^{page 31 note 1} Saladin, , L'Art Musulman, i. p. 443Google Scholar; Huart, , Konieh, p. 133Google Scholar; Sarre, , Reise in Kleinasien, p. 147Google Scholar; id.Persische Denkmäler, p. 47.

^{page 32 note 1} Huart, op. cit. p. 141, No. 28.

^{page 32 note 2} Strzygowski, , Amida, p. 141Google Scholar erroneously terms them ‘spitzbogige.’

^{page 32 note 3} Von Oppenheim, Arabische Inschriften, No. 174 (van Berchem); Huart, op. cit. No. 26.

^{page 32 note 4} Huart, , Rev. Sem. 1896, No. 28.Google Scholar

^{page 32 note 5} Id. No. 23.

^{page 32 note 6} Id. No. 24.

^{page 32 note 7} Id. No. 28.

^{page 33 note 1} Sarre, op. cit. p, 48; Huart, , Konieh, p. 134Google Scholar; Saladin, op. cit. i. p. 444; Strzygowski, , Amida, p. 144.Google Scholar

^{page 33 note 2} Amida, Pls. IX.–XI., XIV.–XV.

^{page 34 note 1} Bell, , Ukhaidir, p. 126Google Scholar; Strzygowski, op. cit. p. 143; De Vogüé, Syrie Centrale, passim.

^{page 34 note 2} Amida, Fig. 239, Fig. 233.

^{page 35 note 1} Bell, op. cit. Pl. 84, Fig. 3.

^{page 35 note 2} Huart, , Rev. Sem. 1896, No. 26Google Scholar; von Oppenheim, op. cit. No. 174 (van Berchem).

^{page 35 note 3} E.g. Figs. 1 and 2, stone slabs built into the external wall of S. Mark's, Venice.

^{page 37 note 1} There are some more Roman column shafts in the Armenian church on the hill. I could not go into the Greek church owing to the closing of all churches by the Patriarch in June, 1914.

^{page 37 note 2} One with an acanthus capital, near the tomb of Sadreddin; other fragments in the tekkeh of ‘Tadji Vizir,’ in the garden by the ‘Kalendah Baba’ turbeh, and in the cemetery.

^{page 37 note 3} Dalton, Byzantine Art, Fig. 165.

^{page 37 note 4} Sarre, , Pers. Denk. p. 131Google Scholar; Saladin, op. cit. i. p. 449, No. 1.

^{page 37 note 5} Schlumberger, , L'épopée byzantine, iii. p. 569 (XI.–XII. century).Google Scholar

^{page 37 note 6} Ibid. ii. p. 273 (XI.–XII. Century).

^{page 38 note 1} Schlumberger, op. cit. i. p. 669 (XI.–XII. century).

^{page 38 note 2} My attention was kindly drawn to these examples by Mr. W. Grant Keith, of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

^{page 38 note 3} Strzygowski, , Kleinarmenische Miniaturenmalerei, Tubingen veroffentl. i. pp. 32, 33.Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 1} See below, p. 56 and Fig. 7.

^{page 39 note 2} Sarre, , Pers. Denk. p. 122Google Scholar, Fig. 149.

^{page 39 note 3} Von Oppenheim, , Inschriften a. Syrien u. Nord Mes., Nos. 178, 179 (van Berchem).Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 4} Huart, , Rev. Sem. 1896, No. 32.Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 5} Bell, , Ukhaidir, ch. vi.Google Scholar; Sarre-Herzfield, , Reise in Euphrat- u. Tigris- Gebiete, p. 97.Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 6} Sarre, , Pers. Denk. p. 121.Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 7} Sarre-Herzfeld, op. cit. pp. 98–99.

^{page 40 note 1} Saladin, op. cit. i. pp. 215–18, Figs. 137–8.

^{page 40 note 2} Outside Syria, at Fostat, in the Moghreb etc., the arches are at right angles to the Kibleh wall. The Great Mosque at Amida probably adds a fourth to the Syrian group, for though in the case of arches resting on piers, it is usual for them to run parallel, yet Nasiri Khosro, describing the mosque in 1046, says the arches rested on columns, Amida, p. 311.

^{page 41 note 1} One restoration, the most recent, was in progress at the time of Huart's visit in 1896.

