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Conversation Analysis in Applied Linguistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2014

Gabriele Kasper  and
Johannes Wagner
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Abstract

For the last decade, conversation analysis (CA) has increasingly contributed to several established fields in applied linguistics. In this article, we will discuss its methodological contributions. The article distinguishes between basic and applied CA. Basic CA is a sociological endeavor concerned with understanding fundamental issues of talk in action and of intersubjectivity in human conduct. The field has expanded its scope from the analysis of talk—often phone calls—towards an integration of language with other semiotic resources for embodied action, including space and objects. Much of this expansion has been driven by applied work.

After laying out CA's standard practices of data treatment and analysis, this article takes up the role of comparison as a fundamental analytical strategy and reviews recent developments into cross-linguistic and cross-cultural directions. The remaining article focuses on applied CA, the application of basic CA's principles, methods, and findings to the study of social domains and practices that are interactionally constituted. We consider three strands—foundational, social problem oriented, and institutional applied CA—before turning to recent developments in CA research on learning and development. In conclusion, we address some emerging themes in the relationship of CA and applied linguistics, including the role of multilingualism, standard social science methods as research objects, CA's potential for direct social intervention, and increasing efforts to complement CA with quantitative analysis.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , Volume 34 , March 2014 , pp. 171 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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References

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Antaki, C. (Ed.). (2011). Applied conversation analysis. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

This book documents recent developments in the application of CA to intervention in health and social services and other institutional activities.

Heritage, J. (2012a). Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45, 1–29.

Heritage, J. (2012b). The epistemic engine: Sequence organization and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45, 30–52.

Heritage's two companion articles brought social epistemics to the forefront in the study of language and social interaction.

Markee, N., & Kunitz, S. (2013). Doing planning and task performance in second language acquisition: An ethnomethodological respecification. Language Learning, 63, 629–664.

This article is a good example of CA's critical tradition to challenge established concepts. It reexamines task planning as embodied, socially shared activity.

Schegloff, E. A. (1996). Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology, 102, 161–216.

This is a key article demonstrating CA's methodology and contribution to a theory of action.

Sidnell, J. (Ed.). (2009). Conversation analysis: Comparative perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

This book presents comparative studies demonstrating language-specific solutions to generic interactional problems.

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