Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:58:15.902Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

TEACHER TRAINING FOR ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2006

Abstract

The global demand for English has broad implications for teacher preparation in lingua franca settings. Given that up to 80 percent of all English teachers globally are nonnative speakers of English, the quality of their professional preparation and their degree of language proficiency are key issues. This review surveys research on nonnative English-speaking teachers related to teacher preparation, including issues of pedagogy and language varieties. To illustrate actual training issues, two cases of teacher preparation experiences in Egypt and Uzbekistan are presented. The Egypt case describes the development of standards for English teachers and how they may provide a road map for professional preparation and improved English language skills. The Uzbek case provides examples of ways in which the teacher preparation program targeted needs perceived by both the trainers and the local teachers. This review also sets out goals for teacher preparation in lingua franca settings such as assisting participants to view themselves as intercultural speakers and integrating methodologies that are valued in the local context. Suggestions for future research include consideration of how teacher educators might address the issue of Inner Circle and Outer Circle varieties of English and how teachers' cultural knowledge can be addressed within teacher preparation curricula.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

OTHER REFERENCES

Amin N. (2004). Nativism, the native speaker construct, and minority immigrant women teachers of English as a second language. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.), Learning and teaching from experience: Perspectives on nonnative English-speaking professionals (pp. 6180). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Bailey K. M. (2006). Language teacher supervision: A case-based approach. New York: Cambridge University Press
Bailey K. M. Curtis A., & Nunan D. (2001a). Reflective teaching: Looking closely. In Pursuing professional development: The self as source (pp. 3447). Boston: Heinle & Heinle
Bailey K. M. Curtis A., & Nunan D. (2001b). Teaching portfolios: Cogent collages. In Pursuing professional development: The self as source (pp. 223236). Boston: Heinle & Heinle
Burns A. (Ed.). (2005). Interrogating new worlds of English language teaching. Teaching English from a global perspective (pp. 115). Alexandria, VA: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
Butler Y. G. (2004). What level of English proficiency do elementary school teachers need to attain to teach EFL? Case studies from Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. TESOL Quarterly, 38 (2), 245278.Google Scholar
Canagarajah A. S. (1999). Resisting linguistic imperialism in English teaching. Oxford; Oxford University Press
Canagarajah A. S. (2005). Introduction. In A. S. Canagarajah (Ed.), Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice (pp. xiiixxx). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Developing educational standards in Egypt. (n.d.). Cairo, Egypt: Integrated English Language Program II.
Elder C., & Davies A. (this volume). Assessing English as a lingua franca.
El Naggar Z. Hana R. Haggar K. A. Sahakian S. El Baz A. R., & Ibrahim M. (2001). Proposal for project to set performance standards for English language majors at faculties of education. Ain Shams University: Center for Developing English Language Teaching.
Evans S. (2005). Reaching solutions: Negotiating a global English in a multicultural classroom. In A. Burns (Ed.), Teaching English from a global perspective (pp. 7588). Alexandria, VA: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
Golombek P., & Jordan S. R. (2005). Becoming “black lambs” not “parrots”: A poststructuralist orientation to intelligibility and identity. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 513533.Google Scholar
Jeannot M., & Lazaraton A. (2004). Investigating missed opportunities and cultural displays. TESOL Quarterly, 38 (2), 325334.Google Scholar
Jenkins J. (2005). Implementing an international approach to English pronunciation: The role of teacher attitudes and identity. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 535543.Google Scholar
Kachru B. B. (Ed.). (1992). The other tongue: English across cultures (2nd ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press
Kachru B. B., & Nelson C. L. (2001). World Englishes. In A. Burns & C. Coffin (Eds.), Analysing English in a global context: A reader (pp. 925). London: Routledge
Kamhi-Stein L. D. (2005). Research perspectives on nonnative English-speaking educators. In P. Bruthiaux, D. Atkinson, W. Eggington, W. Grabe, & V. Ramanathan, (Eds.), Directions in applied linguistics: Essays in honor of Robert B. Kaplan (pp. 7283). Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters
Kamhi-Stein L. D., & Mahboob A. (2005, March). The relationship between teachers' English proficiency and instructional practices in EFL settings and settings where English is an institutionalized language. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Organizer), Language proficiency and NNES professionals: Findings from TIRF-funded research initiatives. Spotlight Colloquium conducted at the annual meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, San Antonio, TX.
