Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:54:32.285Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Electronic Networking*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2008

Extract

In Physical terms, the Net—a term used generically—is a global system of computer linked by optical cable, telephone connections, microwave, and satellites. It comprises a number of individual networks, from LANs (Local Area Networks in individual institutions) to the largest, the Internet. (See Appendix Glossary for terminology explanations.) In January 1993, the Matrix News estimated that the Net comprised 2,152,000 host computers and 18,150,000 users. Now, in mid-1995, these figures are 3,500,000 host computers and 55 million users world-wide. From its beginnings in the U.S. military establishment, it now reaches into education, research, business and commerce, government, and private use. France is connecting its entire education system to the Internet. And the U.S.A. is leading the way not only in numbers of connections to the Internet, but also in providing access for non-university education fields. The Net is arguably the most dramatic new communications technology of the latter part of the 20th century.

Type
Technology in Language Instruction
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

UNANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Applix. Mailing list devoted to Applied Linguistics. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Bailey, C. W. Jr. 1995. Network-based electronic publishing of scholarly works: A selective bibliography. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review. 6. 1.Google Scholar
Barker, T. and Kemp, F.. 1990. Network theory: A postmodern pedagogy for the writing classroom. In Handa, C. (ed.) Computers and community: Teaching composition in the twenty-first century. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. 127.Google Scholar
Barson, J., Frommer, J. and Schwartz, M.. 1993. Foreign language learning using e-mail in a task-oriented perspective: Interuniversity experiments in communication and collaboration. Journal of Science Education and Technology. 2. 565584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batson, T. 1988. The ENFI Project: A networked classroom approach to writing instruction. Academic Computing. 2. 5. 3233.Google Scholar
Bedell, D. n.d. Reivew of BITNET/INTERNET lists for language learning. [Send the message GET FLTEACH FLISTS to the Net address .]Google Scholar
Berge, Z. and Collins, M.. 1995a. Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom: Overview and perspectives. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Inc.Google Scholar
Berge, Z. and Collins, M.. 1995b. Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom in higher education. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Inc.Google Scholar
Berge, Z. and Collins, M.. 1995c. Computer-mediated communication and the online classroom in distance learning. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Inc.Google Scholar
CHILDES database. n.d. Available by anonymous ftp from: poppy.psy.cmu.edu.Google Scholar
Chun, D. 1994. Using computer networking to facilitate the acquisition of interactive competence. System. 22. 1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, T. 1995. On the cost differences between publishing a book in paper and in the electronic medium. Library Resources & Technical Services. 39. 1. 2328.Google Scholar
CLR (Consortium for Lexical Research). n.d. An archive of machine-readable material for lexical research, available by funded subscription. [Email: .]Google Scholar
Coalition for networked learning. John, K. Lippincott, Assistant Executive Director, Coalition for Networked Information. [21 Dupont Circle, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036. (202) 296–5098, FAX: (202)872–0884. Internet: ]Google Scholar
Collis, B. 1994. Collaborative learning and CSCW: Research perspectives for interworked educational environments. In Lewis, R. and Mendelsohn, P. (eds.) Lessons from learning. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 81104.Google Scholar
Comrie, B. and Everson, M. (comp.) n.d. Computer bulletin boards for individual languages. [Electronic listing available via anonymous ftp from the everson directory at site colossus.ucd.ie; or on WWW: URL: http://info.ox.ac.uk/department/langcentre/langlists.html]Google Scholar
Davies, D. 1991. Learning network design: Coordinating group interactions in fromal learning environments over time and distance. In O'Malley, C. (ed.) Computer supported collaborative learning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 101123.Google Scholar
Davis, B. and Chang, Y.. 1994. Long-distance collaboration with on-line conferencing. TESOL Journal. 4. 2. 2831.Google Scholar
The directory of electronic journal newsletters and academic discussion lists. 1991–present. Print version is available from the Association for Research Libraries. [Contact Ann Okerson: for more information].Google Scholar
Dunkel, P. (ed.) 1991. Computer-assisted language learning and testing: Research issues and practice. New York: Newbury House.Google Scholar
EARN Association. 1993. Guide to network resource tools. EARN Association. [From ]Google Scholar
Esling, J. H. 1991. Researching the effects of networking: Evaluating the spoken and written discourse generated by working with CALL. In P., Dunkel (ed.) Computer-assisted language learning and testing: Research issues and practice. New York: Newbury House. 111131.Google Scholar
FLTEACH. n.d. Mailing list devoted to foreign language teaching. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Galegher, J. and Kraut, R. E.. 1994. Computer-mediated communication for intellectual teamwork: An experiment in group writing. Information System Research. 5. 110138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harasim, L. (ed.) 1990. Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Harnad, S. 1990. Scholarly skywriting and the prepublication continuum of scientific inquiry. Psychological Science. 1. 342344. [Available by anonymous ftp on host princeton.edu in directory /pub/harnad/Harnad as file harnad90. skywriting]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, T. M. and Stephen, T.. 1992. On-line disciplines: Computer-mediated scholarship in the humanities and soical science. Computer and the Humanities. 26. 181197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, K. et al. , 1991. Patterns of soical interaction and learning to write: Some effects of network technologies. Written Communication. 8. 79113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawisher, G. and LeBlanc, I. P. (eds.) 1992. Reimagining computers and composition: Teaching and research in the virtual age. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books.Google Scholar
Hawisher, G. and LeBlanc, I. P. and Moran, C.. 1993. Electronic mail and the writing instructor. College English. 55. 627643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henri, F. 1991. Distance learning and computer-mediated communication: Interactive, quasi-interactive or monologue? In C., O'Malley (ed.) Computer supported collaborative learning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 145161.Google Scholar
