Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:50:08.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bromoform concentrations in slush-layer water in Antarctic fast ice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2011

Daiki Nomura ,
Atsushi Ooki ,
Daisuke Simizu  and
Mitsuo Fukuchi
Daiki Nomura*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8501, Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 6 Ichiban-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan
Atsushi Ooki
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053, Japan
Daisuke Simizu
Affiliation:
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
Mitsuo Fukuchi
Affiliation:
National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8501, Japan
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bromoform concentrations in water of the slush layer that developed at the interface between snow and sea ice were measured during the seasonal warming in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. Mean bromoform concentration was 5.5 ± 2.4 pmol l-1, which was lower than that of the under-ice water (10.9 ± 3.5 pmol l-1). Temporal decrease in bromoform concentrations and salinity with increasing temperature of the slush water suggest that the bromoform concentrations were reduced through dilution with meltwater input from the upper surface of sea ice. In contrast, bromoform concentrations in the under-ice water increased during this period while the salinity of the under-ice water decreased. It is speculated that the sea ice meltwater input contained high bromoform concentrations from the brine channels within the sea ice and from the bottom of the ice that were contributed to the increased bromoform concentrations in the under-ice water.

Keywords

chemical componentland-fast iceLützow-Holm Baysea iceSouthern Oceanunder-ice water
Type
Physical Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , 22 November 2011 , pp. 623 - 628
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Present address: Norwegian Polar Institute, The Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway

References

Ackley, S.F., Lewis, M.J., Fritsen, C.H.Xie, H. 2008. Internal melting in Antarctic sea ice: development of “gap layers”. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, 10.1029/2008GL033644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J.M., Reeves, C.E., Nightingale, P.D., Penkett, S.A., Gibb, S.W.Hatton, A.D. 1999. Biological production of methyl bromide in the coastal waters of the North Sea and open ocean of the northeast Atlantic. Marine Chemistry, 64, 267–285.Google Scholar
Carpenter, L.J., Wevill, D.J., Palmer, C.J.Michels, J. 2007. Depth profiles of volatile iodine and bromine-containing halocarbons in coastal Antarctic waters. Marine Chemistry, 103, 227–236.Google Scholar
Delille, B. 2006. Inorganic carbon dynamics and air-ice-sea CO2 fluxes in the open and coastal waters of the Southern Ocean. PhD thesis, University of Liége, 297 pp. [Unpublished.]Google Scholar
Haas, C., Thomas, D.N.Bareiss, J. 2001. Surface properties and processes of perennial Antarctic sea ice in summer. Journal of Glaciology, 47, 613–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kattner, G., Thomas, D.N., Haas, C., Kennedy, H.Dieckmannm, G.S. 2004. Surface ice and gap layers in Antarctic sea ice: highly productive habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 277, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klick, S.Abrahamsson, K. 1992. Biogenic volatile iodated hydrocarbons in the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 12 683–12687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nomura, D., Inoue, Y.H., Toyota, T.Shirasawa, K. 2010. Effects of snow, snow-melting and re-freezing on air-sea ice CO2 flux. Journal of Glaciology, 56, 262–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohshima, K.I., Takizawa, T., Ushio, S.Kawamura, T. 1996. Seasonal variations of the Antarctic coastal ocean in the vicinity of Lützow-Holm Bay. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 20617–20628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ooki, A.Yokouchi, Y. 2011a. Determination of Henry's law constant of halocarbons in seawater and analysis of sea-to-air flux of iodoethane (C2H5I) in the Indian and Southern oceans based on partial pressure measurements. Geochemical Journal, 45, el–e7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ooki, A.Yokouchi, Y. 2011b. Dichloromethane in the Indian Ocean: evidence for in-situ production in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 124, 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papadimitriou, S., Thomas, D.N., Kennedy, H., Kuosa, H.Dieckmann, G.S. 2009. Inorganic carbon removal and isotopic enrichment in Antarctic sea ice gap layers during early austral summer. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 386, 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, T.R., Takahashi, M.Hargrave, B. 1984. Biological oceanographic processes, 3rd ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 330 pp.Google Scholar
Pucko, M., Stern, G.A., Macdonald, R.W.Barber, D.G. 2010. α- and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane measurements in the brine fraction of sea ice in the Canadian High Arctic using a sump-hole technique. Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 9258–9264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quack, B.Wallace, D.W.R. 2003. Air-sea flux of bromoform: controls, rates, and implications. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, 10.1029/2002GB001890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturges, W.T., Cota, G.F.Buckley, P.T. 1992. Bromoform emission from Arctic ice algae. Nature, 358, 660–662.Google Scholar
Sturges, W.T., Cota, G.F.Buckley, P.T. 1997. Vertical profiles of bromoform in snow, sea ice, and seawater in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 25073–25083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturges, W.T., Sullivan, C.V., Schnell, R.C., Heidt, L.E.Pollack, W.H. 1993. Bromoalkane production by Antarctic ice algae. Tellus, 45B, 120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, R.Ishimaru, T. 1990. An improved method for the determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll using N,N-dimethylformamide. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 46, 190–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yokouchi, Y., Taguchi, S., Saito, T., Tohjima, Y., Tanimoto, H.Mukai, H. 2006. High frequency measurements of HFCs at a remote site in east Asia and their implications for Chinese emissions. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, 10.1029/2006GL026403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zemmelink, H.J., Hintsa, E.J., Houghton, L., Dacey, J.W.H.Liss, P.S. 2008. DMS fluxes over the multi year ice of the western Weddell Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, 10.1029/2007GL031847.Google Scholar