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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 September 2013
A short account is given of ecclesiastical buildings studied at Paliochora on Kythera in 1987. A preliminary discussion of aspects of church architecture and decoration relevant to our survey is provided. Reference is made to comparative material from other Byzantine monuments on Kythera and other regions of Greece with similar material, in particular Laconia and the area of Epidauros Limera.
2 It is interesting to note that a similar legend is associated with Paliochora on Aegina. Moutsopoulos, N.K., Η Παλιόχωϱα της Αιγίνης, Athens (1962) 58.Google Scholar Hereafter Παλιὸχωρα (1962).
3 This information was provided by Prof. M. Chatzidakis of the Athens Academy in a personal communication. This together with other information will be included in the forthcoming Corpus of the Byzantine Wall-Paintings of Greece, of the Academy of Athens. Vol. A': Kythera. We are grateful to Prof. Chatzidakis.
4 We are grateful to the following Kytherians for information: Th. Gerakitis, J. Gerakitis, Pol. Gerakitis-Maneas, An. Triphyllis, and Dem. Comes.
5 Churches dedicated to this saint on Kythera can be found at Vourgo (Chora), Vouno in the Avlemonas area, Kastro of Hagia Pelagia and Akroteri near Dourianika, the last securely dated by an inscription to 1275. Lazarides, P.L.A Delt 20 (1965) 184–185, 192–193Google Scholar, hereafter Lazarides (1965), Georgopoulou, M.A Delt. 30 (1975) 58.Google Scholar
6 Moutsopoulos, N.K., Demetrokallis, G., Γεϱάϰι Οι εϰϰλησίες τον οιϰισμού Thessalonika (1981) 172–173 and n. 45 and 6Google Scholar, hereafter Γερὰχι (1981).
7 Lazarides (1965) 192.
8 Hagios Georgios of the Calucci family: Hagios Ioannis of Drapenesis, Hagios Ioannis ho Prodromos; Panaghia Mesosporitissa; Panaghia Kyra; Hagioi Anargyroi at Palcopolis; Hagios Andreas at Perleghianika; Hagios Polykarpos at Phoenikies; Hagios Theodoros at Spastiras; Hagios Demetrios at Vourgo; the Church of Soter at Milopotamos and Hagia Kyriake sta Sanidia; Lazarides (1965) 184–185, 190, 191, 196, 199. Vokotopoulos, P.L.Η Βυζαντινή τέχνη στά Επάνησα. Kerkyraika Chronika 15 (1970) 170.Google Scholar
9 K. Lassithiotakis, Κυϱιαϱχούντες τύποι Χϱιστιανιϰών ναών απὸ το 12 αιώνα ϰαι εντύϑεν στη Δυτιϰή Κϱήρη, KrChron ΙΕ'–ΙΣΤ'' (1963) PAE, and Gallas, K., Wessel, K., Borboudakis, M.. Byzantinisches Kreta (1983) 216, 227, 241, 310, 393, 440.Google Scholar Hereafter Kreta (1983).
10 Orlandos, A.K., ‘Βυζαντινά ϰαι Μεταβυζαντινά μνημεία της Ρόδου’, Archeion Byz. Mnem. ΣΤ' (1948) 63, 66.Google Scholar
11 Soteriou, G., ‘Βυζαντινά μνημεία της Κύπϱον’ Athens (1935) pl. 41.Google Scholar
12 Γερὰχι (1981) 5, 50.
13 Drandakis, N.B., ‘Εϱευναι εις την Μάνην’ PAE (1977) 226Google Scholar, hereafter PAE (1977).
14 Drandakis, N.B., Kalopissi, S., Panagiotidi, M. ‘Ἐϱευνα εις την Μάνη’ PAE (1974) 156–157.Google Scholar Hereafter PAE (1979).
15 Drandakis, N.B., Gioles, N., Dori, H., Kalopissi, S., Kepetzi, V., Konstantinidi, Ch., Konstandoudaki, M., Panagiotidi, M. ‘Ἐϱευνα στην Επίδαυϱο Λιμηϱά’ PAE (1982) 349–466.Google Scholar Hereafter PAE (1982), and Drandakis, N.B., Kalopissi, S., Panagiotidi, M. ‘Ἐϱευνα στην Επίδαυϱο Λιμηϱά’ PAE (1983) 209–263Google Scholar, hereafter PAE (1983).
16 PAE (1982) 350, 402, 403, 408–9, 416, 417–8, 425, 430, 434–5, 440, 453, 459. Most of the Churches mentioned can be dated by wall-paintings to the period between the late 13th century and the first quarter of the 15th century. PAE (1983) 214, 240, 244, 251, 254. These churches can also be dated by their paintings to the period from the late 13th century to the second quarter of the 15th century.
17 PAE (1982) 391–392 n. 7.
18 ibid 384 and n. 1.
