^{page 35 note *} Ath. Mitth., xi.,35. “Ein lehrreiches Beispiel, wie vorsichtig man mit Schlüssen aus der blossen baulichen Anlage auf die Epoche der Gräber sein muss.”

^{page 35 note †} As already noted by Blinkenberg in a very useful summary of the question, Antiquités prémycéniennes, trad, par Beauvois, E. (Mém. de la Soc. royale des Antiquaires du Nord, Nouvelle Série, 1896), see p. 35.Google Scholar He shows without difficulty that Dümmler had no real evidence for regarding as contemporary, and indeed identical, the two cultures, that of the cist-tomb period and that of the Theran type. Further, while the cups from the Amorgan tomb are made by hand, the cups found at Phylakopi with pottery of the Theran and Mycenaean types are all wheel-made.

I am, of course, expressing no prejudice as regards the more important question whether the culture of the type exemplified by the rock-tombs at Phylakopi is a continuation of the old island culture or the innovation of a new people. It will be seen in Mr. Bosanquet's article, p. 53. that pottery of the primitive type representing an advanced stage of development has been found in graves at Phylakopi—to say nothing here of the only partly excavated fortress. And it will be remembered that Dümmler mentions an earlier type of tomb there, “flache Erdgräber,” constructed, according to tradition, more or less incompletely with slabs of stone; no specimen now remains. Possibly this may be only a development of the primitive type (which, indeed, can be perceived to have been increasing in size as time went on), and a transition to the coffin-like tombs cut in the soft rock.

^{page 37 note *} It would be a satisfaction if a theory could be verified that Bent held with regard to the earlier cemetery on Antiparos, the one that more closely than any other corresponds with ours at Pelos. Like many of the others, it lay on the slope of a hill overlooking the sea, and in the shallow water of the bay beneath, which Bent supposes to be a comparatively recent addition to the Ægean, he was able to make out a few traces of ancient dwellings. “A clever fisherman,” he says, “who knows every inch of the bay, told me that pottery, similar to that I found in the graves, was very plentiful at the bottom of the sea near the houses.” J. H. S., v., 47, 48.

^{page 37 note †} Supposed traces of a conical roof in one of the pre-historic chambers on Thera; remains on Amorgos of a circular building of the seventh century B.C.

^{page 37 note ‡} Tsountas and Manatt, The Mycenœan Age, p. 327.

^{page 38 note *} The same “thatching” may be seen round the top of a primitive vase of the duck form, from Melos, in the Museum of Sèvres. Nor is the cross on the base of the Amorgan vase a unique ornament in the Ægean; it occurs quite frequently, in paint, on the bases of native vases from Phylakopi, cf. Evans, Cret. Pict. p. 114, fig. 106b.

^{page 43 note *} There is a weight of similar form, but much less rude, in the Acropolis Museum.

^{page 43 note †} The contents of the graves excavated by the British School are in the National Museum in Athens. The other vases were obtained from their discoverer, and form part of a small collection of antiquities in the British School.

^{page 44 note *} Elide the horizontal lines and this pattern becomes a system of vertical zigzags, e.g., on a vase from Melos, Sèvres Mus. 388c (see Brongniart and Riocreux, Pl. xiii., 7).

^{page 44 note †} Blinkenberg (pp. 28, 29) has a passage that deserves to be quoted on this particular detail, the form of the base in hand-made vases: — “Tandis que le potier, se servant uniquement de la main, aimera mieux arrondir le dessous; pour le mettre à plomb, il lui donnera 3 pieds, ou retranchera une partie du dessous pour le rendre plat ou bien le renfoncera. Mais le fond arrondi est souvent conservé et il faut alors donner au vase un support particulier. A ce point de vue les vases d'argile des sépultures prémycéniennes sont complètement primitifs; ordinairement ronds au fond [Oliaros A: 4 exempl.: Syros B]: plus rarement plats [Amorgos B: 3 ex.]: un seul des vases publiés [Amorgos B] a, si le dessin est exact, un pied particulièrement profilé.” That may be the principle, but those are not the facts. The vases from Oliaros (i.e., Antiparos) are none of them round-bottomed, nor is any pre-Mycenæan pot from the Cyclades that I know of.

^{page 46 note *} I omit Ross's cemeteries (at Heracleia, &c), about which our information is too scanty, and also the graves on Amorgos excavated by Tsountas; the latter find has not yet been published, see Πρακτικά 1894, p. 22.

^{page 46 note †} It is unfortunate that an exact record has not been preserved of the two respective finds in Antiparos. However, it is pretty clear from the course of Bent's description (J. H. S., v., pp. 49–52), that the very primitive idols were the only marble objects found in the first cemetery, and that the marble vases came from the second. And he adds (p. 53), “In the poorer graves we seldom found anything else but pottery; it is all of a rude character and frequently incised with rude patterns.” Thus it is safe to assign to the first cemetery the bulk, if not the whole, of the pottery identical in form and manufacture with that of Pelos.

^{page 47 note *} Besides the idols Pollak noted two small objects of transparent green stone which seemed to him to represent a phallos and a foot. Is it not more likely that they were nothing more than the heads of two idols? Cf., for the shape of head, Evans's Cret. Pict., p. 126, Fig. 129. One of our workmen at Phylakopi who found a similar marble head pronounced it, like Pollak, to be a ποδαράκι.

^{page 47 note †} A miniature specimen in Siphnos (Ath. Mitth., xvi., 210).

^{page 47 note ‡} Examples in Oxford, London, Vienna, Athens.

^{page 48 note *} In the Egyptian collection. But there is no doubt that they are early Ægean work. Mr. Cecil Smith has kindly sent me the following conclusive information about them:—“They came to the Museum together in 1843 from the collection of the Earl of Belmore. The bulk of this collection consisted of Egyptian objects, and hence the presumption has been that they also were found in Egypt. But the Museum possesses the plates of a catalogue of the Belmore Collection, which gives outline views of most of the things; and I see that these two vases are there figured in one group apart, together with a series of about six vases, which are certainly Greek. It is therefore highly probable that the two lychnites vases were obtained by Lord Belmore in Greece.” Ci. post, p. 65, and Murray, Hndbk. of Grk. Arch., p. 8.

^{page 50 note *} Ath. Mitth., xvi., p. 55; Blinkenberg, p. 15.