Katz A. M., & Snow M. A. (2003). Process and product in educational innovation: Implementing standards in Egypt. Prospect: An Australian Journal of TESOL, 18 (1), 5367.Google Scholar
Kelch K., & Santana-Williamson E. (2002). ESL students' attitudes toward native- and nonnative-speaking instructors' accents. The CATESOL Journal, 14 (1), 5772.Google Scholar
Kramsch C. (1998). The privilege of the intercultural speaker. In M. Byram & M. Fleming (Eds.), Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approaches through drama and ethnography (pp. 1631). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kumaravadivelu B. (2001). Toward a postmethod pedagogy. TESOL Quarterly, 35 (4), 537560.Google Scholar
Lazaraton A. (2003). Incidental displays of cultural knowledge in the nonnative-English-speaking teacher's classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (2), 213245.Google Scholar
Lee I. (2004). Preparing nonnative English speakers for EFL teaching in Hong Kong. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.), Learning and teaching from experience: Perspectives on nonnative English-speaking professionals (pp. 230249). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Liang K. Y. (2002). English as a second language (ESL) students' attitudes towards non-native English-speaking teachers' accentedness. Unpublished master's thesis, California State University, Los Angeles.
Lin A. Wang W. Akamatsu N., & Riazi M. (2005). International TESOL professionals and teaching English for glocalized communication (TEGCOM). In A. S. Canagarajah (Ed.), Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice (pp. 197225). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Luk J. C. M. (2005). Voicing the “self” through an “other” language: Exploring communicative language teaching for global communication. In A. S. Canagarajah (Ed.), Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice (pp. 247267). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Markee N. (2001). The diffusion of innovation in language teaching. In D. R. Hall & A. Hewings (Eds.), Innovation in English language teaching: A reader (pp. 118126). London: Routledge
Matsuda A. (2003a). Incorporating World Englishes in teaching English as an international language. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (4), 729.Google Scholar
Matsuda A. (2003b). The ownership of English in Japanese secondary schools. World Englishes, 22 (4), 483496.Google Scholar
Matsuda A. (2005). Preparing future users of English as an international language. In A. Burns (Ed.), Teaching English from a global perspective (pp. 6372). Alexandria, VA: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
McKay S. L. (2002). Teaching English as an international language: Rethinking goals and approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Medgyes P. (1996) Native or non-native: Who's worth more? In T. Hedge & N. Whitney (Eds.), Power, pedagogy, and practice (pp. 3142). Oxford: Oxford University Press
National Standards of Education: Draft school self-assessment and improvement handbook. (2004). Unpublished manuscript, Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Education & USAID: New Schools Program.
Pasternak M., & Bailey K. M. (2004). Preparing nonnative and native English-speaking teachers: Issues of professionalism and proficiency. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.), Learning and teaching from experience: Perspectives on nonnative English-speaking professionals (pp. 155175). Ann Arbor; University of Michigan Press
Richards J. C., & Lockhart C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Seidlhofer B. (1999). Double standards: Teacher education in the expanding circle. World Englishes, 18 (2), 233245.Google Scholar
Seidlhofer B. (2004). Research perspectives on teaching English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24, 209239.Google Scholar
Sifakis N. C., & Sougari A. (2005). Pronunciation issues and EIL pedagogy in the periphery: A survey of Greek state school teachers' beliefs. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 467488.Google Scholar
Snow M. A. Omar M., & Katz A. M. (2004). The development of standards in Egypt: Collaboration among native and nonnative professionals. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.), Learning and teaching from experience: Perspectives on nonnative English-speaking professionals (pp. 307323). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Stanley C. (1998). A framework for teacher reflectivity. TESOL Quarterly, 32 (3), 584591.Google Scholar
Velasco-Martin C. (2004). The nonnative English-speaking teacher as an intercultural speaker. In L. D. Kamhi-Stein (Ed.), Learning and teaching from experience: Perspectives on nonnative English-speaking professionals (pp. 277293). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Wolfe-Quintero K., & Brown J. D. (1998). Teacher portfolios. TESOL Journal, 7 (6), 2427.Google Scholar
Zeichner K. M., & Liston D. P. (1996). Reflective teaching: An introduction. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum