¹ Acknowledgements. The author is grateful to the Herakleion Ephorate, represented in this case by the Epimeletria Mrs. Alexandra Karetsou, for inviting the School to investigate the tomb. Nikos Dhaskalakis was the pickman on the excavation, which owed a great deal to his experience, intelligence, and skill; he was assisted by Georgios Klinis and for part of the time by Myron Markakis. Petros Petrakis, M.B.E., the School's restorer, mended the pottery and terracottas; that 115 and 119–22 were restored sufficiently to allow them to be published is a triumph on his part. Dr. H. W. Catling, Director of the School, kindly took all the photographs except those in PLATES 35 and 43a, and made useful alterations and suggestions; in particular he called attention to the Tsambres and Aphendrika tombs in Cyprus. David Smyth, the School's Honorary Surveyor, prepared the map in FIG. I and made the fair versions of FIGS. 2 and 3 from the author's plans. The excellent drawings in FIGS. 4–7 are the work of Mrs. E. A. Catling and Miss Emma Faull. Philip Kinns's identification of the coins made an essential contribution to our knowledge of the tomb's date (Appendix 1). Dr. Jonathan Musgrave was good enough to examine the human remains, and despite their very poor state was able to provide the valuable information set forth in Appendix 2. Dr. R. E. Jones, the Research Officer in the Fitch Laboratory of the British School, kindly undertook the examination of a sample of the pink powder found in the glass sphere a and, using analyses carried out by Dr. V. Perdikatsis of the Geological Institute, Athens, furnished the report set out in Appendix 3. David S. Reese of St. John's College, Cambridge, identified the shells. R. V. Nicholls generously spent an evening in a detailed discussion of all the finds, and made numerous very helpful suggestions; it was he who recognized 104 as a probable stylus, Dionysus in the emblema 102, and provided information about and an illustration of the unguentarium found in Soudha Bay (p. 275 n. 85). Professor Axel Seeberg of Oslo University was extremely helpful in correspondence concerning the mask 115; he provided most of the comparanda, but warned that while the coroplast might have been influenced by theatrical masks, no specific theatre reference might have been intended; he also noted the diadem as a surprising feature for a comic mask. The author, however, is responsible for the interpretation of 115 as a funerary and/or cult object. Christopher Simon, School Student for 1981–2, drew attention to archaic protomic masks in burials, and I am indebted to him for many useful references, and discussion on cult objects, burial practices, and tomb types—but again he is not responsible for my conclusions. Others who provided helpful information and discussion were Miss Sipra Bhattacharya, R. W. V. Catling, Murray McLellan, Mrs. Sara Parfitt, Dr. Sir Douglas Parker, A. J. Spawforth, and the School's foreman at Knossos, Andonis Zidhianakis. I am most grateful to all of them.

Abbreviations. In addition to the standard BSA abbreviations, the following are used:

Agora V Robinson, Henry S.The Athenian Agora v. Pottery of the Roman Period (Princeton 1959)Google Scholar.

Antichità Cretesi 2 Antichità cretesi: studi in onore di Doro Levi 2 (Catania, Italy 1974).

'Atiqot 'Atiqot, Journal of the Israel Department of Antiquities.

Bomford Coll. Ancient Glass: The Bomford Collection of Pre-Roman and Roman Glass on loan to the City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery (Bristol 1976).

Calvi Calvi, M. C., I vetri romani del Museo di Aquileia (Pubblicazioni dell'Associazione-nazionale per Aquileia 7, 1968).Google Scholar

Corinth XII Davidson, G. R., Corinth xii. The minor Objects (Princeton 1952)Google Scholar.

Delos XVI II Deonna, W., Exploration archéologique de Délos xviii. Le Mobilier délien (Paris 1938)Google Scholar.

Demeter Sanctuary Coldstream, J. N., Knossos: The Sanctuary of Demeter (BSA Supplementary Volume no. 8, Oxford 1973)Google Scholar.

Dura IV. 5 Clairmont, C. W., The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Final Report iv part v. The Glass Vessels (New Haven 1963).Google Scholar

Fitzwilliam Museum Glass at the Fitzwilliam Museum (Catalogue, Cambridge 1978).

Fremersdorf iii Fremersdorf, F., Die Denkmäler des römischen Köln iii. Römisches Buntglas in Köln (Cologne 1958).Google Scholar

Fremersdorf iv Fremersdorf, F., Die Denkmäler des römischen Köln iv. Das naturfarbene sogenannte blaugrüne Glas in Köln (Cologne 1958).Google Scholar

Hayes Hayes, John W., Roman and Pre-Roman Glass in the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto 1975).Google Scholar

Isings Isings, C., Roman Glass from Dated Finds (Archaeologica Traiectina 2, Groningen and jakarta 1957).Google Scholar

Karanis Harden, D. B., Roman Glass from Karanis (Ann Arbor, Michigan 1936).Google Scholar

Kisa Kisa, A., Das Glas im Alterlume 3 vols., Leipzig 1908).Google Scholar

KS²Hood, Sinclair and Smyth, David, Archaeological Survey oj the Knossos Area (2nd edn., BSA Supplementary Volume no. 14, Oxford 1981).Google Scholar

Louvre TC Cat. I Mollard-Besques, Simone, Catalogue raisonné des figurines et reliefs en terre-cuite grecs, étrusques et romains i. Époques préhellénique, géométrique, archaïque et classique (Paris 1954).Google Scholar

Louvre TC Cat. II Mollard-Besques, Simone, Catalogue raisonné des figurines et reliefs en terre-cuite grecs, étrusques et romains ii. Myrina (Paris 1963).Google Scholar

Louvre TC Cat. III Besques, Simone, Catalogue raisonné des figurines et reliefs en terre-cuite grecs, étrusques et romains iii. Époques hellénistique et romaine, Grèce et Asie Mineure (Paris 1972).Google Scholar

Morin-Jean Morin-Jean, , La Verrerie en Gaule sous l'empire romain Paris 1913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neuberg 1949 Neuberg, F., Glass in Antiquity (London 1949).Google Scholar

Neuberg 1962 Neuberg, F., Ancient Glass (London 1962).Google Scholar

Olynthus X Robinson, David M., Excavations at Olynthus x. Metal and Minor Miscellaneous Finds (Baltimore 1941).Google Scholar

Samaria iii J. W. Crowfoot, G. M. Crowfoot, Kathleen M. Kenyon, Samaria-Sebaste. Reports of the Work of the Joint Expedition in 1931–1933 and of the British Expedition in 1935, no. 3. The Objects from Samaria (London 1957).

² KS² 22.

³ KS² nos. 42–5, 52, 55, 59, 61–3, 67, 72, 74, 78, 82, 83, 110, 143, 165, 166, 171, 212, 326, 327.

⁴ KS² nos. 69, 77, 142, 154–9, 168, 168, 170, 173. 341, 342, 361.

⁵ KS² no. 154.

⁶ KS² no. 361.

⁷ KS² 26.

⁸ Rend Linc serie 5, 16 (1907) 299.

⁹ PAE (1969) 246–8 fig. 4 (there wrongly titled Ag. Deka).

¹⁰ MA 6 (1895) 332–3 fig. 88.

¹¹ MA 9 (1899) 333–4 fig. 15, 16. AJA 5 (1901) 400,401 fig. 12; there referred to as Hellenistic, but no evidence for date given; in AJA 6 (1902) they are called ‘Roman’.

¹² ADelt 20 (1965) B′ 3 562.

¹³ An ‘elaborate rock-cut tomb at Phournos on the Elyros road’ near Syia in west Crete, noted by Pendlebury, may have been one of the type, as also may be the ‘tombs of the Roman period’ he saw near Aghios Vlasis, Kaminaki, and Mokhos, but without plans this is uncertain: Pendlebury, J. D. S., The Archaeology of Crete (London 1939) 371–3.Google Scholar

¹⁴ MA 9 (1901) 338 ff. fig. 33.

¹⁵ MA 9 (1901) 399 figs. 84–6.

¹⁶ MA 9 (1901) 423.

¹⁷ KS² 26.

¹⁸ e.g. Franz Messerschmidt, Nekropolen von Vulci (fdl Ergänzungsheft xii, Berlin 1930) 15 Abb. 7. iii, Beilagen 3, 4, side chambers at entrance. Also Toynbee, J. M. C., Death and Burial in the Roman World (London and Southampton 1971) 18–24.Google Scholar

¹⁹ e.g. MA 6 (1895) 90 ff. figs. 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 16, 26, 27, 32, 38, 40, 41; MA 31 (1926) 211 ff. figs. 147, 153, 165, 180, 190, 195, 213, 214, 217, 222.

²⁰ At Kamiros, Clara Rhodos 4; 8, 10, 12 et passim, e.g. figs. 25, 426; Clara Rhodos 6/7; 1 ff.

