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Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2020

Nick B. Pandža ,
Ian Phillips ,
Valerie P. Karuzis ,
Polly O'Rourke  and
Stefanie E. Kuchinsky
Nick B. Pandža*
Affiliation:
University of Maryland Applied Research Lab for Intelligence & Security University of Maryland Program in Second Language Acquisition
Ian Phillips
Affiliation:
University of Maryland Applied Research Lab for Intelligence & Security
Valerie P. Karuzis
Affiliation:
University of Maryland Applied Research Lab for Intelligence & Security University of Maryland Program in Measurement, Statistics & Evaluation
Polly O'Rourke
Affiliation:
University of Maryland Applied Research Lab for Intelligence & Security
Stefanie E. Kuchinsky
Affiliation:
University of Maryland Applied Research Lab for Intelligence & Security Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Audiology and Speech Pathology Center
*
*Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

This paper begins by discussing new trends in the use of neurostimulation techniques in cognitive science and learning research, as well as the nascent research on their application in second language learning. To illustrate this, an experiment designed to investigate the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is delivered via earbuds, on how learners process and learn Mandarin tones is reported. Pupillometry, which is an index of cognitive effort, is explained and illustrated as one way to assess the impact of tVNS. Participants in the study were native English speakers, naïve to tone languages, pseudorandomly assigned to active or control conditions, while balancing for nonlinguistic pitch ability and musical experience. Their performance after tVNS was assessed using a range of more traditional language outcome measures, including accuracy and reaction times from lexical recognition and recall tasks and was triangulated with pupillometry during word-learning to help understand the mechanism through which tVNS operates. Findings are discussed in light of the literatures on lexical tone learning, cognitive effort, and neurostimulation, including specific benefits for learners of tone languages. Recommendations are made for future work on the increasingly popular area of neurostimulation for the field of applied linguistics in the 40th anniversary issue of ARAL.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , Volume 40 , March 2020 , pp. 56 - 77
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

The experiment in this article earned an Open Materials badge for transparent practices. The data and materials are available at https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york%3a938003&ref=search (Lexical Recall Task & Materials); https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york%3a938002&ref=search (Lexical Recognition Matching & Materials); and https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york%3a938001&ref=search (Passive Word Learning & Materials).

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