^{page 41 note 2} Amida, p. 316.

^{page 41 note 3} Spiers, , J.R.I.B.A. Series 3, vol. 4, pp. 16seqq.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 1} Amida, pp. 322, 330, Figs. 269, 270, 222.

^{page 43 note 2} Bell, , ukhaidir, p. 159–60, Pl. 19.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 3} Sarre-Herzfeld, , Reise, pp. 98, 99.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 4} Amida, p. 316.

^{page 43 note 5} Sarre and Herzfeld, p. 98; Spiers, and Dickie, , J.R.I.B.A. Series 3, vol. 4, pp. 16sqq.Google Scholar; Strzygowski, , Amida, p. 329Google Scholar, who derives it from the Byzantine Emperors' palace on the Bosphorus (Procopius, i. 10).

^{page 43 note 6} Sarre-Herzfeld, , Reise, p. 100.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 7} Mosques of Mesopotamian type with this widening, and with piers instead of columns, are: Ibn Touloun, Cairo; Muttawakil, , Samarra, , Bell, , Ukhaidir, p. 156Google Scholar; Abou Dolaf, Samarra, ibid. Fig. 33.

^{page 44 note 1} Mosques of Syro-Egyptian type, with columns, showing the central widening are: El Aksa, Jerusalem, Bell, op. cit. p. 152; Baalbek, Amida, Fig. 27; the Tunis mosques, Qairawan, Zaitimah, and the mosque of Cordova, Bell, op. cit. p. 152.

^{page 44 note 2} Amida, p. 317.

^{page 44 note 3} Op. cit. p. 329.

^{page 44 note 4} E.g. Mschatta, , Jahrb. d. Kön. Preuss. Kunst-Samml. Pl. I.Google Scholar; Amida, Fig. 275. Kasr-Ibn-Wardan, op. cit. Fig. 276.

^{page 45 note 1} Only the consols remain.

^{page 45 note 2} Von Oppenheim, op. cit. p. 138, No. 18 (van Berchem).

^{page 46 note 1} Saladin, , L'Art Musulman, p. 462Google Scholar; Huart, , Konia, p. 175Google Scholar; Sarre, , Reise in Kleinas., p. 54, Pls. XXVI., XXVII., XXVIII.Google Scholar; id., Pers. Denk. p. 132, Fig. 188, Pl. CIX.; Texier, , Asie Mineure, p. 149Google Scholar (wrongly terms it the mosque of Alaeddin).

^{page 47 note 1} Sarre.

^{page 47 note 2} Huart, , Rev. Sem. 1896, No. 49.Google Scholar

^{page 47 note 3} Huart, , Konia, p. 176.Google Scholar

^{page 47 note 4} Huart, , Rev. Sem. 1896, No. 51.Google Scholar

^{page 47 note 5} Ibid. No. 50.

^{page 47 note 6} Saladin, op. cit. p. 456, Fig. 336.

^{page 47 note 7} This disposition, a great arch in a façade with niches in two tiers, is probably derived directly from the great arch at Ctesiphon.

^{page 47 note 8} For instance, the façades of the Alaeddin mosque, the Tai, Kara, and Medressehs, Sirtcheli, Sarre, , Reise, Pls. XIX., XX., XXII.–XXV.Google Scholar

^{page 48 note 1} Sarre, and Herzfeld, , Reise, Pl. V. (left).Google Scholar

^{page 48 note 2} Ibid. Pl. VIII. (right).

^{page 48 note 3} A fine collection of these paintings is produced by Stasoff in L'Ornement Slav.

^{page 48 note 4} In the Biblioteca Laurentiana, Florence. Garucci, , Storia dell'Arte, Pls. 126, 138.Google Scholar

^{page 49 note 1} Adv. Faustum, Bk. XIII. Ch. 6 and 18.

^{page 49 note 2} The whole question is discussed by Strzygowski in Kleinarmenische Miniaturenmalerei, and his work on the Armenian miniature painting in Byzant. Denkmäler, i. p. 81 and Oriens Christianus, i. p. 356.

^{page 49 note 3} Van Berchem, , Amida, pp. 125–6.Google Scholar

^{page 49 note 4} Sarre-Herzfeld, op. cit. Pl. V. (right).