²¹ At Pontamo, , Clara Rhodos 2; 118 ff. N.B. fig. 21 tav. vii.Google Scholar

²² Boehlau, J., Aus ionischen und italischen Nekropolen (Leipzig 1898) 19 ff.Google Scholar

²³ Ross, Ludwig, Reisen auf den griechischen Inseln 3 (Stuttgart and Tübingen 1845) 15 ffGoogle Scholar; BSA 2 (1895–6) 69, 71–2 fig. 2; BSA 3 (1896–7) 80, 84, 85.

²⁴ Welter, Gabriel, Aigina (Berlin 1938) 56 ff.Google Scholar N.B. Abb. 47, 48, 51.

²⁵ e.g. Achille Adriani, Annuaire du Mush Grtco-Romain (1933/4–934/5) La Nécropole de Moustafa Pacha (Alexandria 1936); Smith, R. M. and Porcher, E. A., History of the Recent Discoveries at Cyrene (London 1864)Google Scholar; BSR 23 (N.S 10) (1955) 1 ff.

²⁶ BSR, op. cit. 21, 22 R 1. E pl. via.

²⁷ Boehlau, op. cit. 19: ‘Ein schmaler Gang … scheidet den Raum in drci brcitc Lagcrstätten 50 70 cm hoch’ no plan.

²⁸ IEJ 13 (1963) 74–5 n.2 fig. 1.

²⁹ RDAC (1937–9) 29 Groups IV and V and nos. 1–4.

³⁰ BSA 50 (1955) 120–1, 167 fig. 8; JHS 8 (₁88₇) 72 fig. 14 (the cists in this case were of clay).

³¹ e.g. Avi-Yonah, Michael (ed.) Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land ii (Jerusalem 1976) 627 ff.Google Scholar N.B. 628 ‘Burial Forms’ 'Atiqot 3 (1961) 105 ff. (but note comparatively late date).

³² Personal observation. They border the north side of the new road leading to the town. I have not been able to find a published reference.

³³ ADelt 25 (1970) B' 2 434 ff figs. 1 3 pl. 380; better illustrated in ADelt 16 (1960) 247 ff. pl. 216ς.

³⁴ Butler, H. C., Sardis I (Leyden 1922) 56, 158–65 ills. 175–6, 181–4Google Scholar.

³⁶ Demargne, Pierre, Fouilles de Xanthus i. Les Piliers funéraires (Paris 1958) 113, 114, 116ff.Google Scholar, 125–6 tombs R4, R5 and N.B. Rbis figs. 19, 20, 23, 24.

³⁶ RDAC (1937–39) 24ff. N.B. Aphendrika tomb 33.

³⁷ SCE II figs. 75, 118 tombs 14, 41.

³⁸ SCE III fig. 167 tomb 4.

³⁹ Note Roman tile and cist graves in the immediate area of our tomb, BSA 74 (1979) 3 fig. 2; KS² nos. 171–2.

⁴⁰ J. M. C. Toynbee, op. cit. 76–7 nos. 273–6.

⁴¹ KrChron A′ (1947) 632. At or similar to KS² no. 173.

⁴² BSA 6 (1899–1900) 81, 82.

⁴³ KS²no. 168.

⁴⁴ BSA 74 (1979) 1 ff.

⁴⁵ KS² 24, 46 no. 168.

⁴⁶ BSA 74 (1979) 239 and n. 39.

⁴⁷ Weber, Wilhelm in CAH xi 319.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Longden, R. P. in CAH xi 205–10.Google Scholar He built aqueducts in Dalmatia, Miletus, Smyrna, Antioch, Arabia, and Egypt (ibid. 209).

⁴⁹ Isings, C., Roman Glass from Dated Finds Archaeologica Traectina 2, Groningen and Jakarta 1957.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ JGS i (1959) 11–21.

⁵¹ AR (1972–3)68.

⁵² Hesperia 29 (1960) 90–117.

⁵³ JGS 1 (1959) 12.

⁵⁴ Hayes 16. 17.

⁵⁵ Hayes 17; see also Morin-Jean 122ff. fig. 152; Fremersdorf iii 29 Taf. 25.

⁵⁶ Hayes 1 7, 20 no. 51 fig. 2 pl. 4.

⁵⁷ Samaria iii 403.

⁵⁸ BSA 66 (1971) 253 nos. 29–30 fig. 6; 261 nos. 55–60 fig. 12 pl. 41a; 272 nos. 27, 29, 39 fig. 19.

