Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T20:56:11.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11. CROSSING FRONTIERS: NEW DIRECTIONS IN ONLINE PEDAGOGY AND RESEARCH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2004

Abstract

Research on networked language learning is now entering its second decade. While earlier research tended to focus on the linguistic and affective characteristics of computer-assisted discussion in single classrooms, more recent research has increasingly focused on long-distance collaboration. This type of learning environment is challenging to arrange, because it involves diverse learners who operate with different cultural backgrounds, communicative expectations, and rhetorical frameworks. These features, as well as the fact that the communication takes place both inside and outside of class and on students' own schedules, also pose special research challenges. This chapter summarizes what knowledge has been gained about learning and instruction in long-distance online exchanges, focusing on three key themes: (a) linguistic interaction and development, (b) intercultural awareness and learning, and (c) development of new multiliteracies and their relations to identity. In each area, research has indicated that there is no single effect of using online communication, but rather that processes and results vary widely depending on a range of logistical, pedagogical, and social factors.

Type
CURRICULUM, PEDAGOGY, AND TEACHER PREPARATION
Copyright
© 2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams Z. I. 2003 The effect of synchronous and asynchronous CMC on oral performance in German. Modern Language Journal, 87 (2), 157167.Google Scholar
Beauvois M. H. 1992 Computer-assisted classroom discussion in the foreign language classroom: Conversation in slow motion. Foreign Language Annals, 25 (2), 455464.Google Scholar
Belz J. A. 2002 Social dimensions of telecollaborative foreign language study. Language Learning & Technology, 6 (2), 6081.Google Scholar
Belz J. A., & Müller-Hartmann A. 2003 Teachers as intercultural learners: Negotiating German-American telecollaboration along the institutional fault line. Modern Language Journal, 87 (2), 7189.Google Scholar
Blake R. 2000 Computer mediated communication: A window on L2 Spanish interlanguage. Language Learning & Technology, 4 (2), 120136.Google Scholar
Brammerts H. 1996 Language learning in tandem using the Internet. In M. Warschauer (Ed.), Telecollaboration in Foreign Language Learning: Proceedings of the Hawaii Symposium (pp. 121130). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Chun D. M. 1994 Using computer networking to facilitate the acquisition of interactive competence. System, 22 (2), 1731.Google Scholar
Cononelos T., & Oliva M. 1993 Using computer networks to enhance foreign language/culture education. Foreign Language Annals, 26 (2), 527534.Google Scholar
Cummins J., & Sayers D. 1995 Brave new schools: Challenging cultural illiteracy through global learning networks. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Davis B., & Thiede R. 2000 Writing into change: Style-shifting in asynchronous electronic discourse. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 87120). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fischer G. 1998 E-mail in foreign language teaching: Toward the creation of virtual classrooms. Tübingen, Germany: Stauffenburg.
Furstenberg G., & Levet S. 1999 Dans un quartier de Paris. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Furstenberg G., Levet S., English K., & Maillet K. 2001 Giving a virtual voice to the silent language of culture: The CULTURA project. Language Learning & Technology, 5 (2), 55102.Google Scholar
Furstenberg G., Murray J. H., Malone S., & Farman-Farmaian A. 1993 A la rencontre de Philippe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Hanna B. E., & Nooy J. 2003 A funny thing happened on the way to the forum: Electronic discussion and foreign language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 7 (2), 7185.Google Scholar
Herring S. C. (Ed.). 1996 Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social and cross-cultural perspectives. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Kelm O. R. 1992 The use of synchronous computer networks in second language instruction: A preliminary report. Foreign Language Annals, 25 (2), 441454.Google Scholar
Kern R. G. 1995 Restructuring classroom interaction with networked computers: Effects on quantity and quality of language production. Modern Language Journal, 79 (2), 457476.Google Scholar
Kern R. G. 2000 Literacy and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kern R. G., & Warschauer M. 2000 Theory and practice of network-based language teaching. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 119). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kinginger C., Gourves-Hayward A., & Simpson V. 1999 A tele-collaborative course on French-American intercultural communication. French Review, 72 (5), 853866.Google Scholar
Kitade K. 2000 L2 learners' discourse and SLA theories in CMC: Collaborative interaction in Internet chat. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 13 (2), 143166.Google Scholar
Kötter M. 2003 Negotiation of meaning and codeswitching in online tandems. Language Learning & Technology, 7 (2), 145172.Google Scholar
Kramsch C., A'Ness F., & Lam E. 2000 Authenticity and authorship in the computer-mediated acquisition of L2 literacy. Language Learning & Technology, 4 (2), 78104.Google Scholar
Lam W. S. E. 2000 L2 literacy and the design of the self: A case study of a teenager writing on the Internet. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (3), 457482.Google Scholar