Hiltz, S. R. and Turoff, M.. 1993. The network nation: Human communication via computer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IATH-L (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia). n.d. []Google Scholar
Jung, H. and Vanderplank, R. (eds.) 1994. Barriers and bridges: Media technology in language learning. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Kathleen, F. et al. , 1991. Interactive written discourses: An emergent register Written Communication. 8. 834.Google Scholar
Kaye, A. R. 1991. Computer-supported collaborative learning in a multimedia distance education environment. In C., O'Malley (ed.) Computer supported collaborative learning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 125143.Google Scholar
Levy, M. Forthcoming. CALL: Context and conceptualisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
LINGUIST. n.d. A mailing list for linguists. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Lunde, K. 1990. Using electronic mail as a medium for foreign language study and instruction. CALICO Journal. 9. 3. 6878.Google Scholar
Mabrito, M. 1991. Electronic mail as a vehicle for peer interaction. Written Communication. 8. 509532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacWhinney, B. 1995. The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Matrix News. n.d. Matrix Information and Directory Services, “Matrix News”. Austin, Texas. [Available on the World-Wide Web: URL: http://www.mids.org/]Google Scholar
McCarty, W. 1992. HUMANIST: Lessons from a global electronic seminar. Computer and the Humanities. 26. 205222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxfrod Text Archive. n.d. [Information available through the Language Virtual Library on the World-Wide Web: WWW address: http://www.willamette.edu/~tjones/language/www_virtual_library_language.html]Google Scholar
Parker, R. E. and Davis, R. C.. 1989. Digital audio, networks, and foregin language instruction. CALICO Journal. 7. 2. 7182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennington, M. and Stevens, V. (eds.) 1992. Computers in Applied Linguistics. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Psycoloquy. n.d. A special mode of electronic journal and mailing list. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Quarterman, J. S. 1990. The Matrix: Computer networks and conferencing sytems worldwide. Bedford, MA: Digital Press.Google Scholar
Rapaport, M. 1991. Computer mediated communications: Bulletin boards, computer conferencing, electronic mail, and information retrieval. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Renear, A. H. and Bilder, G.. 1993. Two theses about the new scholarly communication. In Landow, A. and Delany, P. (eds.) The digital word. Text-based computing in the humanities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 217236.Google Scholar
Riel, M. 1990. Cooperative learning across classrooms in electronic learning circles. Instrucational Science. 19. 445466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994a. Computer assisted language teaching: Teaching vocabulary, grammar, spelling, writing, composition, listening, speaking, translation, foreign languages-text composition aids, error detection and correction, readability analysis: Bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua.Google Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994b. Computational text generation: Generation from data or linguistic structure text planning-sentence generation, explanation generation: Bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua.Google Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994c. Computer mediated communication: Computer conferencing, electronic mail, electronic publishing, computer interviewing, interactive text reading, group decision support systems, idea generation support systems, human-machine communication, multi-media communication, hypertext, hypermedia, linguistic games: Bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua.Google Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994d. Computational linguistics in information science: Information retrieval (full-text or conceptual), automatic indexing, text abstraction, context analysis, information extraction, query languages: Bibliography. Montreal: InfolinguaGoogle Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994e. Computational lexicology and lexicograophy: Dictionaries, thesauri, term banks analysis, transfer and generation dictionaries, machine readable dictionaries, lexical semantics, lexicon grammars: Bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua.Google Scholar
Sabourin, C. 1994f. Literary computing: Style analysis, author identification, text collation, literary criticism: Bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua.Google Scholar
Selfe, C. 1988. The humanization of computer: Forget technology, remember literacy (computer in the classroom). English Journal. 77. 6. 6971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharples, M. (ed.) 1993. Computer supported collaborative writing. London: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, V. 1994. Netiquette. San Francisco, CA: Albion Books.Google Scholar
SLART-L. n.d. A mailing list devoted to second language acquisition. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Squires, D. 1993. The use of information technology to support information access in research. In Johnson, D. C. and Samways, B. (eds.) Informatics and change in learning. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 183188.Google Scholar
Sussex, R. 1994. TESL-EJ: Conception and potential of an electronic journal. TESL-EJ. 1. 1: A1 (160).Google Scholar
Sutherland, J. and Black, P.. 1994. Finding common ground: International e-mail penpals. CAELL. Part 1–4.2.6–15; part 2–4.3.10–14.Google Scholar
TESL-L n.d. A mailing list (with several sub-lists on specific topics)devoted to English as a Second Language. [Net address: ]Google Scholar
Vickers, P. and Martyn, J. (eds.) 1994. The impact of electronic publishing on library services and resources in the UK: Report of the British Library Working Party on Electronic Publishing. The British Library Board. [Library and Information Research Report 102]. [Hard copies can be obtained from Turpin Distribution Services Ltd., Blackhorse Road, Letchworth, Herts SG6 1HN, UK].Google Scholar
VPIEJ-L. n.d. A mailing list devoted to electronic publishing, especially journals. [The Net address is ]Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. 1995. E-mail for English teaching. Alexandria, VA: TESOL Publications.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. (ed.) In Press. Virtual connections. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M., Turbee, L. and Roberts, B.. 1994. Computer learning networks and student empowerment. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center. [Research Note #10.]Google Scholar
Whittaker, S. and Geelhoed, E.. 1993. Shared workspaces: How do they work and when are they useful? International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 39. 813842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkins, H. 1991. Computer talk: Long-distance conversations by computer. Written Communication. 8. 5678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, P. 1991. Computer supported cooperative work. Oxford: Intellect.Google Scholar