⁵⁹ Corinth xii 95 no. 595 fig. 6.

⁶⁰ Stern, E. M., Ancient Glass at the Fondation Custodia (Collection Frits Lugt), Paris (Archaeologica Traiectina 12, Groningen 1977) 51.Google Scholar see also Pincelli, R., Volpe, C., Gualandi, G., Iridescenze e colori di vetri antichi (Bologna 1959) 31Google Scholar: ‘prodotti di una fabbrica dell'Italia sett.’

⁶¹ Stern, loc. cit.

⁶² Isings (27 references); Stern, loc. cit.

⁶³ ADelt 23 (1968) B' 2 332 pl. 273β.

⁶⁴ ADelt 21 (1966) B' 2 408 pl. 437δ (note broken tail).

⁶⁵ Stern mentions an eastern group of birds with pierced tails and beaks in Damascus, and says it is not clear whether the Greek birds are of that or the western sort (op. cit. 51). The Knossian birds with their closed beaks and their close resemblance to other birds from European provenances are clearly of the western kind: cf. Stern, op. cit. pl. 13 no. 12; R. Pincelli et al., op. cit. tav. 11 no. 60; Morin-Jean 160ff. form 126 fig. 214 centre; Fremersdorf iii 31 Taf. 33, etc.

⁶⁶ See JGS 14 (1972) 17 ff. for two clumsier, earlier glass lagynoi, made in three parts, and a comparison with clay lagynoi.

⁶⁷ Arch f 126 (1969) 73.

⁶⁸ Ibid. 50 and n. 28.

⁶⁹ Ibid. 50, 73 pl. iv f. The same well illustrated in Harden, D. B., Painter, K. S., Pinder-Wilson, R. H., Tait, Hugh, Masterpieces of Glass (B.M., London 1968) 58 no. 71.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ SCE iv. 3. 145f. 200 fig. 46 nos. 1–7. Type A 1a.

⁷¹ Calvi 62 cat. 154 tav. 8 no. 4.

⁷² Ibid. 60.

⁷³ Hayes 55 no. 125 pl. 11.

⁷⁴ The handle is Kisa's Type 14, Kisa ii 317 fig. 156; Hayes 50 no. 95 pl. 8; 63 no. 175 pl. 14; 79 no. 287 pl. 20; 131 no. 540 fig. 5. SCE iv. 3. 200—Type B 1 is closest; fig. 46 nos. 4–5; fig. 47 nos. 6, 11 12.

⁷⁵ Fremersdorf iii Taf. 38; Calvi 21–2 tav. 1 (7) (no base kick); and those listed by Isings.

⁷⁶ BSA 44 (1949) 87 pl. 29, 3, 6 (5).

⁷⁷ SCE iv. 3. 166 Type B 1 fig. 47 no. 22, and with different handles nos. 23, 24.

⁷⁸ Syria 10 (1929) 245, 246–7 pl. xlvi (1). The 2nd/3rd c. date given for this tomb is almost certainly too late.

⁷⁹ Dura IV. 5. 8, 30 pl. xx no. 123.

⁸⁰ Calvi 59 no. 144 tav. 12(7); Fremersdorf iii 38 Taf. 57; Spinazzola, Vittorio, Pompei alla luce degli scavi nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza (anni 1910–1923) ii (Rome 1953)Google Scholar on table in fig. 732; and those listed by Isings.

⁸¹ SCE iv. 3. 153–4, 202 fig. 48 1–6; Hayes 71 no. 229 fig. 8. pl. 16.

⁸² BSA. 44 (1949) 90 no. 20(5) pl. 34, 5 (5); 90 no. 20 (2) pl. 36, 2, 20(2).

⁸³ From Ist-c. graves at Xeropotamo; illustrated in museum catalogue.

⁸⁴ Hayes 146 and n. 9, pl. 39 nos. 622–5, 627, 629–30; pl. 40 no. 628.

⁸⁵ Nicholls, Richardet al., Classical Heritage–Greek and Roman Art from Cambridge College Collections (Fitzwilliam Museum Handlist 1978) 21 no. 122.Google Scholar

⁸⁶ Hayes 71–3 nos. 233, 242, 244 fig. 8 pls. 16, 41.

⁸⁷ Ibid. 125 no. 485 fig. 14 pl. 32; see also SCE iv. 3. 156 Flask type A III_a nos. 22–31 fig. 48.

