.01 m during the warm summer, effectively erasing the prior 14 years of lake level lowering in a period of three months. Lake level rise during the warm summer was shown to be strongly associated with and increase in degree days above freezing at higher elevations. We suggest that strong summer down-valley winds may have been responsible for the generation of large glacial lakes during the Last Glacial Maximum when ice core records recorded annual temperatures significantly colder than present.

Keywords

climateglaciershydrologylakespalaeoclimatestreams
Type
Earth Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 20 , Issue 5 , October 2008 , pp. 499 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2008

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