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LIKE A DUCK TO WATER – BIRDS AND LIQUIDS IN THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2019

Julia Binnberg
Julia Binnberg*
Affiliation:
Independent researcher
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

This study examines the relationships between birds and liquids in the Minoan, Cycladic and Mycenaean cultures. Objects under investigation are bird-shaped vessels, bird figurines attached to vessels, and some special pouring vessels decorated with painted bird motifs, which are listed in an accompanying catalogue. Analysis of this material demonstrates that images of both doves and waterbirds were consistently linked to liquid-containing vessels, but there are significant chronological and regional variations regarding the preference for bird species. Another aspect fluctuating with period and place is the type of contact created between liquid and bird motif. Three categories dividable into three or two subtypes can be recognised, which mainly differ from each other by the degree of proximity that is established between the fluid and bird motif. It is argued that these differences reflect variations in the perception of birds regarding their relationship to liquids. While a direct and active participation of birds in the flow of liquids such as water and milk is observable in many Cretan and Cycladic objects, the artefacts from the Greek Mainland show a different pattern, whereby less direct contact combined with a stylised rendering suggests that the bird motif was accorded a more passive role by symbolising the positive effect of the flow of water. These findings contribute to recent scholarly debates on human–animal relationships and ontologies in the Aegean Bronze Age.

Σαν την πάπια στο νερό – Τα πτηνά και το υγρό στοιχείο στην εποχή του χαλκού στο Αιγαίο

Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τις σχέσεις μεταξύ των πτηνών και του υγρού στοιχείου κατά τη διάρκεια του μινωιού, κυκλαδικού και μυκηναϊκού πολιτισμού. Η έρευνα εστιάζεται στα πτηνόμορφα αγγεία, στις απεικονίσεις πτηνών σε αγγεία και σε ορισμένα ρυτά διακοσμημένα με μοτίβα πτηνών· τα αντικείμενα παρατίθενται στον συνοδευτικό κατάλογο. Η ανάλυση του υλικού δείχνει ότι οι απεικονίσεις τόσο των περιστεριών όσο και των υδρόβιων πτηνών απαντώνται σε αγγεία αποθήκευσης υγρών, και το είδος των πτηνών που απεικονίζονται διαφοροποιείται στο χρόνο και κατά τόπους. Ένα άλλο χαρακτηριστικό που ποικίλλει στον χρόνο και κατά τόπους είναι ο τύπος της επαφής ανάμεσα στο υγρό στοιχείο και στα πτηνά. Εντοπίζονται τρεις κατηγορίες διαιρούμενες σε τρεις ή δύο υποκατηγορίες, με κριτήριο διαφοροποίησής τους να είναι ο βαθμός εγγύτητας μεταξύ του υγρού στοιχείου και του μοτίβου του πτηνού. Υποστηρίζεται ότι αυτές οι διαφορές αντανακλούν τις διαφορές στην αντίληψη της σχέσης των πτηνών με τα υγρά στοιχεία. Ενώ η άμεση και ενεργή συμμετοχή των πτηνών στη ροή των υγρών στοιχείων, όπως το νερό και το γάλα, παρατηρούνται σε πολλά κρητικά και κυκλαδίτικα αντικείμενα, στην ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα τα αντίστοιχα αντικείμενα παρουσιάζουν ένα διαφορετικό μοτίβο. Υπάρχει μικρότερη άμεση επαφή συνοδευόμενη με μια στυλιζαρισμένη απεικόνιση, η οποία υποδηλώνει ότι το μοτίβο των πτηνών έχει έναν πιο παθητικό ρόλο, ενώ εξαίρεται ο θετικός αντίκτυπος της ροής του νερού. Τα παραπάνω ευρήματα συμβάλλουν στις πρόσφατες επιστημονικές συζητήσεις για τη σχέση ανθρώπου-ζώου και στα οντολογικά ζητήματα στην εποχή του χαλκού στο Αιγαίο.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 114 , November 2019 , pp. 41 - 78
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2019 

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