19 Ince, G.E., Koukoulis, T. and Smyth, David. Paliochora: Survey of a Byzantine city on the island of Kythera. Preliminary Report, BSA 82 (1987) 95–106 esp. 95–96.Google Scholar Hereafter BSA (1987).
20 Millet, G.L'Ecole Greque dans l'architecture Byzantine. Paris (1916) 45–46.Google Scholar
21 Γερὰχι (1981) 3.
22 PAE (1979) 189, 193, 207. These churches can all be dated to the late Byzantine period, and Drandakis, N.B., Gioles, G., Constantinidi, Ch., ‘Ἐϱευνα στη Δαϰωνιή Μάνη’ PAE 1981a' 254–268 and esp. 254.Google Scholar This church (Hagios Mamas) can be dated to the late 13th century. Hereafter PAE (1981a).
23 PAE (1982) 386–387, 450. These churches are dated by their wall-paintings to the late 13th century.
24 A similar door frame can be seen at the church of Hagios Nikolaos (14th century?) north of Potamos, Kythera. The door frame, however, may be of a later date.
25 Kreta (1983) 57, 59, 315, 332, 412.
26 BSA (1987) 97.
27 Bouras, Ch., ‘Βνζαντινά στανϱοϑόλια με νενϱὼσεις, Athens (1965) 63–64.Google Scholar
28 Bouras, Ch., ‘Η φϱαγϰοβυζαντινη εϰϰλησία τηςθεοτόϰου στό Ανηλιο της Ηλείας’ Deltion tes Christianikes Archeologikes Hetaereias Δ' ΙΒ' (1984) 240.Google Scholar
29 Nikolakopoulos, G. ‘Ἐντοιχισμένα ϰεραμειϰά στίς όψεις των μεσαιωνιϰν ϰαι επί ϰονϱϰοϰϱατίας εϰϰλησιών μας. Εισαγωγή. Τά ϰεϱαμειϰά τών Αγίων θεοδώϱων’ (Athens (1978)) 22.Google Scholar
30 Velenis, G.M., ‘Εϱμηνεία τον εζωτεϱιϰού διαϰόσμου στη βνζαντινή αϱχιτεϰτονιϰη’ Thessalonika (1984) 269–270.Google Scholar
31 Laconia, R. Traquair. Medieval Churches BSA 15 (1908–1909) 189.Google Scholar
32 ibid. 183, hereafter BSA (1908–9).
33 PAE (1979) 163, 203. PAE (1977) P. 221. PAE (1981a) 265. PAE (1982) 450–452.
34 Lazarides (1965) pl. 196b.
35 This cross is now lost. A photograph of it was published in Kythera. Excavations and Studies, edited by Goldstream, J.N. and Huxley, G.L., London (1972) pl. 7b.Google Scholar
36 Both churches are unpublished.
37 PAE (1982), 379; PAE (1983), 222.
38 Drandakis, N.B., Dori, H., Kalopissi, S., Panagiotidi, M., ‘Ἐϱευνα στη Μάνη’ PAE (1978) 148Google Scholar; BSA (1908–9) 180.
39 Γερὰχι(1981) 55 n. 4–8.
40 Moutsopoulos, N.K., ‘Η Παναγία του Μουχλίου’ Peloponnesiaka Γ–Δ (1958–1959) 293.Google Scholar
41 Koumanoudis, I.N., ‘Συμπληϱωματιϰή έϱ επί των ϰϱίστιανιϰών μνμείων του Ωϱωπού’ Deltion Christianities Archeologikes Hetaereias Δ Ε' (1966–1969) 93.Google Scholar
42 Bouras, Ch., Kalogeropoulou, A., Andreadi, R. ‘Churches of Attica’ Athens (1970) 87.Google Scholar
43 Παλιὸχωρα (1962) 178–181.
44 Moutsopoulos, N.K., ‘Οι εϰϰλησιές τον νομού Πέλλης’ Thessalonika (1973) 76–77.Google Scholar There is a difference between vessels to enhance acoustics and those which are used to fill the mass of the pendentives. Discussion about the latter vide Bakirtzis, Ch., ‘Βυζαντινά Τσονϰαλολάγηωα’ Thessalonika (1984) 100–119.Google Scholar
45 Pazaras, Th., ‘Ανάγλνφες σαϱϰοφάγοι ϰαι επιτάφιες πλάϰες μήσης ϰαι νστεϱης βνζαντινής πεϱιόγον στην Ελλάοα’ Thessalonika (1984) 282, 296 n. 13.Google Scholar For burials in churches vide Pallas, D., Σαλαμινιαϰά' Γ'. ‘Οι τάφοι’ AE (1950–1951) 163–181.Google Scholar
46 In the summer of 1987 when survey team arrived at Paliochora we found the western part of the church disturbed and a number of human bones broken and scattered on the ground.
47 Leontitsis, G.N., The island of Kythera: A Social History (1700–1863), Athens (1987)Google Scholar; for Paliochora vide esp. 42–48.