Meskill C., & Ranglova K. 2000 Curriculum innovation in TEFL: A study of technologies supporting socio-collaborative language learning in Bulgaria. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 2040). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meunier L. 1998 Personality and motivational factors in electronic networking. In J. Muyskens (Ed.), New ways of teaching and learning: Focus on technology and foreign language education (pp. 145197). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Müller-Hartmann A. 2000 The role of tasks in promoting intercultural learning in electronic learning networks. Language Learning & Technology, 4 (2), 129147.Google Scholar
Murray J. H. 1997 Hamlet on the holodeck: The future of narrative in cyberspace. New York: Free Press.
O'Dowd R. 2003 Understanding the “other side”: Intercultural learning in a Spanish-English e-mail exchange. Language Learning & Technology, 7 (2), 118144.Google Scholar
Ortega L. 1997 Processes and outcomes in networked classroom interaction: Defining the research agenda for L2 computer-assisted classroom discussion. Language Learning & Technology, 1 (1), 8293.Google Scholar
Pellettieri J. 2000 Negotiation in cyberspace: The role of chatting in the development of grammatical competence. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 5986). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pica T. 1994 Research on negotiation: What does it reveal about second-language learning conditions, processes, and outcomes? Language Learning, 44 (3), 493527.Google Scholar
Schultz J. M. 2000 Computers and collaborative writing in the foreign language curriculum. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 121150). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schwienhorst K. 2002 Evaluating tandem language learning in the MOO : Discourse repair strategies in a bilingual Internet project. Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 15 (2), 135146.Google Scholar
Shetzer H., & Warschauer M. 2000 An electronic literacy approach to networkbased language teaching. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Networkbased language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 171185). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shetzer H., & Warschauer M. 2001 English through Web page creation. In J. Murphy & P. Byrd, (Eds.), Understanding the courses we teach: Local perspectives on English language teaching (pp. 429455). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Smith B. 2003 Computer-mediated negotiated interaction: An expanded model. Modern Language Journal, 87 (1), 3857.Google Scholar
Sotillo S. 2000 Discourse functions and syntactic complexity in synchronous and asynchronous communication. Language Learning & Technology, 4 (1), 82119.Google Scholar
Sullivan N., & Pratt E. 1996 A comparative study of two ESL writing environments: A computer-assisted classroom and a traditional oral classroom. System, 24 (4), 491501.Google Scholar
Thorne S. L. 2003 Artifacts and cultures-of-use in intercultural communication. Language Learning & Technology, 7 (2), 3867.Google Scholar
Toyoda E., & Harrison R. 2002 Categorization of text chat communication between learners and native speakers of Japanese. Language Learning & Technology, 6 (2), 8299.Google Scholar
Tudini V. 2003 Using native speakers in chat. Language Learning & Technology, 7 (2), 141159.Google Scholar
Varonis E. M., & Gass S. 1985 Non-native/non-native conversations: A model for negotiation of meaning. Applied Linguistics, 6, 7190.Google Scholar
von der Emde S., Schneider J., & Kötter M. 2001 Technically speaking: Transforming language learning through virtual learning environments (MOOs). Modern Language Journal, 85 (2), 210225.Google Scholar
Ware P. D. 2003 From involvement to engagement in online communication: Promoting intercultural competence in foreign language education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Warschauer M. (Ed.). 1995 Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners. Honolulu: Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, University of Hawai'i.
Warschauer M. 1996a Comparing face-to-face and electronic communication in the second language classroom. CALICO Journal, 13 (2), 726.Google Scholar
Warschauer M. (Ed.). 1996b Telecollaboration in foreign language learning: Proceedings of the Hawai'i Symposium. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Warschauer M. 1999 Electronic literacies: Language, culture, and power in online education. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Warschauer M. 2000a Language, identity, and the Internet. In G. Rodman (Ed.), Race in cyberspace (pp. 151170). New York: Routledge.
Warschauer M. 2000b Online learning in second language classrooms: An ethnographic study. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 4158). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Warschauer M. 2001 Singapore's dilemma: Control vs. autonomy in IT-led development. The Information Society, 17 (2), 305311.Google Scholar
Warschauer M. 2002 Languages.com: The Internet and linguistic pluralism. In I. Snyder (Ed.), Silicon literacies: Communication, innovation, and education in the electronic age (pp. 6274). London: Routledge.
Warschauer M., El Said G. R., & Zohry A. 2002 Language choice online: Globalization and identity in Egypt. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 7 (4). Retrieved December, 2003, from http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol7/issue4/warschauer.htmGoogle Scholar