⁸⁸ ADelt 20 (1965) B' 3 562 pl. 709γ.

⁸⁹ BSA 44 (1949) 84 pl. 25 1.4 (1) (2) (3); 88 pl. 32.3.14 (2), and 6.14 (3).

⁹⁰ SCE. iv 3. 145, 199 fig. 45 no. 13 = Op. Arch. 7 (1952) 123 pl. iv 13.

⁹¹ Op Arch. 7 (1952) 123 B BIV α pl. iv 14.

⁹² Isings 64; also JGS 8 (1966) 28, 33.

⁹³ Isings's examples plus Morin-Jean 84–5 fig. 89, Calvi 26–8 Cat. 14 tav. 2 (1).

⁹⁴ Karanis 259 ff.; Dura IV. 5. 115 no. 565 pl. xxxiv; Hayes 54 no. 123 pl. 12; Delougaz, P. in Delougaz, Pinhas and Haines, Richard C., A Byzantine Church at Khirbat Al-Karak (Chicago O.I. 1960) 29, 163Google Scholar Tomb 7 nos. 11, 12 pl. 50 nos. 2, 3; SCE. iv 3. 167, 168, 208 fig. 50 nos. 33, 34, 36; Bucovala, M.Vase antice de sticlӑ la Tomes (Muzeul de Arheologie, Constanţa, n.d.) 81, 83.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ JGS 11 (1969) 21–2 fig. 6.

⁹⁶ SCE. iv 3. 170f. fig. 51 nos. 1, 2 fig. 62 nos. 4, 5; ibid. 209f. and references there given; Op. Arch. 7 (1952) 148 pls. x 1–2, xx 4–5; Op. Ath. 5 (1964) 133 fig. 9; Hayes 131 no. 539 pl. 33.

⁹⁷ BCH 3 (1879) 400–1; Hayes 54 no. 118 pl. 9; Neuberg 1949 pl. xviii no. 61; Calvi 80 cat. 196 tav. 12:2; Morin-Jean 146 ff. form 118 fig. 202 right.

⁹⁸ Hayes 48 no. 84 pl. 7; SCE iv. 3. 153, 201–2 fig. 47 nos. 18, 19, 136 (jugs); Op. Arch. 7 (1952) 126, 130, 131, pl. vi nos. 20, 21 pl. xvii no. i; Dura IV. 5. 39 pl. xxi nos. 146–7; Neuberg 1949, 28 pl. xxvii no. 86; Neuberg 1962, 46 figs. 41–2; Bomford Coll. 19 nos. 47, 49; Oppenländer Coll. 142–4 nos. 401–7, 409; JGS 6 (1964) 38–9 figs. 9 11; Kisa i figs. 266–7. Hexagonal jugs go on into the fourth and fifth centuries: e.g. von Saldern, Axel, Ancient Glass in the Museum of Fine Arts Boston (Boston 1968) fig. 39.Google Scholar

⁹⁹ JGS 6 (1964) 38, 39 figs. 10, 11. Y. Israeli suggests that the masks on the Tel Aviv examples belong to Dionysian cult symbolism.

¹⁰⁰ Oppenländer Coll. 143, 153 no. 408.

¹⁰¹ e.g. Sangiorgi, Giorgio, Collezione di vetri antichi dalle origini al V. sec. d.C. (Milan/Rome 1914) 35 tav. xxiii no. 110Google Scholar; Spartz, Edith, Antike Gläser. Kataloge der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen, Kassel No. 1 (Kassel 1967)Google Scholar no. 26 Taf. 5 (this has oniy four sides); Morin-Jean 152f. form 119 fig. 205, left.

¹⁰² Neuberg 1949, 28; 1962, 68 fig. 55.

¹⁰³ Neuberg 1949, 29 pl. xvi no. 51; 1962, 48 colour pl. ixc; Oppenländer Coll. 172–3 no. 471.

¹⁰⁴ E. M. Stern, op. cit. 44–6; Hayes 33, 49 nos. 87–9; Samaria iii 413, 427 fig. 95 no. 23.

¹⁰⁵ Stern, op. cit. 44–6 no. 10 pl. 2 and references there given; Hayes 49 no. 87 and references there given; Neuberg 1949, 29 pl. xv. no. 50; Bomford Coll. 19 no. 46; Oppenländer Coll. 174 nos. 476–8; Fitz-William Museum 50 nos. 97a, b (found in Cyprus); Calvi 106 cat. 251 tav. 17(3).

