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Biodiversity and enzymes bioprospection of Antarctic filamentous fungi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2018

M.M. Martorell Open the ORCID record for M.M. Martorell [Opens in a new window] ,
L.A.M. Ruberto ,
P.M. Fernández ,
L.I.C. De Figueroa  and
W.P. Mac Cormack
M.M. Martorell*
Affiliation:
Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA)
L.A.M. Ruberto
Affiliation:
Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC-UBA-CONICET)
P.M. Fernández
Affiliation:
Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET)
L.I.C. De Figueroa
Affiliation:
Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)
W.P. Mac Cormack
Affiliation:
Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC-UBA-CONICET)
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

Antarctica is one of the most suitable locations for the bioprospecting of psychrotrophic fungi, which play a key role in the nutrient cycle and organic material mineralization in cold environments. These actions mainly take place via the production of several cold-active extracellular enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of filamentous fungi from King George Island (25 De Mayo Island), Antarctica and their ability to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes at low temperatures. A total of 51 fungal isolates were obtained from 31 samples. Twelve genera were identified, with seven among the Ascomycota (Cadophora, Helotiales, Monographella, Oidodendron, Penicillium, Phialocephala, Phialophora, Phoma and Pseudogymnoascus), one Basidiomycota (Irpex) and two Mucoromycota (Mortierella and Mucor). Monographella lycopodina and Mucor zonatus, not previously reported in Antarctica, were identified. Nine isolates could not be identified to genus level and may represent novel species. Most of the studied fungi were psychrotrophic (76.5%). Nevertheless, only five isolates were able to grow at 35°C, 15°C being the optimal growth temperature for 65% of the fungal isolates. Results from enzyme production at low temperature revealed that the Antarctic environment contains metabolically diverse fungi, which represent potential tools for biotechnological applications in cold regions.

Keywords

biotechnologymycologyprospectionpsychrophilic
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 3 - 12
Copyright
© Antarctic Science Ltd 2018 

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