An emended text of this inscription is presented. The evidence it affords for the development of Athenian metic-status is discussed, in the light of its reattribution to the time of the Kleisthenic reforms. The role of Kleisthenes in establishing the metic-status is confirmed.

Evidence of Palaeolithic occupation in Epirus discovered in 1962 by the late E. S. Higgs is re-analysed, especially that from Asprochaliko and Kastritsa. The paper also presents the results of the first season's excavations at the rock-shelter of Klithi, which throws light on problems connected with the interpretation of the earlier excavation and the different functions of the two sites. The new excavations demonstrate that Klithi contains a rich Palaeolithic deposit, perhaps dating within the period 20,000 to 12,000 years ago.

The lead figurines from recent excavations at the shrine of Helen and Menelaus are discussed, excluding those in the form of wreaths, which were well over half the total of almost 6,000. Five hundred and sixty-one moulds are distinguished, divided between sixty-one varieties. A chronology is attempted on the basis of three methods, stratigraphy, seriation, and typology and a tentative sequence is proposed.

Eight fragments of Mycenaean pictorial pottery discovered in excavations conducted by K. Demakopoulou in 1973 at 29 Pindar Street, Thebes, are described and discussed. An appendix presents a chemical analysis of the fragments. Comparison with other Mycenaean pictorial pottery and the chemical analysis leads to the same conclusion, that the first five samples were made at a Boeotian centre, not necessarily far from Thebes, while examples 6 and 7 were imported, their source being probably a centre, other than Mycenae, in the NE Peloponnese.

Part 1 (Driessen) discusses the evidence in the Linear B tablets for a military organization and the use of mercenaries at Mycenaean Knossos. First, the Pylian evidence for foreign troops is discussed. At Knossos, there is also evidence for relatively large groups of men who may be of non-Cretan origin in the Linear B tablets. It is asked whether these may be foreigners, as in the Pylian tablets, who rendered military service in return for fiefs of land. It is suggested that eqeta were military commanders responsible for groups of men and specific geographical areas. Keseno are identified as ‘foreign warriors’ who were of lower rank than eqeta, namely mercenaries in the service of the Mycenaean wanaka of Knossos.

Part 2 (Macdonald) reviews the latest evidence for warrior burials in LM II–IIIA2. The term is confined to burials with swords, since they are more likely to have had a purely military function as well as being the weapon of prestige. The evidence for a major Knossian workshop which produced the finest ‘horned’ and ‘cruciform’ swords and one-piece spearheads is discussed. An examination of the different Knossian cemeteries leads to the possible identification of traditional Minoan burial grounds on Upper Gypsadhes and at Mavro Spelio, while the Zapher Papoura and Sellopoulo cemeteries may be those of the LM IIIA Mycenaean community. The concept of a military aristocracy is reviewed, and rejected in favour of an interpretation which sees the Knossian warrior burials as representing ‘officers’ of different ranks in the Palace military organization drawn from different levels of society. Finally, it is proposed that the lack of uniformity of sword-types and the absence of warrior burials in the Knossos area after LM IIIA2, represent the demise of the Knossian workshop and the end of the military organization.

The paper considers who has the right in the Athenian state to act authoritatively both in the name of, and in matters of, religion. It discusses the role of priests, the demos, magistrates, oracles, chresmologoi/manteis, exegetai, epimeletai, epistatai, and hieropoioi. A descriptive catalogue is included of the priesthoods, arranged according to cult; this includes a summary acount of the sanctuaries, evidence for the appointments, status, festivals, origins of the cult, and of the emoluments and honours involved, together with the identity of holders of these offices, where known. This is followed by an account of the magistrates, religious experts, and assistants. It is concluded that the ultimate authority lay outside the purview of the Athenian state, with the god himself, normally Apollo but less frequently Zeus, to whom personal enquiry had to be made by official delegation of the Athenian state to his oracular shrine, though this does not mean the shrine had the right of intervention; the oracle could sanction but could not propose. Religious authority in Athens was the monopoly neither of the citizen body as a whole nor any particular group of individuals within it, but a discrete prerogative shared out among a number of corporations comprising amateurs as well as experts, clergy as well as laity.

A vase-inscription originally published by N. Kontoleon is reinterpreted, the word kyliphaktos being taken as a reference to a vase-form rather than a personal name. Other occurrences of this term are discussed. It is suggested that the term refers to a form of stemless cup.