¹⁰⁶ Stern, op. cit. 46.

¹⁰⁷ Hayes 153; Kisa iii 765, 767 figs. 309, 310 (these with handles and post-ist c); Neuberg 1962, 86 fig. 95.

¹⁰⁸ Hayes 49 nos. 90, 91 pl. 7; Neuberg 1962, 48 colour pl. ixa; Oppenländer Coll. 171 -3 nos. 470, 472–3.

¹⁰⁹ Hayes 153 no. 638 pl. 39.

¹¹⁰ Calvi 106 cat. 254 tav. 17(3).

¹¹¹ Neuberg 1949, 29 pl. xvi no. 52; 1962, 48 fig. 45; Kisa iii figs. 291–6; Op. Arch. 7 (1952) 136 B vi pl. xvi no. 3, pl. viii nos. 10–11; Oppenländer Coll. 170–1 figs. 460–6 (all ist-2nd c, east Mediterranean to Syria); Bomford Coll. 19 no. 50; Karanis 213–14 no. 629 pl. xviii; Hayes 50 no. 94 pl. 7; SCE. iv 3. 159, 203 fig. 49 nos. 9–10, fig. 58 no. 3; JGS 7 (1965) 30 fig. 11.

¹¹² JGS 7 (1965) 29 fig. 8 top row second from right.

¹¹³ For details of loop-in-loop chains, Higgins, Reynold, Greek and Roman Jewellery (2nd edn., London 1980) 16 fig. 3Google Scholar. Such a chain, in excellent condition, displayed in Aghios Nikolaos museum, from the Xeropotamo Roman cemetery. It connects two rings.

¹¹⁴ Fremersdorf iv 31 Taf. 41.

¹¹⁵ Corinth XII 105 no. 676 and references there given, fig. 11.

¹¹⁶ Oppenländer Coll. 59 no. 130; 73 no. 186; 57 col. pl.

¹¹⁷ e.g. AA (1970) 211 Abb. 1.

¹¹⁸ AA 1970 210ff. Abb. 1–3.

¹¹⁹ ADelt 29 (1973–4) B' 2 367 f. no. 12 pl. 236β.

¹²⁰ BSA 44 (1949) 85–6, 88–9 pls. 25. 2. 5 (17); 26. 1; 27. 2. 5 (18); 30. 6,7. 14 (5); 32. 5. 14(10).

¹²¹ Ibid. 92 pls. 35. 3; 37. 7.

¹²² Syria 10 (1929) 245 pl. xlvi 4, 5.

¹²³ Samaria iii 447, 450 figs. 107, nos. 1, 2, 5–10; 108 no. 1.

¹²⁴ Corinth XII 139 no. 1003 pl. 71; 132 no. 897 pl. 66.

¹²⁵ Delos XVIII 250–1 nos. B1167, 1168 figs. 288, 289 pl. 672.

¹²⁶ Olynthus X 207 ff. pls. lvi–lix; 229, 230 pl. lxi nos. 817,824; 239 pl. lxiii no. 916; 246 pl. lxv nos. 977–82.

¹²⁷ Agora V 101, 114 M189, M319 pl. 53.

¹²⁸ Corinth XII 137 (a) nos. 967–9 pl. 70.

¹²⁹ Delos XVIII 250 nos. B6714, 6606 pls. 671, 673.

¹³⁰ e.g. Corinth XII 184 nos. 1318–33 pl. 82; also the ‘spatulate instruments’ 184–5 nos 336–7 pls. 82, 83; 96 is perhaps closer to the latter.

¹³¹ Detos XVIII 43 ff. N.B. p. 44 and n. 7; nos. B 5793, 5794, figs. 63–4. 98 closely resembles the legs sketched in fig. 65 (2). See also miniature clay table, Pottier, E., Reinach, S., Veyries, A., La Necropole de Myrina i (Paris 1887) 243 fig. 39 no. 406Google Scholar, also Louvre TC Cat. II pl. 185e, f.

¹³² On styli and tablets, Delos XVIII 253–5, NB fig 290 no 2, pls. 674, 675; on styli, Corinth XII 185–7, Olynthus X 357–9.

¹³³ Corinth Xll 228.

¹³⁴ Ibid. 227.

¹³⁵ Ibid. 229. It may be a descendant of Boardman's Type II, Boardman, John, Greek Gems and Finger Rings (London 1970) 212 fig. 217Google Scholar. See also ones from Demeter Sanctuary 134 fig. 29 xsno. 30 (silver), 142 fig. 32 no. 83 (bronze).