^{page 50 note 1} Hartmann, . Orient. Litt. Zeitung. 1906, pp. 28, 70, 117 seqq.Google Scholar; 233, 297, 421 seqq.

^{page 50 note 2} Huart, , Konia, p. 160Google Scholar; Saladin, , L'Art Mus. p. 459, Fig. 337Google Scholar; Sarre, , Reise, Pl. XXX.Google Scholar; id., Pers. Denk. Figs. 189–192.

^{page 50 note 3} A photograph by Solakian, Konia, records the building before the catastrophe, with the minaret standing to its full height.

^{page 50 note 4} Saladin, op. cit. i. p. 459. He argues that Kalous ibn Abdallah was an Armenian renegade.

^{page 51 note 1} See above p. 48.

^{page 51 note 2} Amida, Fig. 291.

^{page 52 note 1} Sarre, and Herzfeld, , Reise, Pl. XCVI.–XCVII.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note 2} A small amount of cufic is still in use in the Energheh façade, and none at all on the Indjeh Minareli; a sign that the latter, as all indications suggest, is of slightly later date.

^{page 52 note 3} E.g. Jebel: van Berchem, and Fatis, , Voyage en Syrie, Pl. V.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note 4} A cross hangs from the cusp. Schlumberger, , L'Epopée byzantine, i. p. 476.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note 5} Stasoff, op. cit. Pl. CLVII. etc.

^{page 52 note 6} (a) Brit. Mus. Or. 5626 (A.D. 1282). (b) Ibid.Or. 81 (A.D. 1181, Drasark).

^{page 53 note 1} Strzygowski, , Kleinarmenische Miniaturenmalerei, p. 36.Google Scholar

^{page 54 note 1} Strzygowski, op. cit. p. 36 seqq.

^{page 54 note 2} Id. Mschatta, pp. 274–358, Figs. 91, 92, 93, 115, 117, 118. Similar ornaments are conspicuous on the façade of the Gueuk Medresseh at Sivas; they can also be compared to the floral motives at the Eschref Rum, Beischehir, and the Hatounieh Medresseh, Karaman.

^{page 55 note 1} The Byzantines also used it, but gave it a round form.

^{page 56 note 1} Choisy, , L'art de bâtir chez les byzantins, pp. 69–70, Fig. 76.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 2} Migeon, , L'Art musulman, ii. Fig. 245.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 3} The diagrams reproduced in Figs. 7, 8, were kindly drawn for me by my father, Dr. Horace Lamb, F.R.S.

^{page 56 note 4} Op. cit. p. 96–7, Fig. 116.

^{page 57 note 1} Ramsay, and Bell, , The Thousand and One Churches, p. 438.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 2} Tetragonal arch at Lattakieh, De Vogüé, Syrie Çentrale, Fig. 30; also at Bizzos and Ezra, ibid. Pl. 76.

^{page 58 note 1} Sarre, Pers. Denk. Figs. 176, 183.

^{page 58 note 2} Saladin, op. cit. i. Figs. 361, 363; Choisy, op. cit. pp. 69–70; Rosenthal, , Pendentifs, Trompen und Stalaktiten (Leipzig, 1912)Google Scholar, agrees in attacking Choisy's derivation of the polyhedric pendentives, but misses, I think, the whole objective of the Seljouk architect, which was to create, by means of triangular supports, a polygon with a sufficiently large number of sides to adjust easily to the circular base of the dome.

^{page 59 note 1} The curved form appears in Manuchar's mosque at Ani and the Ortokid mosque at Mayarfarquin. An instance of the rectilinear form in brick at Konia at an early date, is the corbel supporting the gallery of the ruined Kiosk near the Mosque of Alaeddin (Pl. IX. 1).

^{page 60 note 1} Bell, , Ukhaidir, Pl. 83, Fig. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 60 note 2} Lynch, Armenia, Fig. 80.

^{page 60 note 3} Texier, , L'Arménie, la Mesopotamie et la Perse, ii. Pl. XCIX.Google Scholar

^{page 60 note 4} Texier, op. cit. Pl. 102.

^{page 61 note 1} L'Architecture Ottomane, p. 15.

^{page 61 note 2} Saladin, op. cit. i. p. 498, note 1, Figs. 361, 363, 366.