In Part I, a survey of the Minoan town at Palaikastro recording architectural features and sherd densities is presented. The survey allows for the town limits to be drawn and the probable location of the town centre to be identified. Possible approach routes are noted and an extension of the town to the Promontory and East Beach areas is examined. Part II is a report on building materials at Palaikastro and the Minoan quarries at Ta Skaria, where large quantities of calcareous sandstone were extracted. A magnetic survey of the central, unexcavated part of the site is presented in Part III. A short report on ancient remains at Kouremonos is given in Part IV. Part V is a summary of the previous parts, pointing out important results such as the evidence for ribbon development along approach routes in MM III/LM I and the likelihood that almost 1,000 cubic metres of calcareous sandstone used in ashlar masonry were extracted from the Minoan quarries but remain unaccounted for at Palaikastro. An appendix describes in full two deposits disturbed by ploughing.

This article presents a corpus of all the published marine style material known to the author, and references to a proportion of material known but not yet published. It is arranged by site, and within each site by shape in the same order of motifs. A descriptive analysis of shapes is presented.

Part 1 describes the Mycenaean weapons from Klauss (Antheia) in Achaea: a socketed spear head and a sword of Type II.

Part 2 describes Mycenaean objects from old, clandestine excavations now in the collection of the Ayia Lavra monastery, a jug of LH IIIB-C1 date, a stirrup-jar, either end of LH IIIA or LH IIIB, and a pair of bronze depilatory tweezers.

This article presents a somewhat improved text of IG ii2 399, a discussion of the development of the language associated with ransoming prisoners in the mid-late fourth century, and a new context for the activity commemorated by the decree. If the text which is argued for is accepted, it would provide new evidence for the relations between Athens and Sparta, and between Athens and Alexander, at the time of Agis III's war.

Finds of the topshells Monodonta turbinata (Born 1780) and M. articulata Lamarck 1822 are discussed. ‘Rings’ made of Monodonta shells were used as rings or pendants

Excavations of neolithic sites in the Aegean are summarized. The essential characteristics of the Aegean Neolithic are discussed with particular reference to settlements: a series of ‘cultural units’ resulting from this discussion are analysed, and their chronology compared.

A miscalculation in the analysis of population statistics for the island of Melos made by Wagstaff, Augustson, and Gamble in their work An Island Polity is discussed. A new calculation is made of the areas under agriculture required to support the given population of Melos at a sequence of dates ranging from A.D. 1470 to A.D. 1848. It is argued that the ancient population of Melos could have been supported by a smaller area of arable land than that previously suggested, and that in arriving at this figure the relative fertility of the island should also be taken into account.

This article contains epigraphically based studies which aim to bring increased order to the chronology and prosopography of Roman Sparta. It is concluded that only one occurrence of the nomen Aurelius can be assigned with any confidence to the period before the Constitutio Antoniniana. A dedication for Septimius Severus and his family is discussed. Epigraphic evidence for M. Aurelius Aristocles of Taenarum and his family is presented. An epigraphic reference to the ‘Pitanate Lochos’ recruited by Caracalla is discussed. The dating of the occasions when the god Lycurgus is attested as eponymous patronomos is discussed, when it is argued that Woodward's dating for the fourth to eleventh patronomates (c. 180–90) is some fifty to sixty years too early. The career of the champion runner P. Aelius Alcandridas is elucidated. Texts referring to the sculptor Demetrius are discussed. An account is given of priests of the imperial cult at Sparta under the Severi, fifteen priests being identified. A list of Spartan patronomoi of the third century is compiled. In an appendix a revised text of IG v. 1. 168 + 603 is proposed.

The inscriptions discussed are: (i) that on the prytany monument Agora xv. 44, (ii) EM 13056, officials for the cult of Athene Pallenis, and (iii) some rock-cut horos inscriptions from the vicinity of Thiti and on Kaminia and Alepovouni. In (i) it is argued that the two additional lines calculated for the completion of column x (referring to Antiochis) were not for ‘missing’ demes but to mark off the trittyes from each other; (ii) presents a discussion of the parasitoi, identified as individuals of high status, and of the sets of archontes; (iii) are taken to refer to a new concern in Hellenistic times with the boundaries between areas of value for agriculture or grazing. The implication of these for the study of the Kleisthenic system of trittyes and demes is argued.

The discovery of the circular platforms at Knossos is reported. The buildings are described, and their chronology adduced. It is argued that the function of the large circular platform was as a dancing-place, and that a sign engraved on the outer visible faces of the wall blocks symbolizes the lines and zigzag crossing movements for groups in the dance, while the smaller circles were places for priestesses or musicians. Finally, the ritual significance of the dance in ancient Crete is discussed.

It is proposed that Aipy, named in Iliad ii. 592 as part of Nestor's kingdom be located (following Strabo) in the vicinity of Lepreon, and specifically at the prehistoric acropolis of Ayios Dhimitrios.