¹³⁶ See e.g. Böhme, Astrid, Schmuck der römischen Frau (Stuttgart 1974) 43 fig. 18Google Scholar; SCE iv. 3. 120 fig. 35, 5–7. On chain necklaces in general, Higgins, Reynold, Greek and Roman Jewellery (2nd edn., London 1980) 165–6, 179–80, e.g. pl. 57aGoogle Scholar.

¹³⁷ Marshall, F. H., Catalogue of the Jewellery, Greek, Roman and Etruscan, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum (London 1911) 273 no. 2650, 304 ff. nos. 2643–4Google Scholar with references, and nos. 2645–60 pl. Iv; cf. also 281 no. 2377 pl. lii. Higgins, op. cit. 178–9 no. 10; note ours lacks the bar; for its shield cf. 177 Type 2 pl. 54c.

¹³⁸ Higgins, op. cit. 41–2.

¹³⁹ For others at Knossos see AR 1972–3, 68 fig. 23; see also Corinth XII 278.

¹⁴⁰ Corinth XII 173–4,278–9.

¹⁴¹ Ibid. 174.

¹⁴² Ibid. 285 no. 2341 pl. 119.

¹⁴³ Webster, T. B. L., Monuments Illustrating New Comedy (2nd edn., BICS Supplement 24, London 1969) 22, 44 no. 33Google Scholar; Pollux Δ 151

¹⁴⁴ Webster, op. cit. 23, 44 no. 39; 306 ZT 73; Pollux Δ 151 . See also Bieber, Margarete, The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre (Princeton, NJ 1961) 98 figs. 361–3.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁵ Wellcome Museum no. R. 7688.1936, photo in Webster Archives, London. The treatment of the hair differs slightly.

¹⁴⁶ Webster, op. cit. 23, 44 no. 38 ‘Full Grown Hetaira’; Pollux Δ 151 .

¹⁴⁷ Gentili, Bruno, Theatrical Performances in the Ancient World–Hellenistic and Early Roman Theatre (London Studies in Classical Philology 2, Amsterdam 1979) 78 pl. 4.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁸ BSA 67 (1972) and nos. 25–6, figs. 6–7 pl. 53.

¹⁴⁹ Smith, H. R. W., Hesperia Supplement viii (1949) 355–6.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁰ Ibid. 35311. 3.

¹⁵¹ Ibid. pl. 47 (1).

¹⁵² AA 1980, 89ff. Abb. 71–3 and N.B. 76.

¹⁵³ H. R. W. Smith, op. cit. 355, 357 ff.; AA 1980, 94 nos. 189–93.

¹⁵⁴ H. R. W. Smith, op. cit. 354 5 nos. 4, 5, 9; 358 and nos. 22, 23.

¹⁵⁵ Ibid. 356–7. See also Higgins, R. A., Greek Terracottas (London 1967) 35 6.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁶ e.g. Higgins, op. cit. 90 fig. 27.

¹⁵⁷ Clara Rhodos 4, 117 no. 11 fig. 114. See also Demeter Sanctuary 59 no. 16 pl. 33.

¹⁵⁸ An excellent example of this in Ierissos, Macedonia: ADelt 26 (1971) B'2 394 pl. 391β.

¹⁵⁹ Demeter Sanctuary 77ff. nos. 142–67 pls. 52–5.

¹⁶⁰ Korres, G. S. in Πεπραγμένα τοῦ Β′ Διιθνοῦς Κρητολογικοῦ Συνεδρίον, τόμος Β′ (Athens 1968) 107 ff.Google Scholar pls. Z' (2) H' IB. He interprets the Praisos and Gortys ones as male and female, but Rizza publishes the Gortys ones as female: Rizza, G.-Scrinari, V. Santa Maria, ll Santuario sull' Acropoli di Gortina i (Rome 1968) 167 no. 99 tav. xviiGoogle Scholar. I believe all three could be female.

¹⁶¹ Louvre TC Cat. III 62 nos. D. 356–9 pls. 78b-d, 79a (Zeus and Hera? or simply a human couple?).

¹⁶² Blinkenberg, Chr., Lindos i. Les Petils Objets (Berlin 1931) 540 nos. 2232–4bGoogle Scholar; Louvre TC Cat. I 36 B 207 pl. xxvi; 107 C 138 pl. lxxvii; in C 165 pl. lxxx.

¹⁶³ Demeter Sanctuary 80 no. 168 pl. 39.

¹⁶⁴ Ibid.; see also Higgins, R. A., Catalogue of the Terracottas in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, i 87–8, 231–2 pl. 39.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁵ ADelt 20 (1965) B' 3562 pl. 709a. See Laumonier, Alfred, Catalogue de terres-cuites du Musée Archéologique de Madrid (Paris 1921) 105Google Scholar no. 535 pl. xliv (2) for similar fillet and ivy leaves.

¹⁶⁶ BSA 67 (1972) 275, 278 nos. 103, 107 and Herakleion Museum no. 6336, figs. 6, 7 pl. 53.

¹⁶⁷ ADelt 17 (1961–2) B'283 pl. 347a; ADelt 21 (1966) B′406 P1 4350β.

¹⁶⁸ Reasonably illustrated in Ferguson, John, The Religions of the Roman Empire (London 1970) 101 ff. pl. 53.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁹ OCD (2nd edn.) ‘Dionysus’ 352.

¹⁷⁰ Ibid. ‘Orphism’ 759; W. Guthrie, K. C., Orpheus and Greek Religion (London 1935) 108, 110ff., 133–4Google Scholar. See also Smith, H. R. W. (ed. Anderson, J. K.), Funerary Symbolism in Apulian Vase Painting (University of California Publications, Classical Studies vol. 12, Berkeley 1976) 124 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁷¹ Guthrie, op. cit. 41 ff.

¹⁷² JHS 73 (1953) 126–7 fig. 13 toP row 2nd from left.

¹⁷³ OCD (2nd edn.) ‘Orphism’ 759; Aristophanes, Birds 693–9.

¹⁷⁴ Guthrie, op. cit. 83 f. 95 ff.

¹⁷⁵ Demeter Sanctuary 186.

¹⁷⁶ Persson, A. W., The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric Times (Berkeley 1942) 148–9Google Scholar; Nilsson, Martin P., The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion (2nd edn., Lund 1950) 450–2, 577.Google Scholar

¹⁷⁷ Levi, Alda, Le terrecotte figurate del Museo Nazionale di Napoli (Florence 1926) 89 no. 383 fig. 72Google Scholar; Louvre TC Cat. III 166 nos. D 1138–9 pl. 229g, l. See also Richter, G. M. A., The Furniture of the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans (London 1966) 63, 110 fig. 338.Google Scholar

¹⁷⁸ Cf. Corinth XII 223 nos. 1713, 1714, 1758–60 pl. 100.

¹⁷⁹ David S. Reese kindly identified these, and pointed out that there was another in Gypsadhes Tomb XVIII.

¹⁸⁰ Agora V 15 F50 pl. 2.

¹⁸¹ Demeter Sanctuary 45 no. 137 pl. 27.

¹⁸² Somewhat similar AR (1972–3) 66 fig. 17 left.

¹⁸³ Similar but smaller AR op. cit. 65 fig. 12. The type continued into the 4th c: Agora V 77 L27 pl. 16; 105M 223 pl. 27.

¹⁸⁴ BSA 67 (1972) 274.

¹⁸⁵ For 133: BSA 67 (1972) 276 no. 6 fig. 3 pl. 52d; 66 (1971) 269 no. 62 pl. 40d; Antichità Cretesi 2 tav. xxxiv no. 5; also similar Menzel, H., Antike Lampen im römischen-germanischen zentral-museum zu Mainz (Mainz 1969), 19 no. 54 fig. 12(2)Google Scholar; PAE (1969) 245–6 pl. 278a, 246–8 pl. 278β. For 134: PAE (1969) 246–8 pl. 278β right. Similar Antichità Cretesi 2 tav. xxxiv no. 10; JUS 73 (1953) 127 fig. 13 bottom right; ADett 20 (1965) B' 3 562 pl. 708ς bottom right. For 135: BSA 66 (1971) 269 no. 63 pl. 40d; similar PAE 1969, 247 pl. 278β 2nd from left; Menzel, op. cit. 19 no. 53 fig. 12 (i);BSA 67 (1972) 276 no. 5 fig. 3.

¹⁸⁶ Demeter Sanctuary 50 f. nos. 34, N.B. 35, 37 pl. 30.

¹⁸⁷ Lucas, A. (4th edn., rev. Harris, J. R.) Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries (London 1962) 84.Google Scholar

¹⁸⁸ Ibid. 83.

¹⁸⁹ Isings 26.